Pub Date : 2020-11-21DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0335
S. Kao, Chao-Kuang Hsueh, C. Chou, Tzu-Yang Yuan
Abstract:This study developed a decision-making support system (DMSS) for automatically determining the route priority of vessels entering/exiting the waters surrounding the port monitored by vessel traffic services (VTS). The developed DMSS was combined with marine geographic information systems (GIS), automatic identification systems (AIS), and fuzzy logic theory. The simulations of case studies for the ports of Keelung and Singapore were shown to illustrate the fitness of the developed DMSS. Based on the vessel information received/transmitted by AIS within the waters monitored by VTS, the developed DMSS can compute and output the route priority values for the captains on board and the operators in VTS stations as a point of reference. In other words, each ship in the waters surrounding the port can know the route priority for entering/exiting the port. The simulation results of case studies showed that the developed DMSS seems promising. The developed DMSS could be a useful tool in improving a port's navigation safety.
{"title":"A Decision-making Support System for Automatically Determining the Route Priority of Vessels Entering/Exiting the Ports","authors":"S. Kao, Chao-Kuang Hsueh, C. Chou, Tzu-Yang Yuan","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study developed a decision-making support system (DMSS) for automatically determining the route priority of vessels entering/exiting the waters surrounding the port monitored by vessel traffic services (VTS). The developed DMSS was combined with marine geographic information systems (GIS), automatic identification systems (AIS), and fuzzy logic theory. The simulations of case studies for the ports of Keelung and Singapore were shown to illustrate the fitness of the developed DMSS. Based on the vessel information received/transmitted by AIS within the waters monitored by VTS, the developed DMSS can compute and output the route priority values for the captains on board and the operators in VTS stations as a point of reference. In other words, each ship in the waters surrounding the port can know the route priority for entering/exiting the port. The simulation results of case studies showed that the developed DMSS seems promising. The developed DMSS could be a useful tool in improving a port's navigation safety.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"335 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-21DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0325
David Swanson, Yoshinori Suzuki
Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has been unusually disruptive for the world economy, with retail sales dropping by record amounts and unemployment escalating rapidly. As the crisis response continues to unfold, the editors of Transportation Journal observe that the virus has presented additional nuances of supply chain disruption, and academicians should explore them. Theory development can enhance our understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic is creating new and unique challenges. This article examines some areas of logistics that have been initially impacted, discussing them under the topics of transportation capacity, marketing channels, purchasing, inventory and supply, manufacturing, human resources, public private partnerships (PPP), and security.
{"title":"COVID-19 Carves New Facets of Supply Chain Disruption","authors":"David Swanson, Yoshinori Suzuki","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has been unusually disruptive for the world economy, with retail sales dropping by record amounts and unemployment escalating rapidly. As the crisis response continues to unfold, the editors of Transportation Journal observe that the virus has presented additional nuances of supply chain disruption, and academicians should explore them. Theory development can enhance our understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic is creating new and unique challenges. This article examines some areas of logistics that have been initially impacted, discussing them under the topics of transportation capacity, marketing channels, purchasing, inventory and supply, manufacturing, human resources, public private partnerships (PPP), and security.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"325 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42832347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-21DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0399
Meltem Denizel, Yoshinori Suzuki, Christopher Anderson
Abstract:With the increasing public awareness on global warming, the demand for low greenhouse gas emission (GHG) transportation fuel, such as biofuel, is growing rapidly. In the United States, like many other countries, the government is providing monetary incentives for biofuel displacement of fossil fuel. From the standpoint of biofuel proliferation, it is important that biofuel producers utilize these incentives in the most effective way, because better utilizations of incentives will lead to reduced costs for producers, which in turn will lower biofuel retail prices. Currently, however, biofuel producers are not taking full advantage of these incentives. This industry note introduces a new approach that allows US biofuel producers to improve their practice of using an incentive program called the LCFS (California Low Carbon Fuel Standard). Our method, which is relatively simple, is based on a recent research project conducted with a biofuel manufacturing firm, which aimed to maximize the benefit gained from the LCFS incentive program. We show, by performing numerical experiments with realistic settings, that the method matches or outperforms the current practice in terms of maximizing gains extracted from the incentive program, under all conditions.
