The snow avalanche has an insidious character, it can be repeated once in 100-200 years and cause great harm to the population of the mountainous region. There are many examples of damage caused by avalanches. In the 20th century, several thousand soldiers were died by avalanches in the Alps during the First World War, on the Austrian-Italian front. There are many examples of them not only in the Alps but also in the mountainous regions of Georgia. Frequently, snow avalanches block important transportation routes that connect people and countries.
In general, 56% of the territory of Georgia is covered with avalanche-prone slopes. Based on existing examples, it is important to record and study them, because snow avalanches are characterized by repetition. Examples of this are Svaneti, Racha and Mtianeti (regions of Georgia). It is worth noting the Mleta-Kazbegi section road (Georgia's military road), where there is a danger of avalanches every year, which is the subject of our research. The highway of Georgia is a transport hub of international importance. Therefore, observation of avalanches, study and carrying out various measures is a necessary prerequisite in order to avoid damage caused by avalanches.
Keywords: Mountainous regions, avalanche danger, climate, natural phenomena, transport infrastructure
{"title":"The Spread of Snow Avalanches at Transport Junctions in the Mountainous Regions of Georgia","authors":"Sophio Gorgidjanidze, Nazibrola Beglarashvili, Mikheil Pipia, Natela Kobakhidze","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p217","url":null,"abstract":"The snow avalanche has an insidious character, it can be repeated once in 100-200 years and cause great harm to the population of the mountainous region. There are many examples of damage caused by avalanches. In the 20th century, several thousand soldiers were died by avalanches in the Alps during the First World War, on the Austrian-Italian front. There are many examples of them not only in the Alps but also in the mountainous regions of Georgia. Frequently, snow avalanches block important transportation routes that connect people and countries.
 In general, 56% of the territory of Georgia is covered with avalanche-prone slopes. Based on existing examples, it is important to record and study them, because snow avalanches are characterized by repetition. Examples of this are Svaneti, Racha and Mtianeti (regions of Georgia). It is worth noting the Mleta-Kazbegi section road (Georgia's military road), where there is a danger of avalanches every year, which is the subject of our research. The highway of Georgia is a transport hub of international importance. Therefore, observation of avalanches, study and carrying out various measures is a necessary prerequisite in order to avoid damage caused by avalanches.
 Keywords: Mountainous regions, avalanche danger, climate, natural phenomena, transport infrastructure","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p198
Octavian ȘERBAN, Elena Crizantema VÎLCU (TĂNASE), Oana Matilda SABIE, Victor Marian DUMITRACHE
During the pandemic crisis it was observed that the whole global economy was affected especially by severe disruption of supply-demand balance. Even so, the most affected were low-income economies because of lack of resources to redistribute in the sake of resilience and recovery. We cannot say that the developed economies were not affected, in real terms probably much more than the lower-income ones, but developed countries or regions were capable to dislocate huge financial support to overcome the crisis and to quickly regain the level before shock. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effects of health crisis over the economy. Because four crises are overlapping (health, energy, geostrategic conflict, and food), it is quite difficult to measure the impact of each driver with accuracy. To determine the impact of those four factors is necessary to understand the dynamic of productivity and competitiveness during shocks, even though we cope with health influence, energy prices, geopolitical turbulence, or food security. All in all, partially for energy crisis, the other crises were totally unexpected, and the response of humanity, global institutions, alliances, and association of countries is customized according to the evolution of turbulences. Here is the role of government because, from the capacity building perspective, there is necessary more integration between government, research/education, and business ecosystem in order to encourage innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the main resource and key factor is knowledge embedded in every step of the process, embodied in equipment and machinery, on the one hand, and in human, on the other hand. Robotics, new materials, nanotechnologies, and digital environment give a new dimension to productivity and competitiveness. From this perspective, our goal is to demonstrate de supremacy of collaborative approach for shaping knowledge in the way of creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity, and competitiveness.
