Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics最新文献

英文中文

Exploring container port connectivity in Southeast Asia: An integrated assessment approach 探索东南亚集装箱港口连通性：综合评估方法

IF 3.7 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.06.003

Ming-Jiu Hwang, Ya-Pei Huang

The Asian region has become the world's manufacturing hub due to its cost advantages, driving the development of container transportation. Recently, enterprises have favored Southeast Asia for its demographic dividend and geographical benefits. The relationships between ports are complex, and their roles are evolving. This study introduces a container port and network analysis model to explore the features of container ports and networks in Southeast Asia. Using actual route and port data, it proposes three performance indicators: Annualized Slot Capacity (ASC), Equipment Utilization, and Terminal Productivity. Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are used to develop a suitable port connectivity indicator for Southeast Asia, analyzing changes from 2020 to 2022. The study also categorizes and analyzes the characteristics of the Southeast Asian shipping network based on vessel types and includes Kaohsiung Port in the analysis for a comprehensive comparison. The findings show that the proposed port connectivity ranking differs from the LSCI, which focuses on traffic flow, due to differing indicator aspects. Some ports excel in specific networks based on vessel types. From 2020 to 2022, Vietnamese ports showed steady growth in regional networks, while Kaohsiung Port declined, needing to enhance regional cooperation and competitiveness.

亚洲地区凭借其成本优势成为世界制造业中心，带动了集装箱运输的发展。近年来，东南亚因其人口红利和地理优势而受到企业青睐。港口之间的关系很复杂，它们的角色也在不断演变。本研究引入货柜港口及网络分析模型，探讨东南亚货柜港口及网络的特点。根据实际路由和端口数据，提出了三个性能指标：年度槽位容量（Annualized Slot Capacity， ASC）、设备利用率（Equipment Utilization）和终端生产率（Terminal Productivity）。使用社会网络分析（SNA）和主成分分析（PCA）来制定适合东南亚的港口连通性指标，分析2020年至2022年的变化。本研究亦以船型分类分析东南亚航运网络的特点，并将高雄港纳入分析范围，以作全面比较。研究结果表明，由于指标方面的不同，所提出的港口连通性排名与关注交通流量的LSCI有所不同。一些港口在基于船舶类型的特定网络中表现出色。从2020年到2022年，越南港口在区域网络中稳步增长，而高雄港则有所下降，需要加强区域合作和竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of the China effect and global financial crisis on Korea’s shipping industry, 2004–2010 中国效应与全球金融危机对韩国航运业的影响(2004-2010

IF 3.7 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.06.002

S. June Kim

The Korean shipping industry, which had been striving to recover from the Asian Financial Crisis, underwent significant quantitative expansion between 2004 and 2008. This growth was largely fueled by the so-called “China Effect,” which generated a global shipping boom, during which an average of 20 new ocean-going shipping companies were founded annually in Korea. However, the waning of the China Effect in 2008, compounded by the global financial crisis, triggered a renewed downturn in the industry. Drawing on previously unreleased application data submitted to the Korea Shipowners’ Association, this paper analyzes the dynamics and characteristics of Korea’s shipping boom during the China-led surge and examines the industry's response to the subsequent crisis between 2008 and 2010. The findings shed light on the structural factors behind Korea’s emergence as a global maritime power and provide a historical foundation for future quantitative research on post-2010 developments.

从外汇危机中恢复过来的韩国航运业在2004年至2008年期间经历了大规模的数量扩张。这一增长主要得益于“中国效应”。在此期间，韩国平均每年新成立20家远洋航运公司，掀起了全球航运业的热潮。然而，2008年中国效应减弱，再加上全球金融危机，引发了该行业新一轮的低迷。根据提交给韩国船东协会（Korea Shipowners’Association）的未公开申请数据，本文分析了在中国主导的航运业激增期间韩国航运业繁荣的动态和特征，并考察了该行业对随后2008年至2010年危机的反应。研究结果揭示了韩国崛起为全球海洋大国背后的结构性因素，并为未来对2010年后发展的定量研究提供了历史基础。

