Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2234707
Jaouad El Habbouch
ABSTRACT The Kabul Beauty School: The Art of Friendship and Freedom (2008) is a memoir written by the American beautician, Deborah Rodriguez. It recounts her individual story in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban and the work Western programs of “economic empowerment” and humanitarian agencies of “social emancipation” have done to “reconstruct” the war-torn nation. This involvement in the raw, however, does not exist in some kind of political vacuum. The leaders of these global programs of humanitarian action and “sustainable development” represent an array of neo-compradors: social enterprisers and partisan actors, selling “the burqa-clad woman” of Afghanistan the illusion of economic independence and “social emancipation” through local micro-projects and self-employment initiatives. The language of these agencies of social entrepreneurship and humanitarian service offers a wide-ranging discursive domain within which post-9/11 “counter-terroristic formations” (Boehmer and Morton 2010, 7) thrived in an explosion of distinct discursivities, taking form in pedagogy, morality, sexuality, medical care, philanthropy, beauty industry, women’s emancipation, human rights activism and international security and safety measures. These regimes of knowledge and expertise provide important sites of critical inquiry through which counter-terror can be conceptually subverted and discursively deconstructed as part of a larger system of global control and management, within which neo-liberal politics operate at the interface between the metropolis and the postcolony.
{"title":"The Burqa-clad woman, terror and the postcolony: the Kabul Beauty School and the art of imperial friendship and freedom","authors":"Jaouad El Habbouch","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2234707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2234707","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kabul Beauty School: The Art of Friendship and Freedom (2008) is a memoir written by the American beautician, Deborah Rodriguez. It recounts her individual story in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban and the work Western programs of “economic empowerment” and humanitarian agencies of “social emancipation” have done to “reconstruct” the war-torn nation. This involvement in the raw, however, does not exist in some kind of political vacuum. The leaders of these global programs of humanitarian action and “sustainable development” represent an array of neo-compradors: social enterprisers and partisan actors, selling “the burqa-clad woman” of Afghanistan the illusion of economic independence and “social emancipation” through local micro-projects and self-employment initiatives. The language of these agencies of social entrepreneurship and humanitarian service offers a wide-ranging discursive domain within which post-9/11 “counter-terroristic formations” (Boehmer and Morton 2010, 7) thrived in an explosion of distinct discursivities, taking form in pedagogy, morality, sexuality, medical care, philanthropy, beauty industry, women’s emancipation, human rights activism and international security and safety measures. These regimes of knowledge and expertise provide important sites of critical inquiry through which counter-terror can be conceptually subverted and discursively deconstructed as part of a larger system of global control and management, within which neo-liberal politics operate at the interface between the metropolis and the postcolony.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"93 1","pages":"560 - 576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83839352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2229618
D. Chevalier
ABSTRACT This article considers a significant stage in the convergence of US counterterrorism policy and immigration enforcement exemplified by the emergence of a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) unit known as the Tactical Terrorism Response Team (TTRT). In my analysis I show: (i) that TTRT agents engage in a process I call social homicide which subjects travellers to a condition of bare life; (ii) that the increasing production of border violence highlights that the convergence of securitisation and immigration enforcement is a praxis of anti-Blackness and Islamophobia; (iii) that securitisation and exclusionary immigration policy have made use of invisibility to create and expand a permanent state of exception; and (iv) that border enforcement through securitisation is used as a mechanism for the surveillance and control of social movements inside the United States. Given the limited public information on TTRT’s operations, this study explores the matter through a case study of Abdikadir Mohamed’s 2017 encounter with the unit, his subsequent immigration proceedings, and the FOIA lawsuit filed against CBP for more information on the TTRT.