Keywords: productivity, competitiveness, crisis, sustainable development, knowledge economy
{"title":"Development of New Business Opportunities for Sustainable Development – Lesson Learned from Pandemic Crisis","authors":"Octavian ȘERBAN, Elena Crizantema VÎLCU (TĂNASE), Oana Matilda SABIE, Victor Marian DUMITRACHE","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p198","url":null,"abstract":"During the pandemic crisis it was observed that the whole global economy was affected especially by severe disruption of supply-demand balance. Even so, the most affected were low-income economies because of lack of resources to redistribute in the sake of resilience and recovery. We cannot say that the developed economies were not affected, in real terms probably much more than the lower-income ones, but developed countries or regions were capable to dislocate huge financial support to overcome the crisis and to quickly regain the level before shock. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effects of health crisis over the economy. Because four crises are overlapping (health, energy, geostrategic conflict, and food), it is quite difficult to measure the impact of each driver with accuracy. To determine the impact of those four factors is necessary to understand the dynamic of productivity and competitiveness during shocks, even though we cope with health influence, energy prices, geopolitical turbulence, or food security. All in all, partially for energy crisis, the other crises were totally unexpected, and the response of humanity, global institutions, alliances, and association of countries is customized according to the evolution of turbulences. Here is the role of government because, from the capacity building perspective, there is necessary more integration between government, research/education, and business ecosystem in order to encourage innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the main resource and key factor is knowledge embedded in every step of the process, embodied in equipment and machinery, on the one hand, and in human, on the other hand. Robotics, new materials, nanotechnologies, and digital environment give a new dimension to productivity and competitiveness. From this perspective, our goal is to demonstrate de supremacy of collaborative approach for shaping knowledge in the way of creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity, and competitiveness.
 Keywords: productivity, competitiveness, crisis, sustainable development, knowledge economy
","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p379
María del Carmen Aguilar-Luzón, Beatriz Carmona, Ana Loureiro
This work explores the emotional activation (anxiety, fear, and anger) resulting from the cognitive-emotional process related to the perception of climate change: a) when climate change is considered the result of human action (anthropogenic) and b) when climate change is considered the result of the planet’s natural activity. An experimental study was conducted with 104 participants exposed to two types of messages about the causes of climate change. The results showed that exposure to the anthropogenic influence led to greater perception of threat to humans. Moreover, the participants in the anthropogenic sample expressed more anxiety and anger (negative emotions) than did the participants believing that climate change was due to the planet’s natural activity. Fear was not significant. Additionally, we verified the differential role of emotions, depending on the type of future behavior intention: emotions act as mediators between the perception of future climate threats and future collective pro-environmental behavior action, while the perception of threat acts directly on future individual pro-environmental behavior intention.
Keywords: Global warming, negative emotions, threat perception, pro-environmental behavior intention.
{"title":"Future Actions towards Climate Change: The Role of Threat Perception and Emotions","authors":"María del Carmen Aguilar-Luzón, Beatriz Carmona, Ana Loureiro","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p379","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the emotional activation (anxiety, fear, and anger) resulting from the cognitive-emotional process related to the perception of climate change: a) when climate change is considered the result of human action (anthropogenic) and b) when climate change is considered the result of the planet’s natural activity. An experimental study was conducted with 104 participants exposed to two types of messages about the causes of climate change. The results showed that exposure to the anthropogenic influence led to greater perception of threat to humans. Moreover, the participants in the anthropogenic sample expressed more anxiety and anger (negative emotions) than did the participants believing that climate change was due to the planet’s natural activity. Fear was not significant. Additionally, we verified the differential role of emotions, depending on the type of future behavior intention: emotions act as mediators between the perception of future climate threats and future collective pro-environmental behavior action, while the perception of threat acts directly on future individual pro-environmental behavior intention.