引用次数: 0

Determinants of air cargo volumes within airport networks: Insights from an augmented gravity model with economic distance and geographic threshold effects 机场网络中航空货运量的决定因素：从具有经济距离和地理阈值效应的增强重力模型的见解

IF 3.7 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.06.004

Zhen Wu , Po-Lin Lai , Pairach Piboonrungroj , Hao Guo

This study analyzed the determinants of air cargo volumes between airports using an augmented gravity model. Data from 115 airport pairs in China spanning 2009–2020 were utilized. The findings reveal that economic disparity significantly influences air cargo volumes, with greater economic differences between airports' host cities leading to reduced cargo flows. Geographic distance also plays a crucial role and exhibits a nonlinear effect. By extending the panel gravity model into a threshold regression model, this study finds that when the distance is less than 430 km, air cargo connectivity weakens as the distance increases. Beyond 430 km, however, geographic distance positively impacts air cargo volumes, indicating that air cargo frequency increases with longer distances. Population size in airport host cities affects cargo volumes, with departure city populations having a stronger influence. Additionally, airport-specific factors such as available tonnage, flight schedules, and regular shift load factors are significant determinants, with the regular shift load factor being particularly impactful. By incorporating time-varying economic distances and geographic threshold effects, this study improves upon the traditional gravity model, offering a more nuanced approach for analyzing airport cargo flows. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to better understand the factors influencing air cargo volumes and implement effective strategies to foster sustainable growth in the air cargo industry.

本研究使用增强重力模型分析机场间航空货运量的决定因素。利用了2009-2020年间中国115个机场对的数据。研究结果显示，经济差异显著影响航空货运量，机场所在城市之间的经济差异越大，导致货运量减少。地理距离也起着至关重要的作用，并表现出非线性效应。通过将面板重力模型扩展为阈值回归模型，研究发现当距离小于430 km时，航空货运连通性随着距离的增加而减弱。然而，超过430 公里的地理距离对航空货运量有积极影响，表明航空货运频率随着距离的增加而增加。机场主办城市人口规模影响货运量，其中始发城市人口影响更大。此外，机场特定因素，如可用吨位、航班时刻表和定期轮班负荷因素是重要的决定因素，其中定期轮班负荷因素尤其具有影响力。通过结合时变经济距离和地理阈值效应，本研究改进了传统的重力模型，为分析机场货流提供了更细致的方法。研究结果为政策制定者提供了宝贵的见解，使他们能够更好地了解影响航空货运量的因素，并实施有效的策略，以促进航空货运业的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative intermodal transportation business models for perishables: A scoping review 易腐货物的创新多式联运商业模式：范围审查

IF 3.7 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.07.002

María del Carmen García Barranco, Juan Carlos Pérez Mesa, Jesús Hernández Rubio

This paper presents a scoping review of the literature on innovative business models (BM) in the context of intermodal transport of perishable goods, with a particular focus on short sea shipping (SSS). It explores the ongoing reluctance of supply chain stakeholders to adopt modal shift strategies, despite well-documented environmental and social benefits. To address this challenge, the study proposes the BM concept as a strategic and operational tool to bridge the gap between vision and implementation, particularly within the agri-food sector, where supply chain management is critical. The review reveals a strong prevalence of BM oriented toward digitalization and collaboration to enhance intermodal logistics. However, it also identifies a notable gap in models that address externality reduction and improvements in service quality. Those two dimensions are especially relevant for the successful implementation of intermodal solutions for perishable products.