{"title":"The securitisation of immigration through the Tactical Terrorism Response Team","authors":"D. Chevalier","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2229618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2229618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article considers a significant stage in the convergence of US counterterrorism policy and immigration enforcement exemplified by the emergence of a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) unit known as the Tactical Terrorism Response Team (TTRT). In my analysis I show: (i) that TTRT agents engage in a process I call social homicide which subjects travellers to a condition of bare life; (ii) that the increasing production of border violence highlights that the convergence of securitisation and immigration enforcement is a praxis of anti-Blackness and Islamophobia; (iii) that securitisation and exclusionary immigration policy have made use of invisibility to create and expand a permanent state of exception; and (iv) that border enforcement through securitisation is used as a mechanism for the surveillance and control of social movements inside the United States. Given the limited public information on TTRT’s operations, this study explores the matter through a case study of Abdikadir Mohamed’s 2017 encounter with the unit, his subsequent immigration proceedings, and the FOIA lawsuit filed against CBP for more information on the TTRT.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"4 1","pages":"537 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2231717
L. Rogers
in an oversimplification that fails to consider the differing intellectual, experiential, and ideological roots of different forms (379). Saudi-Indonesia bilateral relations, especially co-operation on counterterrorism strategies and programmes, are discussed in Chapter 10. This bilateral cooperation began in 2014, when the Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) was signed between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, and other Middle Eastern countries. The DCA covers training, education, counterterrorism, and defence industry cooperation. Signed by Saudi Deputy Defense Minister Prince Salman bin Sultan Al Saud and Indonesian Deputy Minister of Defense Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, it is arguably the first agreement of its sort (397). Overall, the book argues that collaboration on combating terrorism is important for both countries and fruitful for both sides. For Indonesia, where counterterrorism lessons can be learned, many issues lie in the actions of the central government, the societal factors that have enabled it, and the precarious state of “success” against terrorism. As for Saudi Arabia, the ruling family has been central in orchestrating changes in public sectors and fighting terrorism by reforming the government bureaucracy, cutting its connection with religious radical factions, and replacing the religious conservatives with moderates in religious, cultural, and educational institutions (409). This book is recommended for those who would like to understand better the struggles over counterterrorism in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. It may serve as a starting point for those seeking to prevent and overcome terrorism in other parts of the world and broaden readers’ perspectives on the similarities and differences in two Muslim majority countries and the lessons that can be taken from their experiences. The key contribution lies in its comparative approach, with a focus primarily on Islamist terrorism, although other forms of terrorism are also discussed. Al Qurtuby provides a critical assessment for academic and non-academic communities alike, in a field that has overstated and dramatised the central role and contributions of ideology as the locomotive of the Islamist terrorism carriage without sufficiently considering the plurality of agency (terrorist actors) and the multiple complex roots of terrorism and violent extremism.
{"title":"Pastels and Pedophiles: Inside the mind of QAnon","authors":"L. Rogers","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2231717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2231717","url":null,"abstract":"in an oversimplification that fails to consider the differing intellectual, experiential, and ideological roots of different forms (379). Saudi-Indonesia bilateral relations, especially co-operation on counterterrorism strategies and programmes, are discussed in Chapter 10. This bilateral cooperation began in 2014, when the Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) was signed between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, and other Middle Eastern countries. The DCA covers training, education, counterterrorism, and defence industry cooperation. Signed by Saudi Deputy Defense Minister Prince Salman bin Sultan Al Saud and Indonesian Deputy Minister of Defense Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, it is arguably the first agreement of its sort (397). Overall, the book argues that collaboration on combating terrorism is important for both countries and fruitful for both sides. For Indonesia, where counterterrorism lessons can be learned, many issues lie in the actions of the central government, the societal factors that have enabled it, and the precarious state of “success” against terrorism. As for Saudi Arabia, the ruling family has been central in orchestrating changes in public sectors and fighting terrorism by reforming the government bureaucracy, cutting its connection with religious radical factions, and replacing the religious conservatives with moderates in religious, cultural, and educational institutions (409). This book is recommended for those who would like to understand better the struggles over counterterrorism in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. It may serve as a starting point for those seeking to prevent and overcome terrorism in other parts of the world and broaden readers’ perspectives on the similarities and differences in two Muslim majority countries and the lessons that can be taken from their experiences. The key contribution lies in its comparative approach, with a focus primarily on Islamist terrorism, although other forms of terrorism are also discussed. Al Qurtuby provides a critical assessment for academic and non-academic communities alike, in a field that has overstated and dramatised the central role and contributions of ideology as the locomotive of the Islamist terrorism carriage without sufficiently considering the plurality of agency (terrorist actors) and the multiple complex roots of terrorism and violent extremism.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"45 1","pages":"582 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75738833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2234708
Sadi Shanaah
ABSTRACT In this article, I propose a theoretical framework that provides a new perspective on the variation and contestation of P/CVE (Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism) policies in the world. Drawing on the public policy literature, I argue that P/CVE emerged in response to the policy problem of terrorism, but then absorbed other types of counter-extremism policies centred on policy problems of anti-system activism and separatism. Each of these policy problems tends to attach to different policy goals, means, and instruments and targets different levels of population, which results in implementation differences. I also argue that the choice of counter-extremism policy instruments and their calibration reflects the dominant tendency towards either human-centric or state-centric security paradigms, which further adds to the diversity of what is today indiscriminately labelled as P/CVE.
