Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics最新文献

The air transportation industry is becoming an increasingly important growth factor for economic development as trade and logistics exchanges between South Korea and China continue to grow. The main objective of this article is to examine the factors that influence air trade between South Korea and 31 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019, with the aim of promoting the expansion of air trade between the two countries. The findings suggest that, with the exception of South Korea’s exports to the 31 Chinese provinces, the gross regional domestic product has a significantly positive effect. The effects of distance and personal income on total air trade, air imports and exports are notably negative and positive respectively. Furthermore, foreign direct investment has a positive impact only when South Korea exports to China. The study concludes that, enhancing the volume of air traffic between South Korea and China can be accomplished by directing investments towards inland areas that possess trade-potential, expanding airport infrastructure, and developing regional economic growth. Furthermore, it is suggested that emerging domestic markets should be under close observation due to the changes in the trade structure after the COVID 19.

The aim of this study is to construct monthly coincident and leading composite indicators for the shipping industry in Korea. The coincident and the leading indicators are computed using the generalized dynamic factor model. We use the production index of the water transport industry as the reference variable and compute the coincident indicator based on the common component of eight economic indicators. The analysis shows that the Korean shipping industry went through four business cycles during the sample period from 2007M1 to 2021M5. The leading indicator provides early signals of turning points in business cycles with a high correlation. The results suggest that the business cycle indicators present in this study may be useful diagnostic tools for understanding the timely and frequent economic state of the Korean shipping industry and its likely development in the near future.

Managing risks is crucial for efficient and resilient maritime supply chain. For Nigeria’s seaports, the sources of supply chain risks and the best practices for managing them is yet to be sufficiently understood. This paper leveraged the experiences of 67 seaport operators, cargo owners, and shipping professionals in Nigeria to delineate the robust practices in managing supply chain risks. Data collection was via the structured questionnaire and analysed descriptively. Results identified nine main sources of seaport supply chain risks with congestion within port terminals ranked the highest. In addition, six practices were considered as robust for managing seaport supply chain risks: Developing risk feedback mechanism; frequent risk assessment; risk mitigation documentation; keeping records of disruption incidents; regular cargo status update; and better stakeholder relationship management. We recommend that increased level of investment in port digital technologies and regular capacity building in supply chain risk management could be provide the relevant intervention for resilient seaport operations in Nigeria.

COVID-19 pandemic clearly demonstrates that seafarers are essential for sustaining world shipping services and global supply chain. Understanding the characteristics of supply and demand in seafarer market will be a solution for the bottleneck issues of seafarer change and shipping services. This paper explores the supply and demand of seafarer market in Korea and evaluates the effects of COVID-19 on both supply and demand sides of Korean seafarers by adopting regression models with panel data for the supply and time series data for the demand. First, this paper finds that the effects of COVID-19 are negative in the demand of Korean seafarer market even with the wider increase of tonnage of the Korean flagged ships in 2020. The demand shock seems to be resulted by the traveling restriction and stricter immigration measures to travellers after the announcement of COVID-19 pandemic. Second, supply in the regression models of panel data is affected negatively after declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic may trigger the hesitation of seafaring due to the travelling restriction and bottlenecks from seafarer changes onboard. Besides these findings, the correlation coefficients between the number of Korean seafarers of merchant ships and merchant fleet illustrate a diverse relationship between the two. The expansion of Korean ocean-going fleet is accompanied by the decrease of Korean seafarers on the Korean flag. The employment of foreign seafarers since 1992 has resulted in the continual decrease of ratings employment in the Korean flagged ships. The inflow of foreign deck officers in the Korean flagged ships after 2005 could lessen the officer deficiency caused by high separation rate of Korean deck officers. This inflow implies that seafarer market in a country not only affects global seafarer market in the world through the changes of seafarer supply and demand in the country, but is affected by the global market. The dual markets of Korean seafarers in ocean-going and coastal shipping present the following phenomena: severe aging of seafarers in coastal shipping and wider difference in welfare level of seafarers between the two. Further research on wage and career advancement of Korean seafarers would widen and deepen our understanding on seafarer market both for Korea and the rest of the world.

Among many risk assessment techniques, qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative, risk matrix is a common tool to assess risk by allocating frequency and consequence of an accident to one of the pre divided frequency and consequence categories. However, since there is no standardized way to define these categories, risk matrix with its strength of being straightforward to use and easy to interpret has inherent uncertainties including objective categorization determination and consistency of decisions on frequency and consequence among different users, which usually results in multiple risk outcomes leading to incorrect conclusion about decision making on risk initiated from accidents.