 Keywords: Global warming, negative emotions, threat perception, pro-environmental behavior intention.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135409068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p455
Enton Duro, Ergita Kokaveshi, Klodian Muço
The present research performs the GDP per capita convergence analyses of Western Balkan (WB) countries to European Union (EU) countries. There are few testing convergence methods based on theoretical insights on the neoclassical model, however pairwise convergence method doesn’t seem usually applied in the case of WB and EU countries. The test of convergence hypothesis in this research is based on the GDP per capita’s data, constant 2017 international $ in PPP terms, made available by the World Bank. The pairwise convergence test suggested here can be considered as an extension of Webber and While (2003, 2004, 2009) methodology. The outcomes have been compared to Bernard, Durlauf (1995) and Pesaran (2006) methodology of the pairwise convergence, by adapting ADF time series tests of the stationarity. In conclusion, despite to the controversy of one pair case, the comparative process of both methods seems to be aligned. However, further investigation needs to be performed to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of this suggestion.
Keywords: GDP per capita, pairwise convergence, Western Ballkan countries, methodology
{"title":"Testing Pair-Wise Convergence of Western Balkan and European union Countries","authors":"Enton Duro, Ergita Kokaveshi, Klodian Muço","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p455","url":null,"abstract":"The present research performs the GDP per capita convergence analyses of Western Balkan (WB) countries to European Union (EU) countries. There are few testing convergence methods based on theoretical insights on the neoclassical model, however pairwise convergence method doesn’t seem usually applied in the case of WB and EU countries. The test of convergence hypothesis in this research is based on the GDP per capita’s data, constant 2017 international $ in PPP terms, made available by the World Bank. The pairwise convergence test suggested here can be considered as an extension of Webber and While (2003, 2004, 2009) methodology. The outcomes have been compared to Bernard, Durlauf (1995) and Pesaran (2006) methodology of the pairwise convergence, by adapting ADF time series tests of the stationarity. In conclusion, despite to the controversy of one pair case, the comparative process of both methods seems to be aligned. However, further investigation needs to be performed to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of this suggestion.
 Keywords: GDP per capita, pairwise convergence, Western Ballkan countries, methodology","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p321
Qijia Zou
In recent decades, addressing the environmental issues through deliberate educational interventions was optimistically seen by multiple actors, and has become a dominant discourse in current policy agendas. Since Education of Sustainable Development (ESD) is contextualized in the grand socio-political canvas, and certainly complicated in terms of its ways that came into existence and manner of expression. As we are half-way to approaching the education 2030 agenda, it’s time for us to take a step back and re-examine the ideological and political drivers. This is an important step to reflect on where the path we embark on is leading us to.
This paper aims to uncover how the ESD was shaped by the logic of neoliberalism in the first place, and how this manifested in the contemporary sustainable development education program. Next, using a rhetorical analysis along with the Hyatt’s Critical Discourse Policy Analysis Frame into the textual construction of The Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) initiative document, this article considers about how neoliberal beliefs are reversing as reasonable grounds for mainstream discourse of ESD. Ultimately, the paper argues neoliberalism has been embedded, normalized and hence concealed in the discourses and practices of sustainable development, as exemplified by DESD initiative.
Keywords: DESD; ESD; neoliberalism; sustainability citizenship
{"title":"The Sustainable Development Program with the Neoliberal Approach: A Reflection on The UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development","authors":"Qijia Zou","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p321","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, addressing the environmental issues through deliberate educational interventions was optimistically seen by multiple actors, and has become a dominant discourse in current policy agendas. Since Education of Sustainable Development (ESD) is contextualized in the grand socio-political canvas, and certainly complicated in terms of its ways that came into existence and manner of expression. As we are half-way to approaching the education 2030 agenda, it’s time for us to take a step back and re-examine the ideological and political drivers. This is an important step to reflect on where the path we embark on is leading us to.
 This paper aims to uncover how the ESD was shaped by the logic of neoliberalism in the first place, and how this manifested in the contemporary sustainable development education program. Next, using a rhetorical analysis along with the Hyatt’s Critical Discourse Policy Analysis Frame into the textual construction of The Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) initiative document, this article considers about how neoliberal beliefs are reversing as reasonable grounds for mainstream discourse of ESD. Ultimately, the paper argues neoliberalism has been embedded, normalized and hence concealed in the discourses and practices of sustainable development, as exemplified by DESD initiative.
