Q~, N December 8 of 1930, Homer Thompson began a new archaeological investigation of the ancient Athenian Pnyx. Excavation within the assembly place proper would continue until June 13 of the following year, supervised by Thompson and sponsored and advised by Konstantinos Kourouniotes, then Director of the Greek Archaeological Service, who had sunk test trenches into the site earlier in the century. Although subsequent years saw further excavation on the hill, the only additional work done within the assembly place was conservation of walls and redistribution of fill to provide a more vivid picture of the monument's original appearance. Thompson's six months of work, analyzed and reported in detail in the first number of Hesperia year later,1 form the basis for the modern conception of the meeting place of the Athenian Assembly. Kourouniotes and Thompson presented evidence for three distinct periods of the assembly place: the original phase, arranged in the normal manner of a theater, with the seating on the natural slope of the hill; and two subsequent phases in which the orientation of the structure had been reversed. Epigraphical and literary evidence place the first phase in the first half of the 5th century, and construction of the second phase can be dated near the end of the 5th century on the basis of pottery recovered from the associated fill.2 The chronology of the last phase, however, has proven a thorny problem. Here, too, the primary evidence is pottery from the fill that was brought in to raise the level of the auditorium; but the story told by that pottery is anything but straightforward. The excavators encountered the fill of Period III almost everywhere they dug within the auditorium. They extracted about 150 baskets of pottery from their trenches, most of it dating within the 4th century B.C. But a fairly substantial minority of the material12 baskets (8%)-was Roman, and Roman lamps accounted for about 80 (13%) of the 600 lamps found. They noted that Roman material was concentrated in the area behind the megalithic wall that retained the fill, at the northern ends of their trenches A, C, and D (Fig. 1), but its position, deep below the surface and sometimes lying on the bedrock itself, persuaded them that it was not intrusive, and they therefore concluded that the third phase of the monument was of Roman date. Additional support for this conclusion came from comparisons between the megalithic retaining wall and Roman masonry in Athens, and
{"title":"The Date of the Third Period of the PNYX","authors":"S. Rotroff, J. Camp","doi":"10.2307/148378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148378","url":null,"abstract":"Q~, N December 8 of 1930, Homer Thompson began a new archaeological investigation of the ancient Athenian Pnyx. Excavation within the assembly place proper would continue until June 13 of the following year, supervised by Thompson and sponsored and advised by Konstantinos Kourouniotes, then Director of the Greek Archaeological Service, who had sunk test trenches into the site earlier in the century. Although subsequent years saw further excavation on the hill, the only additional work done within the assembly place was conservation of walls and redistribution of fill to provide a more vivid picture of the monument's original appearance. Thompson's six months of work, analyzed and reported in detail in the first number of Hesperia year later,1 form the basis for the modern conception of the meeting place of the Athenian Assembly. Kourouniotes and Thompson presented evidence for three distinct periods of the assembly place: the original phase, arranged in the normal manner of a theater, with the seating on the natural slope of the hill; and two subsequent phases in which the orientation of the structure had been reversed. Epigraphical and literary evidence place the first phase in the first half of the 5th century, and construction of the second phase can be dated near the end of the 5th century on the basis of pottery recovered from the associated fill.2 The chronology of the last phase, however, has proven a thorny problem. Here, too, the primary evidence is pottery from the fill that was brought in to raise the level of the auditorium; but the story told by that pottery is anything but straightforward. The excavators encountered the fill of Period III almost everywhere they dug within the auditorium. They extracted about 150 baskets of pottery from their trenches, most of it dating within the 4th century B.C. But a fairly substantial minority of the material12 baskets (8%)-was Roman, and Roman lamps accounted for about 80 (13%) of the 600 lamps found. They noted that Roman material was concentrated in the area behind the megalithic wall that retained the fill, at the northern ends of their trenches A, C, and D (Fig. 1), but its position, deep below the surface and sometimes lying on the bedrock itself, persuaded them that it was not intrusive, and they therefore concluded that the third phase of the monument was of Roman date. Additional support for this conclusion came from comparisons between the megalithic retaining wall and Roman masonry in Athens, and","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"48 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68664701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Athenian Ionic Capitals from the Athenian