本文对易腐货物多式联运背景下的创新商业模式（BM）的文献进行了范围审查，特别关注短途海运（SSS）。它探讨了供应链利益相关者不愿意采取模式转变战略，尽管有充分的环境和社会效益。为了应对这一挑战，该研究提出了BM概念作为一种战略和操作工具，以弥合愿景与实施之间的差距，特别是在供应链管理至关重要的农业食品部门。该综述揭示了以数字化和协作为导向的BM的强大流行，以增强多式联运物流。然而，它也指出了解决外部性减少和服务质量改进的模型的显著差距。这两个方面对于易腐产品的多式联运解决方案的成功实施尤为重要。

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the competitive structure of the grain terminal in the West Coast region of South Korea 韩国西海岸地区粮食码头竞争结构分析

IF 3.7 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.06.001

Maria Listan Bernal, Young-Seo Choi, Margarita Krivoshapkina, Gi-Tae Yeo

This study aimed to analyze the competition structure of grain terminals in the West Coast region of South Korea. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), shift-share analysis, and Boston consulting group (BCG) Matrix approaches were used in this study. The results showed that grain terminals in Incheon, such as Hanjin, CJ Korea Express, Daehan Silo, and Korea TBT, did not attain the positive handling level of the Taeyoung Grain Terminal located in Pyeongtaek Dangjin port and outstanding gains of Sun Kwang (Gunsan) grain terminal. The results of this study have implications for the establishment of government policies such as the construction of additional grain terminals and repair of existing facilities.

本研究旨在分析韩国西海岸地区粮食码头的竞争结构。本研究采用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数（HHI）、偏移份额分析和波士顿咨询集团（BCG）矩阵方法。结果显示，韩进、CJ大韩通运、大韩仓仓、韩国TBT等仁川地区的粮食码头，没有达到平泽唐津港太荣粮食码头的积极处理水平，也没有达到善光（群山）粮食码头的突出表现。本研究的结果对政府政策的制定，如建设额外的粮食码头和修复现有设施具有启示意义。

引用次数: 0

Orchestrating agile omnichannel supply chain planning through big data analytics and end-to-end visibility 通过大数据分析和端到端可见性，协调敏捷的全渠道供应链规划

IF 3.3 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.05.002

Ting Kai Ooi , Cheng-Hsien Hsieh , Shu-Mei Wang , Yu-Kai Huang

Global supply chains become increasingly complex due to various uncertainties associated with the constant flux. With more firms engaging in global trade, reaping the benefits of offshoring and outsourcing a multitude of business functions worldwide, the increasing complexity continuously tests each company’s supply chain resilience and agility. The advent of e-commerce makes omnichannel more critical for traditional retailers. Omnichannel supply chains introduce an increased operational complexity to the information flows than that of traditional supply chains, including the need to coordinate numerous sales channels, multiple net-work nodes and decentralised inventory. A lack of end-to-end visibility of information flows can result in poor demand-supply matching and eventually cause service loss concerning stockouts. Accordingly, this study uses big data analytics to explore the relationship between forecast accuracy and visibility. A company in the fast-moving consumer goods industry centred on the Association of South-east Asian Nations region is employed as the empirical case. Not only determining correlations between the transmitted forecasts and actual supply needs but also insights into the growing emphasis on the omnichannel supply chain are discussed. Analytical results indicate that end-to-end visibility of information is highly correlated with forecast accuracy of demand, supply and production planning. The developed framework assists businesses in understanding the complexities of omnichannel operations and the benefits of information consolidation. This enhances businesses’ predictive analytics capabilities to facilitate supply chain planning and thus improve overall supply chain agility.

由于不断变化的各种不确定性，全球供应链变得越来越复杂。随着越来越多的公司参与全球贸易，在全球范围内获得离岸和外包众多业务功能的好处，日益增加的复杂性不断考验着每个公司的供应链弹性和敏捷性。电子商务的出现使得全渠道对传统零售商来说更加重要。与传统供应链相比，全渠道供应链增加了信息流的操作复杂性，包括需要协调众多销售渠道、多个网络节点和分散库存。信息流的端到端可见性的缺乏可能导致需求-供应匹配不良，并最终导致与缺货有关的服务损失。因此，本研究使用大数据分析来探讨预测准确性与可见性之间的关系。本文以东南亚国家联盟（asean）地区为中心，选取一家快速消费品行业的公司作为实证案例。不仅确定传递的预测与实际供应需求之间的相关性，而且还讨论了对日益强调的全渠道供应链的见解。分析结果表明，信息的端到端可见性与需求、供应和生产计划的预测准确性高度相关。开发的框架帮助企业理解全渠道操作的复杂性和信息整合的好处。这增强了企业的预测分析能力，以促进供应链规划，从而提高整个供应链的敏捷性。