 Keywords: DESD; ESD; neoliberalism; sustainability citizenship","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p15
Tibor Princz- Jakovics, György Ádám Horváth
The aim of the research is to establish an assessment framework for evaluating transport-related carbon emission reduction options. The reduction of fleet-related emissions must build momentum, as the transport sector remains a substantial contributor to global carbon emissions. Through the use of this framework, better supporting policy for the transition of public service vehicle fleets to electromobility would be prepared. The greatest impact for investment can be achieved by facilitating the transition of vehicles with the largest distances driven. Hence, careful consideration of the operational conditions and the level of efficiency of different modes of public transport would be subject of analysis. The energy consumption of public vehicles can be calculated on the basis of the specific fuel consumption patterns and operational data of fleets. This method can be used to estimate the decarbonisation potential of different vehicle types, which may nevertheless differ significantly. The assessment framework will make abatement costs comparable and provide a basis for the targeted application of supporting policies. As preference should be given to vehicles with the lowest marginal abatement costs to effectively reduce the sector's carbon emissions, these must be identified. The theoretical contribution of this research is an evaluation framework that provides relevant data for decision makers to assess the long-term financial and social impacts of different public fleet renewal supporting strategies.
Keywords: assessment framework, emission calculations, electromobility, supporting policies, marginal abatement costs.
{"title":"Supporting Policies for the Renewal of Public Vehicle Fleets to Achieve Efficient Carbon Mitigation","authors":"Tibor Princz- Jakovics, György Ádám Horváth","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to establish an assessment framework for evaluating transport-related carbon emission reduction options. The reduction of fleet-related emissions must build momentum, as the transport sector remains a substantial contributor to global carbon emissions. Through the use of this framework, better supporting policy for the transition of public service vehicle fleets to electromobility would be prepared. The greatest impact for investment can be achieved by facilitating the transition of vehicles with the largest distances driven. Hence, careful consideration of the operational conditions and the level of efficiency of different modes of public transport would be subject of analysis. The energy consumption of public vehicles can be calculated on the basis of the specific fuel consumption patterns and operational data of fleets. This method can be used to estimate the decarbonisation potential of different vehicle types, which may nevertheless differ significantly. The assessment framework will make abatement costs comparable and provide a basis for the targeted application of supporting policies. As preference should be given to vehicles with the lowest marginal abatement costs to effectively reduce the sector's carbon emissions, these must be identified. The theoretical contribution of this research is an evaluation framework that provides relevant data for decision makers to assess the long-term financial and social impacts of different public fleet renewal supporting strategies.
 Keywords: assessment framework, emission calculations, electromobility, supporting policies, marginal abatement costs.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article delves into the theoretical understanding of the precariat as an emerging social class, which challenges the established norms of economic life. As modern society undergoes constant changes in its social structure, the concept of precariat has gained prominence in scientific discourse. However, despite its significance, the precariat remains inadequately defined, with various interpretations and debates surrounding its characterization. The primary objective of this research is to define the precariat, outline its distinctive attributes, and explore its role in contemporary society. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant scientific literature, the authors aim to highlight the risks and challenges posed by the precariat to the sustainable development of society, with a particular focus on its impact on the economic realm. This article sheds light on the precariat’s origins, its position in the social structure, and its defining characteristics. It becomes evident that the precariat’s definition remains controversial, with different countries offering distinct interpretations of the concept. One significant factor contributing to the emergence of the precariat is the transition towards a new societal paradigm with novel social configurations. This class is characterized by its lack of stability, precarious employment conditions, absence of social benefits, insecure rights, and a sense of alienation not only from labor but also from society as a whole. Furthermore, the precariat predominantly occupies the lowest income positions within the social hierarchy. The precarious and vulnerable position of the precariat renders it susceptible to manipulation by other social actors for their own interests. Additionally, precariat groups may rise against their own circumstances. Failure to address the challenges faced by the precariat could lead to the evolution of a “dangerous class” within society, potentially instigating radical transformations in social life. In conclusion, this article provides an in-depth exploration of the precariat as a novel social class, shedding light on its defining features and its implications for modern society. Understanding the precariat’s role is essential for devising strategies to mitigate its risks and challenges, ensuring a more sustainable and equitable economic space for all. By addressing the vulnerabilities and uncertainties faced by the precariat, societies can strive for a future where opportunities are equitably distributed, contributing to the overall development and progress of humanity as a whole. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the precariat's role as an anomic vector of the shadow economy and its potential challenges and threats to sustainable development in contemporary societies.