{"title":"Increasing Biofuel Proliferation via the Optimal Use of Government Incentives","authors":"Meltem Denizel, Yoshinori Suzuki, Christopher Anderson","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0399","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With the increasing public awareness on global warming, the demand for low greenhouse gas emission (GHG) transportation fuel, such as biofuel, is growing rapidly. In the United States, like many other countries, the government is providing monetary incentives for biofuel displacement of fossil fuel. From the standpoint of biofuel proliferation, it is important that biofuel producers utilize these incentives in the most effective way, because better utilizations of incentives will lead to reduced costs for producers, which in turn will lower biofuel retail prices. Currently, however, biofuel producers are not taking full advantage of these incentives. This industry note introduces a new approach that allows US biofuel producers to improve their practice of using an incentive program called the LCFS (California Low Carbon Fuel Standard). Our method, which is relatively simple, is based on a recent research project conducted with a biofuel manufacturing firm, which aimed to maximize the benefit gained from the LCFS incentive program. We show, by performing numerical experiments with realistic settings, that the method matches or outperforms the current practice in terms of maximizing gains extracted from the incentive program, under all conditions.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"399 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44321670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-21DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0369
A. Edrisi, Moein Askari
Abstract:This article studies the integrated role of three infrastructure management agencies with responsibilities that span from pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness actions to post-disaster response operations during earthquakes. Each agency's actions are constrained by a given budget that is assigned to that agency by a master decision-maker (the federal government). This article presents a bi-level Stackelberg game where the master decision-maker allocates a total budget between the agencies with the objective of minimizing the earthquake death toll. A meta-heuristic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the Stackelberg game. Results show that in lower budgets, it is better to invest in the emergency response agency and the transportation agency. Furthermore, the results indicate that excessive investment in the transportation agency without adequate investment in the emergency response agency is inefficient.
{"title":"Optimal Budget Allocation to Improve Critical Infrastructure during Earthquakes","authors":"A. Edrisi, Moein Askari","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.4.0369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article studies the integrated role of three infrastructure management agencies with responsibilities that span from pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness actions to post-disaster response operations during earthquakes. Each agency's actions are constrained by a given budget that is assigned to that agency by a master decision-maker (the federal government). This article presents a bi-level Stackelberg game where the master decision-maker allocates a total budget between the agencies with the objective of minimizing the earthquake death toll. A meta-heuristic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the Stackelberg game. Results show that in lower budgets, it is better to invest in the emergency response agency and the transportation agency. Furthermore, the results indicate that excessive investment in the transportation agency without adequate investment in the emergency response agency is inefficient.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"369 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-12DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0254
Xing, Yang
Abstract:This article collectively addresses the issues of optimizing the sailing speed of containerships and fleet deployment in intercontinental container liner shipping, taking cargo time values into consideration. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is developed to maximize the gross profits of a container shipping line. The sailing speed is divided into 0.1 knot intervals and a reciprocal-discretization method is proposed to transform the model into an integer-based linear programming model, which can be solved using optimization solvers such as CPLEX. A case study is conducted based on the Far East-West America liner route of a global container shipping line to assess the effectiveness of the proposed model and the reciprocal- discretization method. The results show that when the cargo time value is taken into consideration, the increased sailing speed of containerships on long legs and the decreased number of deployed containerships will generate greater operating profits for the container shipping line. The rise in bunker price will lead to a stepwise decline in sailing speed of containerships and a stepwise growth in the number of deployed containerships. Moreover, the downward trend of sailing speed due to the increase of bunker price will be somewhat delayed as the unit container cargo value increases. Several useful insights are drawn from analysis of the results.