Agora","authors":"L. S. Meritt","doi":"10.2307/148455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"65 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68682282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Excavations at Mochlos, 1992-1993","authors":"J. S. Soles, C. Davaras","doi":"10.2307/148456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"65 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68683183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D URING THE 1989 SEASON, the University of Chicago conducted excavations in the early Hellenistic settlement on the ridge south of the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia (Fig. 1).1 The site is known locally as the Rachi, or ridge, and had been located and partially excavated by Professor Oscar Broneer from 1954 to 1956, after the chance discovery of a gold earring on the summit. The excavations in 1954 and 1955, supervised by Chrysoula Kardara, uncovered votive pits at the summit and structures occupying the long narrow surface of the ridge. A well and a cistern in the settlement were discovered in 1955, and excavation of those features was completed in the spring of 1956 with William B. Donovan as trenchmaster.2 The goals of the 1989 investigations on the Rachi were to reveal the plans of individual buildings and the extent and chronology of the settlement in preparation for publication of the site. Trenches were opened in three areas (Fig. 2): the central part of the settlement, the east end, and the south slope of the ridge. As a result of the work in 1989, a stratigraphic sequence is now available for the entire period of occupation of the site. Several areas not completely excavated during 1954 and 1955 were cleared, and new buildings were discovered at the east end and along the south slope. This report is intended to serve as
在1989年的季节，芝加哥大学在地峡波塞冬神庙南部山脊上的早期希腊化定居点进行了挖掘(图1)这个地方在当地被称为Rachi，或山脊，奥斯卡·布朗纳教授在1954年至1956年期间在山顶偶然发现了一个金耳环，之后对它进行了定位和部分挖掘。1954年和1955年，在Chrysoula Kardara的监督下，挖掘工作发现了山顶的祈祷坑和占据山脊狭长的表面的结构。1955年，人们在定居地发现了一口井和一个蓄水池，1956年春天，威廉·b·多诺万(William B. Donovan)担任沟渠负责人，完成了对这些特征的挖掘1989年对Rachi进行调查的目的是揭示单个建筑物的平面图以及定居点的范围和年代，为该地点的出版做准备。在三个区域(图2)开辟了壕沟:聚落的中部、东端和山脊的南坡。由于1989年的工作，现在可以获得该遗址整个占领时期的地层序列。在1954年和1955年未完全挖掘的几个地区被清除，在东端和沿南坡发现了新的建筑物。本报告旨在作为
{"title":"The University of Chicago Excavations in the Rachi Settlement at Isthmia, 1989","authors":"V. R. Anderson-Stojanovic","doi":"10.2307/148461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148461","url":null,"abstract":"D URING THE 1989 SEASON, the University of Chicago conducted excavations in the early Hellenistic settlement on the ridge south of the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia (Fig. 1).1 The site is known locally as the Rachi, or ridge, and had been located and partially excavated by Professor Oscar Broneer from 1954 to 1956, after the chance discovery of a gold earring on the summit. The excavations in 1954 and 1955, supervised by Chrysoula Kardara, uncovered votive pits at the summit and structures occupying the long narrow surface of the ridge. A well and a cistern in the settlement were discovered in 1955, and excavation of those features was completed in the spring of 1956 with William B. Donovan as trenchmaster.2 The goals of the 1989 investigations on the Rachi were to reveal the plans of individual buildings and the extent and chronology of the settlement in preparation for publication of the site. Trenches were opened in three areas (Fig. 2): the central part of the settlement, the east end, and the south slope of the ridge. As a result of the work in 1989, a stratigraphic sequence is now available for the entire period of occupation of the site. Several areas not completely excavated during 1954 and 1955 were cleared, and new buildings were discovered at the east end and along the south slope. This report is intended to serve as","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"65 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68684701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etude typologique des tuiles en terre cuite et du systeme de couverture des bâtiments d'epoque phrygienne, et particulierement du 6e siecle, a Gordion (Asie Mineure)
在Gordion(小亚细亚)，弗里吉亚时期，特别是6世纪建筑中赤陶瓦和屋顶系统的类型学研究
{"title":"A mid-sixth-century tile roof system at Gordion","authors":"Matthew R. Glendinning","doi":"10.2307/148462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148462","url":null,"abstract":"Etude typologique des tuiles en terre cuite et du systeme de couverture des bâtiments d'epoque phrygienne, et particulierement du 6e siecle, a Gordion (Asie Mineure)","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"65 1","pages":"99-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68685212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T HE SETTING OF WELL U 13:1 in a complex of shops or workshops ofthe late 5th and 4th centuries B.C. to the east of the Athenian Agora, deep under the later stoa of the Library of Pantainos that lined the way to the Roman Agora, has been provided by T. Leslie ShearJr.' The terracottas from its upper fill constitute a major find, and the author is greatly indebted to Leslie Shear for this opportunity to try to explain their significance. They range stylistically from the Early Classical period to a quite advanced phase of the Rich Style, chronologically probably from ca. 470-460 B.C. down to a little before the filling of the