The purpose of the study is to predict a long term risk of maritime accident using a 5 × 5 probabilistic risk matrix where each category of frequency and consequence is probabilistically estimated by a Markov chain model. The proposed method to calculate accident risk is illustrated using maritime accident data over 2016–2020 years. The findings are that the most probable frequency and consequence ranges of maritime accidents will be between 182 and 235 with probability of 0.3878 and between 6.8 and 11.6 fatalities with probability of 0.3791, respectively. The expected risk value was computed as 4.6506 on a scale of 2–10. For the validation of the proposed method 90 %, 95 %, and 99 % confidence intervals were constructed which were shown to contain the predicted risk value. The probabilistic risk matrix with Markov chain approach can be applied to predicting risks in different fields of industries.

Improving the efficiency of operating activities while minimizing the impact on the environment are increasingly prioritized of seaports over stiff competition in global supply chains. Incorporating advanced technologies connected with the fourth industrial revolution, smart port has become a strategic direction towards sustainable development of modern seaports. Consequence, there have been a growing concern over smart port in both academic and practical. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis evaluating the current research of smart port derived from Web of Science. This study’s findings illustrate that there are three main research themes in the smart port literature in which digitalization and its application in smart port has been a major topic in the smart port literature. Accordingly, this study provides insights into the main trends and future research directions on smart port.

Purpose

Despite several initiatives taken by government of India since 2013 to improve the performance of major ports, growth was not as anticipated. Hence, there is a need to understand the performance of these major ports during 2013–2020 and to identify the critical challenges that affect their performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Performance analysis was conducted using Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and critical challenges were identified using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique as well as the cross-impact matrix multiplication (MICMAC).

Findings

Ten major ports in terms of operational, 12 ports in terms of service quality, and six ports in terms of financial performance have been categorised as high performers, based on the MPI values. 19 challenges affecting the performance were identified in an eight layered ISM model.

Research limitations

This research is limited to major ports of India and does not cover the non-major ports of India due to unavailability of data

Practical implications

This study will enable the port decision-makers to identify the ports which are high performers in terms of operational, service quality, and financial performance, and thereby the best practices followed across can be replicated.

Originality/value

This study explored the multi dimensions of performance of Major ports of India and there was no such study in the past. Despite the existence of performance studies in the literature, none of them explored the challenges faced by the major ports.

Air Cargo plays a key role under the global supply chain crisis brought about by COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze empirically the transport patterns and correlations of key commodities of cold chain in air cargo. We analyzed air cargo O-D data by weight for key commodities including pharmaceutical and coolchain products for top 100 airports in the last 10 years. We analyzed weighted centralities for key cold chain commodities traffic using social network analysis methodology. Whereas previous studies focused on unweighted centrality metrics, this study covered weighted centrality metrics, which represent more accurate empirical situation. The international air cargo networks for cold chain are significantly improved after COVID-19. Comparative analysis of cold chain traffic trends for top 10 international air cargo airports was also performed. The role of top 10 airports in the performance of air cargo transportation was found to be more important, especially in COVID-19 period.

The growth of last-mile delivery in developing countries is featuring the important contribution of crowdshippers. Therefore, exploring the factors affecting the intentions to stay in jobs of the crowdshippers is of great significance to maintain and sustainably develop the last-mile delivery service. Based on the Social Exchange Theory, we hypothesize that benefits (economic benefits, professional reputation, and job autonomy) and costs (risks and stress at work) have an effect on crowdshippers’ intentions to continue participating in last-mile delivery service in Vietnam. We also look for differences in motivations to stay in job between full-time and part-time workers. Survey data from 428 crowdshippers were analyzed using SmartPLS. The research findings indicate that economic benefits and work autonomy (benefits) have positive influences on intention to continue participating in crowd logistics, while risks and job stress (cost) have negative effects on the intention of crowsdhippers to continue their work. In addition, research findings also uncover that differences in motivation (perception of benefits and costs) to stay in job between full-time and part-time workers also affect their intentions. Although reputation did not show a significant impact on the crowdshippers’ intentions to continue participating in crowd logistics, it was discovered that reputation has a positive effect on full-time crowdshippers’ intentions to continue working. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that businesses increase benefits and reduce costs in job to sustain and increase the continued participation in last-mile delivery.

As smart and environmentally friendly technologies and equipment are introduced in the sea port industry, electric power consumption is expected to rapidly increase. However, there is a paucity of research on the creation of electric power management plans, specifically in relation to electric power consumption forecasting, in ports. In order to address this gap, this study forecasts future electric power consumption in Busan New Port (South Korea's largest container port) and, comparing this with the current standard electric power supply capacity, investigated the feasibility of maintaining a stable electric power supply in the future. We applied a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model trained using electric power consumption and throughput data of the last 10 years to forecast the future electric power consumption of Busan New Port. According to the results, electric power consumption is expected to increase at an annual average of 4.9 % until 2040, exceeding the predicted annual 4.7 % increase in throughput during the same period. Given these results, the current standard electric power supply capacity is forecast to reach only 35 % of demand in 2040, indicating that additional electrical power supply facilities will be needed for stable port operation in the future.