Keywords: precariat, shadow economy, social class, sustainability, societal impact, uncertainty, inequality.
{"title":"Precariat As an Anomic Vector of the Shadow Economy: Challenges and Threats to the Sustainable Development of Society","authors":"Mykhailo Ishchuk, Svitlana Khrypko, Volodymyr Chop, Oksana Serhieienkova, Iryna Spudka, Tetiana Divchuk","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p561","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the theoretical understanding of the precariat as an emerging social class, which challenges the established norms of economic life. As modern society undergoes constant changes in its social structure, the concept of precariat has gained prominence in scientific discourse. However, despite its significance, the precariat remains inadequately defined, with various interpretations and debates surrounding its characterization. The primary objective of this research is to define the precariat, outline its distinctive attributes, and explore its role in contemporary society. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant scientific literature, the authors aim to highlight the risks and challenges posed by the precariat to the sustainable development of society, with a particular focus on its impact on the economic realm. This article sheds light on the precariat’s origins, its position in the social structure, and its defining characteristics. It becomes evident that the precariat’s definition remains controversial, with different countries offering distinct interpretations of the concept. One significant factor contributing to the emergence of the precariat is the transition towards a new societal paradigm with novel social configurations. This class is characterized by its lack of stability, precarious employment conditions, absence of social benefits, insecure rights, and a sense of alienation not only from labor but also from society as a whole. Furthermore, the precariat predominantly occupies the lowest income positions within the social hierarchy. The precarious and vulnerable position of the precariat renders it susceptible to manipulation by other social actors for their own interests. Additionally, precariat groups may rise against their own circumstances. Failure to address the challenges faced by the precariat could lead to the evolution of a “dangerous class” within society, potentially instigating radical transformations in social life. In conclusion, this article provides an in-depth exploration of the precariat as a novel social class, shedding light on its defining features and its implications for modern society. Understanding the precariat’s role is essential for devising strategies to mitigate its risks and challenges, ensuring a more sustainable and equitable economic space for all. By addressing the vulnerabilities and uncertainties faced by the precariat, societies can strive for a future where opportunities are equitably distributed, contributing to the overall development and progress of humanity as a whole. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the precariat's role as an anomic vector of the shadow economy and its potential challenges and threats to sustainable development in contemporary societies.
 Keywords: precariat, shadow economy, social class, sustainability, societal impact, uncertainty, inequality.
","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p69
Renata Ryplova, Jan Pokorny, Marek Baxa
Eutrophication due to high load of nutrients from the catchment is significant worldwide problem causing impairment of water ecosystems and water quality. The reason is tight connection of eutrophication with photosynthetic biomass production of blue green algae resulting in extreme changes of oxygen level, anoxia at the bottom and release of toxic substances in water. Acceleration and extension of eutrophication due to human activities together with insufficient human understanding of the ecological role of photosynthesis of aquatic plants leads to inappropriate water and landscape management resulting in further loss of clear water. To save enough clear water supplies for future generation it is necessary to improve human understanding of these processes starting already from school education. This contribution brings results of a survey aimed on the impact of developed innovative teaching activity on photosynthetic biomass production of aquatic plants in ecological context and using digital technologies which was implemented into the education at Czech upper secondary schools. Significant improvement of student understanding of ecological function of photosynthetic biomass production in water and increase of attractiveness of plant education for students were proved. The contribution of innovative teaching on photosynthetic biomass production in ecological context for sustainable education is discussed.
Keywords: Plant blindness, Aquatic plants, Eutrophication, Sustainable Education, Water.