well shaft itself, placed in ca. 380 B.C. or, at latest, no lower than the 3 70's on conventional ceramic chronology by Alison Adams Dickey, the last person to make a detailed study of its pottery.2 Somewhat fragmentary, these terracottas comprise elements from one archetype (the original model from which molds were taken) and a minimum of forty molds of various kinds,3 as well as parts of at least twenty-one finished figurines4 and six vases in the form of statuettes. They are all from Layer 1 of the upper fill of the well, with the following four exceptions: 1, 8, and part of 28b from Layer 2; 4 from Layer 5. These exceptions, however, tend to confirm the impression given by the pottery that these strata in the upper fill may be of similar source and date. Certainly the other fragments of 28 are from Layer 1, including one making a direct join with that from Layer 2. Also, more tentatively, one may hesitate to separate the Layer 5 mold, 4, from the apparently related contemporary mold from Layer 1, 5. This find, the largest by far of Attic terracotta molds of this date, indicates that some of the material for these layers of the fill was probably from the vicinity of a major terracotta factory. As a result, it sheds significant new light on the way in which these figures were made, some of it quite unexpected, such as the form taken by the Rich Style archetype 3. It is also a very important body of terracottas in its own right, in particular helping to chart
井U 13:1的背景由T. Leslie ShearJr.提供。井U 13:1位于公元前5世纪末和4世纪的商店或车间的综合体中，位于雅典集市以东，位于通往罗马集市的潘泰诺斯图书馆(Library OF Pantainos)后来的地下深处。上面填埋的陶土是一个重要的发现，作者非常感谢莱斯利·希尔给我这个机会来解释它们的意义。它们的风格范围从早期古典时期到丰富风格的一个相当高级的阶段，时间上可能从公元前470-460年一直到井井本身填充之前的一点时间，大约在公元前380年，或者最迟不低于Alison Adams Dickey的传统陶瓷年表，他是最后一个对其陶器进行详细研究的人这些陶土有些残缺不全，包括一个原型(取模的原始模型)和至少40个不同类型的模型的元素，以及至少21个成品雕像和6个小雕像花瓶的部分。它们都来自井上部填充物的第1层，以下4个例外:第2层的1、8和28b部分;第5层的4。然而，这些例外情况往往证实了陶器给人的印象，即上部填埋物中的这些地层可能具有相似的来源和年代。当然，28的其他片段来自第1层，包括与第2层直接连接的片段。此外，更试探性地，人们可能会犹豫将第5层模具4与第1层，5层明显相关的当代模具分开。这一发现是迄今为止最大的阿提卡陶土模具，表明这些填充物层的一些材料可能来自一个主要的陶土工厂附近。因此，它为这些人物的制作方式提供了重要的新亮点，其中一些是意想不到的，例如Rich Style原型所采用的形式。它本身也是一个非常重要的兵马俑体，特别是有助于绘制图表
{"title":"The Stele-Goddess Workshop: Terracottas from Well U 13:1 in the Athenian Agora","authors":"R. Nicholls","doi":"10.2307/148499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148499","url":null,"abstract":"T HE SETTING OF WELL U 13:1 in a complex of shops or workshops ofthe late 5th and 4th centuries B.C. to the east of the Athenian Agora, deep under the later stoa of the Library of Pantainos that lined the way to the Roman Agora, has been provided by T. Leslie ShearJr.' The terracottas from its upper fill constitute a major find, and the author is greatly indebted to Leslie Shear for this opportunity to try to explain their significance. They range stylistically from the Early Classical period to a quite advanced phase of the Rich Style, chronologically probably from ca. 470-460 B.C. down to a little before the filling of the well shaft itself, placed in ca. 380 B.C. or, at latest, no lower than the 3 70's on conventional ceramic chronology by Alison Adams Dickey, the last person to make a detailed study of its pottery.2 Somewhat fragmentary, these terracottas comprise elements from one archetype (the original model from which molds were taken) and a minimum of forty molds of various kinds,3 as well as parts of at least twenty-one finished figurines4 and six vases in the form of statuettes. They are all from Layer 1 of the upper fill of the well, with the following four exceptions: 1, 8, and part of 28b from Layer 2; 4 from Layer 5. These exceptions, however, tend to confirm the impression given by the pottery that these strata in the upper fill may be of similar source and date. Certainly the other fragments of 28 are from Layer 1, including one making a direct join with that from Layer 2. Also, more tentatively, one may hesitate to separate the Layer 5 mold, 4, from the apparently related contemporary mold from Layer 1, 5. This find, the largest by far of Attic terracotta molds of this date, indicates that some of the material for these layers of the fill was probably from the vicinity of a major terracotta factory. As a result, it sheds significant new light on the way in which these figures were made, some of it quite unexpected, such as the form taken by the Rich Style archetype 3. It is also a very important body of terracottas in its own right, in particular helping to chart","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"64 1","pages":"405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Athenian Phylai as Associations: Disposition, Function, and Purpose","authors":"Nicholas F. Jones","doi":"10.2307/148501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"64 1","pages":"503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68699069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rich Lady of the Areiopagos and Her Contemporaries: A Tribute in Memory of Evelyn Lord Smithson","authors":"J. Coldstream","doi":"10.2307/148498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/148498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46513,"journal":{"name":"HESPERIA","volume":"64 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/148498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68697665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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