{"title":"Explaining the variation and contestation of P/CVE policies around the world: a public policy approach","authors":"Sadi Shanaah","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2234708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2234708","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, I propose a theoretical framework that provides a new perspective on the variation and contestation of P/CVE (Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism) policies in the world. Drawing on the public policy literature, I argue that P/CVE emerged in response to the policy problem of terrorism, but then absorbed other types of counter-extremism policies centred on policy problems of anti-system activism and separatism. Each of these policy problems tends to attach to different policy goals, means, and instruments and targets different levels of population, which results in implementation differences. I also argue that the choice of counter-extremism policy instruments and their calibration reflects the dominant tendency towards either human-centric or state-centric security paradigms, which further adds to the diversity of what is today indiscriminately labelled as P/CVE.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"124 1","pages":"475 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89269896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2231719
S. Groothuis
{"title":"Islamophobia and securitisation: the Dutch case","authors":"S. Groothuis","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2231719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2231719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"99 1","pages":"586 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83555269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2231716
Firmanda Taufiq
{"title":"Terrorism and counter-terrorism in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia","authors":"Firmanda Taufiq","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2231716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2231716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"1 1","pages":"580 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89802630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2221550
Cécile Druey
ABSTRACT The hostage-taking by Chechen combatants in the Russian town of Budennovsk (1995) marked a turning point in the first Chechnya War (1994–96) and has left deep marks on the consciousness of Russians and Chechens representatives and civil society. It is referred to in Russian accounts as the first large-scale terrorist attack by Chechen groups in Russia. Based on today’s memories of “Budennovsk”, collected from open source materials, this article deconstructs and contextualises the conflicting narratives of the key actors involved. The analysis of the memories reveals the clashing attitudes regarding the legitimacy or condemnation of the use of force, and evaluates their significance in the political context of contemporary Russia. In a next step, this should allow to draw conclusions about the conceptual connection between memory, narrative and conflict.
{"title":"Is a use of force appropriate? Clashing memories of the Budennovsk hostage crisis (1995)","authors":"Cécile Druey","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2221550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2221550","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hostage-taking by Chechen combatants in the Russian town of Budennovsk (1995) marked a turning point in the first Chechnya War (1994–96) and has left deep marks on the consciousness of Russians and Chechens representatives and civil society. It is referred to in Russian accounts as the first large-scale terrorist attack by Chechen groups in Russia. Based on today’s memories of “Budennovsk”, collected from open source materials, this article deconstructs and contextualises the conflicting narratives of the key actors involved. The analysis of the memories reveals the clashing attitudes regarding the legitimacy or condemnation of the use of force, and evaluates their significance in the political context of contemporary Russia. In a next step, this should allow to draw conclusions about the conceptual connection between memory, narrative and conflict.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"50 1","pages":"501 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72797912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2221551
D. Rogers, Nicholas Nelson, J. Battersby
ABSTRACT In the aftermath of major terrorist attacks, governments create public inquiries to establish the facts of the matter, expose those facts to public scrutiny, find fault, allocate blame, ensure accountability, and restore public confidence. Yet few studies pay close attention to these responses as a practice of remedial intervention into official counterterrorism efforts. Based on our examination of New Zealand’s Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Terrorist Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019, we argue that two contending approaches to national security shaped the inquiry’s design and informed its conduct. On the one hand, an established whole-of-government approach produced design features that led the inquiry to reproduce the orthodox logic of security professionals and entrench existing security policy and practices. On the other hand, a revisionist approach sought to use the inquiry as a means of furthering the Government’s social cohesion policy agenda and to strengthen democratic protections for minority groups. However, the implementation of the inquiry’s recommendations reveals a deep commitment to the whole-of-government approach to national security, which appears to co-opt civil society representatives and marginalise dissenting voices. This, in our view, leaves New Zealand society little better off when it comes to understanding the nature and scale of the threat posed by terrorism or responding to a diverse array of other security challenges.