{"title":"Education for Sustainability: Innovative Teaching on Photosynthesis of Aquatic Plants in Ecological Context","authors":"Renata Ryplova, Jan Pokorny, Marek Baxa","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p69","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication due to high load of nutrients from the catchment is significant worldwide problem causing impairment of water ecosystems and water quality. The reason is tight connection of eutrophication with photosynthetic biomass production of blue green algae resulting in extreme changes of oxygen level, anoxia at the bottom and release of toxic substances in water. Acceleration and extension of eutrophication due to human activities together with insufficient human understanding of the ecological role of photosynthesis of aquatic plants leads to inappropriate water and landscape management resulting in further loss of clear water. To save enough clear water supplies for future generation it is necessary to improve human understanding of these processes starting already from school education. This contribution brings results of a survey aimed on the impact of developed innovative teaching activity on photosynthetic biomass production of aquatic plants in ecological context and using digital technologies which was implemented into the education at Czech upper secondary schools. Significant improvement of student understanding of ecological function of photosynthetic biomass production in water and increase of attractiveness of plant education for students were proved. The contribution of innovative teaching on photosynthetic biomass production in ecological context for sustainable education is discussed.
 Keywords: Plant blindness, Aquatic plants, Eutrophication, Sustainable Education, Water.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p1
Marcelo Machado, Aline Rocha, Natalia Tartarotti
The global importance of the Amazon rainforest is abundantly evident. It is the world’s largest tropical rainforest, home to incredible biodiversity, and arguably an essential part of the earth’s already fragile climate system. Exploiting the Amazon beyond planetary boundaries, in other words, beyond a threshold the forest cannot regenerate itself from, may have catastrophic, global impacts. Conversely, Brazil is an industrialized yet developing country far from realizing its potential to become an economic superpower. To this day, millions of Brazilians still live below the poverty line. Hence, Brazil cannot afford to ignore the economic potential of the Amazon’s vast resources. The issue becomes how to use those resources effectively and efficiently for economic development. The key is perhaps a sustainable development approach. Considering the diversity of internal (i.e., Brazilian) and external (i.e., foreign) stakeholders, there is no agreement of what sustainable development would mean when it comes to the Brazilian Amazon Region (BAR). The challenge is the fact that environmental and social problems are not just complex problems. According to Brown et al (2010), they are very hard to properly define. Buchanan (1992) concluded these types of problems do not fit within any specific subject matter. In this research, we propose the sustainable development of the BAR as a wicked problem (Rittel and Webber, 1973). The main purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of stakeholders to confirm this hypothesis. This study employs systems thinking, specifically Peter Checkland’s (1989) Soft System Methodology as the conceptual foundation of the analysis of evidence from the field. Preliminary findings are summarized, and conclusions with conceptual and practical considerations are provided. Limitations and opportunities for future studies are also included.
Keywords: sustainable development, wicked problems, Brazilian Amazon, system thinking, soft system methodology.
亚马逊雨林在全球的重要性是显而易见的。它是世界上最大的热带雨林，拥有令人难以置信的生物多样性，可以说是地球已经脆弱的气候系统的重要组成部分。开发亚马逊雨林超过地球边界，换句话说，超过森林无法再生的阈值，可能会产生灾难性的全球影响。相反，巴西是一个工业化的发展中国家，远未实现其成为经济超级大国的潜力。直到今天，仍有数百万巴西人生活在贫困线以下。因此，巴西不能忽视亚马逊地区丰富资源的经济潜力。问题是如何有效和高效地利用这些资源促进经济发展。关键也许是可持续发展的方法。考虑到内部(即巴西)和外部(即外国)利益相关者的多样性，对于巴西亚马逊地区(BAR)的可持续发展意味着什么，人们没有达成一致意见。挑战在于环境和社会问题不仅仅是复杂的问题。根据Brown等人(2010)的说法，它们很难被恰当地定义。布坎南(1992)得出结论，这些类型的问题不适合任何特定的主题。在本研究中，我们提出BAR的可持续发展是一个邪恶的问题(Rittel and Webber, 1973)。本研究的主要目的是对利益相关者进行分析，以证实这一假设。本研究采用系统思维，特别是Peter Checkland(1989)的软系统方法论(Soft System Methodology)作为实地证据分析的概念基础。总结了初步发现，并提出了概念和实际考虑的结论。还包括未来研究的局限性和机会。
关键词:可持续发展，邪恶问题，巴西亚马逊，系统思维，软系统方法论。