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引用次数: 0

A study on fuzzy-AHP analysis for carbon neutrality in container terminals in Korea 韩国集装箱码头碳中和的模糊层次分析法研究

IF 3.3 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.02.003

Hyun-Woo Kim , Yong-Seok Choi , Jae-Eun Lee

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative importance of determinants that should be considered first in order for container terminals to realize carbon neutrality and become an eco-friendly port. Three upper determinants and 12 lower determinants were derived through the two-stage Delphi survey to derive questionnaire items. The factors determined by the container terminal operation experts were surveyed, and priorities were identified using the Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process(Fuzzy-AHP) technique. As a result, the importance of the top three priority factors was evaluated in the order of improvement of laws and systems, energy efficiency, and low-carbon infrastructure construction, confirming that to realize carbon neutrality at container terminals, it was necessary to first consider improving laws and systems that reflected realistic problems. According to the results of the priority analysis, the introduction of energy-saving equipment, the introduction of the AMP mandatory system, the provision of incentives to realize carbon neutrality, the establishment and implementation of low-carbon port policies, and the implementation of carbon-bearing regulatory measures, which are sub-factors of legal and institutional improvement, which were the highest importance of the top factors, ranked 2nd to 5th.

本研究的目的是调查集装箱码头实现碳中和并成为环保港口应首先考虑的决定因素的相对重要性。通过两阶段德尔菲调查，推导出3个上决定因素和12个下决定因素。对集装箱码头运营专家确定的影响因素进行了调查，并利用模糊层次分析法（Fuzzy-AHP）确定优先级。因此，按照完善法律制度、提高能效、低碳基础设施建设的顺序，对前三个优先因素的重要性进行了评价，确认要实现集装箱码头的碳中和，首先要考虑完善反映现实问题的法律制度。根据优先度分析的结果，节能设备的引进、AMP强制性制度的引入、实现碳中和的激励措施的提供、低碳港口政策的制定和实施、含碳监管措施的实施是法律和制度完善的子因素，在top因素中重要性最高，排名第2 - 5位。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative evaluation of machine learning approaches for container freight rates prediction 集装箱运价预测机器学习方法的比较评价

IF 3.3 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.05.001

Namhun Kim , Junhee Cha , Junwoo Jeon

This study evaluates the predictive performance of four models—Decision Tree, Random Forest, Prophet, and LSTM—in forecasting container freight rates, a key metric for strategic decision-making in the shipping industry. To address data heterogeneity, Min-Max normalization was applied, and the Johansen co-integration test confirmed long-term relationships among the variables, justifying the use of raw data in our analysis. Performance was assessed using MSE, RMSE, NMSE, MAE, MAPE and SMAPE. While both Decision Tree and Random Forest models yielded lower absolute errors compared to LSTM and Prophet, the Decision Tree model demonstrated superior relative accuracy, outperforming Random Forest by approximately 91.8 % on the USWC route, 52.1 % on USEC, 43.5 % on MED, and 22.7 % on NEUR. These findings highlight the robustness of the Decision Tree model for container freight rate forecasting under volatile market conditions.