{"title":"Public inquiries on counterterrorism: New Zealand’s experience","authors":"D. Rogers, Nicholas Nelson, J. Battersby","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2221551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2221551","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the aftermath of major terrorist attacks, governments create public inquiries to establish the facts of the matter, expose those facts to public scrutiny, find fault, allocate blame, ensure accountability, and restore public confidence. Yet few studies pay close attention to these responses as a practice of remedial intervention into official counterterrorism efforts. Based on our examination of New Zealand’s Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Terrorist Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019, we argue that two contending approaches to national security shaped the inquiry’s design and informed its conduct. On the one hand, an established whole-of-government approach produced design features that led the inquiry to reproduce the orthodox logic of security professionals and entrench existing security policy and practices. On the other hand, a revisionist approach sought to use the inquiry as a means of furthering the Government’s social cohesion policy agenda and to strengthen democratic protections for minority groups. However, the implementation of the inquiry’s recommendations reveals a deep commitment to the whole-of-government approach to national security, which appears to co-opt civil society representatives and marginalise dissenting voices. This, in our view, leaves New Zealand society little better off when it comes to understanding the nature and scale of the threat posed by terrorism or responding to a diverse array of other security challenges.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"22 1","pages":"452 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75892471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2023.2218156
Jade Hutchinson
ABSTRACT The idea that violent extremists inhabit an “ecosystem” of interrelated online spaces has been popularised by both scholars and practitioners in recent years. Drawing from the natural sciences, terrorism and extremism studies has sought to capitalise on the conceptual potential of ecology to understand otherwise perplexing natural and artificial environments. Yet, despite its popularisation, there remain fundamental gaps in understanding the benefits and limits of using ecology to analyse extremist communities dwelling in cyberspace. To be applied in a rigorous manner, it is essential that the intellectual tradition and tenets that underpin ecology in the natural and social sciences be explained. Since its conception in biology, this article presents a historical and conceptual exploration of ecology to explain the lessons, opportunities, and limits it presents scholars and practitioners in terrorism and extremism studies today. This article provides the first systematic, genealogical overview of how ecology has evolved from the study of plant communities to become relevant in far-right extremism studies. This article provides foundational knowledge and lessons for moving disciplinary research and policy work forward, and offers guidance on how future studies can use ecology in a more rigorous and consistent manner.
{"title":"From flowers to far-right extremists: A genealogy of ecology in terrorism and extremism studies","authors":"Jade Hutchinson","doi":"10.1080/17539153.2023.2218156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2023.2218156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The idea that violent extremists inhabit an “ecosystem” of interrelated online spaces has been popularised by both scholars and practitioners in recent years. Drawing from the natural sciences, terrorism and extremism studies has sought to capitalise on the conceptual potential of ecology to understand otherwise perplexing natural and artificial environments. Yet, despite its popularisation, there remain fundamental gaps in understanding the benefits and limits of using ecology to analyse extremist communities dwelling in cyberspace. To be applied in a rigorous manner, it is essential that the intellectual tradition and tenets that underpin ecology in the natural and social sciences be explained. Since its conception in biology, this article presents a historical and conceptual exploration of ecology to explain the lessons, opportunities, and limits it presents scholars and practitioners in terrorism and extremism studies today. This article provides the first systematic, genealogical overview of how ecology has evolved from the study of plant communities to become relevant in far-right extremism studies. This article provides foundational knowledge and lessons for moving disciplinary research and policy work forward, and offers guidance on how future studies can use ecology in a more rigorous and consistent manner.","PeriodicalId":46483,"journal":{"name":"Critical Studies on Terrorism","volume":"17 1","pages":"427 - 451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90759386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：