{"title":"Sustainable Development as a Wicked Problem: The Case of the Brazilian Amazon Region","authors":"Marcelo Machado, Aline Rocha, Natalia Tartarotti","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"The global importance of the Amazon rainforest is abundantly evident. It is the world’s largest tropical rainforest, home to incredible biodiversity, and arguably an essential part of the earth’s already fragile climate system. Exploiting the Amazon beyond planetary boundaries, in other words, beyond a threshold the forest cannot regenerate itself from, may have catastrophic, global impacts. Conversely, Brazil is an industrialized yet developing country far from realizing its potential to become an economic superpower. To this day, millions of Brazilians still live below the poverty line. Hence, Brazil cannot afford to ignore the economic potential of the Amazon’s vast resources. The issue becomes how to use those resources effectively and efficiently for economic development. The key is perhaps a sustainable development approach. Considering the diversity of internal (i.e., Brazilian) and external (i.e., foreign) stakeholders, there is no agreement of what sustainable development would mean when it comes to the Brazilian Amazon Region (BAR). The challenge is the fact that environmental and social problems are not just complex problems. According to Brown et al (2010), they are very hard to properly define. Buchanan (1992) concluded these types of problems do not fit within any specific subject matter. In this research, we propose the sustainable development of the BAR as a wicked problem (Rittel and Webber, 1973). The main purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of stakeholders to confirm this hypothesis. This study employs systems thinking, specifically Peter Checkland’s (1989) Soft System Methodology as the conceptual foundation of the analysis of evidence from the field. Preliminary findings are summarized, and conclusions with conceptual and practical considerations are provided. Limitations and opportunities for future studies are also included.
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The educational system should contribute to the resolution of the socio-environmental crises that society faces today. Climate change is one of those problems that affects everyone on the planet. In fact, research is beginning to emerge about the importance of educating for the climate and sustainability; particularly, the identification of some practices and engineering projects related to climate change. However, this issue needs to be included in the teaching-learning processes in all educational programs. This analysis presents the perception of engineering students about climate change and sustainability, as well as its application in climate and sustainable action projects. This research was qualitative, focusing on the 'sustainable development' course delivered at the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, from educational practice in seven engineering undergraduate programs. A combination of four exploratory questions and project-based learning were applied to engineering students to identify key elements in the perception and conceptualization of climate change, sustainable development, and climate education. The results show that the students are aware of what is happening with the earth's temperature and global warming; some of them also showed project initiatives to address a climate or environmental problem. Engineering education have great potential to contribute to solving environmental and climate problems.
Key Words: climate education, environment, sustainable development, engineering education, Mexico.
{"title":"Environmental and Climate Culture for Sustainability: Experiences from Engineering Undergraduate Programs","authors":"Mayanin Sosa Alcaraz, Fátima Campos Chuc, Raúl Santos Valencia, Perla Garrido Vivas","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n4p399","url":null,"abstract":"The educational system should contribute to the resolution of the socio-environmental crises that society faces today. Climate change is one of those problems that affects everyone on the planet. In fact, research is beginning to emerge about the importance of educating for the climate and sustainability; particularly, the identification of some practices and engineering projects related to climate change. However, this issue needs to be included in the teaching-learning processes in all educational programs. This analysis presents the perception of engineering students about climate change and sustainability, as well as its application in climate and sustainable action projects. This research was qualitative, focusing on the 'sustainable development' course delivered at the Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, from educational practice in seven engineering undergraduate programs. A combination of four exploratory questions and project-based learning were applied to engineering students to identify key elements in the perception and conceptualization of climate change, sustainable development, and climate education. The results show that the students are aware of what is happening with the earth's temperature and global warming; some of them also showed project initiatives to address a climate or environmental problem. Engineering education have great potential to contribute to solving environmental and climate problems.
 Key Words: climate education, environment, sustainable development, engineering education, Mexico.","PeriodicalId":46519,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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