本研究评估了四种模型（决策树、随机森林、先知和lstm）在预测集装箱运价（航运业战略决策的关键指标）方面的预测性能。为了解决数据的异质性，我们应用了最小-最大归一化，并通过约翰森协整检验证实了变量之间的长期关系，证明了在我们的分析中使用原始数据是合理的。使用MSE、RMSE、NMSE、MAE、MAPE和SMAPE对性能进行评估。虽然决策树和随机森林模型的绝对误差都低于LSTM和Prophet，但决策树模型表现出更高的相对准确性，在USWC路线上优于随机森林约91.8 %，在USEC路线上优于52.1 %，在MED路线上优于43.5 %，在NEUR路线上优于22.7 %。这些发现突出了决策树模型在波动市场条件下集装箱运价预测的稳健性。

引用次数: 0

Factors affecting the safety climate of the ship's crew: Empirical evidence from shipping companies in Indonesia 影响船员安全气候的因素：来自印度尼西亚航运公司的经验证据

IF 3.3 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.02.001

Larsen Barasa, Marihot Simanjuntak , Budi Wahyu Syafitra

This research examines the factors that influence the safety climate in the maritime industry, focusing on employee competence, use of safety equipment, and safety training in Indonesian shipping companies. The research proposes that variations in ship operations contribute to different levels of difficulty and quality of work, with implications for a varying safety climate. The analysis technique used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with 4 dimensional indicators namely competence, use of safety tools, safety training, and safety climate. The results showed that there is a positive and significant influence between employee competence, use of safety equipment, and safety training on the safety climate in Shipping Companies in Indonesia. The findings indicate the importance of investing in comprehensive safety training and the provision of adequate safety equipment as key factors in improving the safety climate for policy making in the maritime industry to create a safe and productive work environment.

本研究考察了影响海运业安全气候的因素，重点关注印尼航运公司的员工能力、安全设备的使用和安全培训。研究表明，船舶操作的变化会导致工作难度和质量的不同，从而影响不同的安全气候。分析技术采用探索性因子分析（EFA）和普通最小二乘（OLS）回归，并采用4个维度指标，即能力、安全工具的使用、安全培训和安全气候。结果显示，员工能力、安全设备的使用和安全培训对印尼航运公司的安全气候有显著的正向影响。调查结果表明，投资于全面的安全培训和提供足够的安全设备是改善海运业决策安全环境以创造安全和富有成效的工作环境的关键因素。

引用次数: 0

The analysis of gaps in inter-organizational networks of international freight forwarders 国际货运代理组织间网络的缺口分析

IF 3.3 Q2 TRANSPORTATION

Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2025.02.002

Hee-Sung Bae

This study analyzes the gaps in inter-organizational network between market uncertainty (MU) and organizational uncertainty (OU) within the international freight forwarding industry in Korea. The measurement factors are developed based on previous studies. 54 questionnaires were completed by Korean international freight forwarders. Reliability of the data is identified by factor analysis, and the validity is tested by Cronbach’s alpha. The hypothesis is verified as follows: the sample firms are classified into four clusters by cluster analysis on the basis of MU and OU, the gaps in inter-organizational network among the four clusters are tested by analysis of variance, and real gaps are identified by post hoc analysis. The results indicated a high level of inter-organizational network among clusters with both a high level and a low level of MU and OU. International freight forwarders in these clusters maintained long-term and collaborative relationships with partners through their networks. Therefore, multinational enterprises (MNEs) seeking to enter the market may benefit from forming a network with Korean international freight forwarders through agency contracts rather than through foreign direct investment (FDI).

本研究分析了韩国国际货代行业组织间网络中市场不确定性（MU）与组织不确定性（OU）之间的差距。测量因子是在前人研究的基础上发展起来的。54份问卷由韩国国际货运代理完成。采用因子分析确定数据的信度，采用Cronbach’s alpha检验数据的效度。对假设进行了验证：基于MU和OU的聚类分析将样本企业分为四类，通过方差分析检验四类企业间组织间网络的差距，并通过事后分析识别实际差距。结果表明，集群间的组织间网络水平较高，集群间的组织间网络水平也较低；这些集群中的国际货运代理通过其网络与合作伙伴保持长期的合作关系。因此，寻求进入市场的跨国企业（MNEs）可能会受益于通过代理合同而不是通过外国直接投资（FDI）与韩国国际货运代理形成网络。

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