{"title":"Sailing Speed and Fleet Deployment Optimization for Intercontinental Container Liner Shipping Considering Cargo Time Value","authors":"Xing, Yang","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article collectively addresses the issues of optimizing the sailing speed of containerships and fleet deployment in intercontinental container liner shipping, taking cargo time values into consideration. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is developed to maximize the gross profits of a container shipping line. The sailing speed is divided into 0.1 knot intervals and a reciprocal-discretization method is proposed to transform the model into an integer-based linear programming model, which can be solved using optimization solvers such as CPLEX. A case study is conducted based on the Far East-West America liner route of a global container shipping line to assess the effectiveness of the proposed model and the reciprocal- discretization method. The results show that when the cargo time value is taken into consideration, the increased sailing speed of containerships on long legs and the decreased number of deployed containerships will generate greater operating profits for the container shipping line. The rise in bunker price will lead to a stepwise decline in sailing speed of containerships and a stepwise growth in the number of deployed containerships. Moreover, the downward trend of sailing speed due to the increase of bunker price will be somewhat delayed as the unit container cargo value increases. Several useful insights are drawn from analysis of the results.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"254 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44731654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article determines one reasonable feeder-line routing for a containership fleet performing pickup and deliveries between the hub ports and spoke ports. It first analyzes the relationship between the hub port and feeder lines and then investigates how to design robust feeder lines routing. A robust optimization model with pickup, deliveries, and time deadlines is built. Improved genetic algorithms are used to solve the model. Results show that the robust optimization model can improve the robustness of the feeder lines routing and reduce the investment risk caused by the uncertainty in the feeder network design.
{"title":"Robust Optimization Model of Feeder Lines Routing Based on the Hub Port","authors":"Xiaoling Huang, Huanping Chen, Lufeng Liu, Jihong Chen","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0279","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article determines one reasonable feeder-line routing for a containership fleet performing pickup and deliveries between the hub ports and spoke ports. It first analyzes the relationship between the hub port and feeder lines and then investigates how to design robust feeder lines routing. A robust optimization model with pickup, deliveries, and time deadlines is built. Improved genetic algorithms are used to solve the model. Results show that the robust optimization model can improve the robustness of the feeder lines routing and reduce the investment risk caused by the uncertainty in the feeder network design.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"279 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-12DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0304
J. Vogt, Jonathan Davis
Abstract:There is a paucity of research on Incoterms®. The article reviews the evolution of Incoterms®, the current state of research and use of Incoterms®, and sets the foundation for future research. Incoterms® are the globally accepted terms in a contract of sale that define the obligations, costs, and risks, that the buyers’ and sellers’ organizations must undertake. The authors classify currently published research into four categories: Incoterms® focused on a country; the comparison between the different versions of Incoterms®; Incoterms® in trade and legal issues; and understanding of Incoterms®. There is no depth of research published on the use of Incoterms® in trade agreements between buyer and sellers, in the implications for the supply chains of both buyer and seller, on the choice of the Incoterm®, nor in the conflict with other legal systems and commercial codes. Further, there is substantial confusion in the industry about Incoterms® and when and how to apply them in practice.
{"title":"The State of Incoterm® Research","authors":"J. Vogt, Jonathan Davis","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is a paucity of research on Incoterms®. The article reviews the evolution of Incoterms®, the current state of research and use of Incoterms®, and sets the foundation for future research. Incoterms® are the globally accepted terms in a contract of sale that define the obligations, costs, and risks, that the buyers’ and sellers’ organizations must undertake. The authors classify currently published research into four categories: Incoterms® focused on a country; the comparison between the different versions of Incoterms®; Incoterms® in trade and legal issues; and understanding of Incoterms®. There is no depth of research published on the use of Incoterms® in trade agreements between buyer and sellers, in the implications for the supply chains of both buyer and seller, on the choice of the Incoterm®, nor in the conflict with other legal systems and commercial codes. Further, there is substantial confusion in the industry about Incoterms® and when and how to apply them in practice.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"304 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0215
V. Venkatesh, Abraham Zhang, E. Deakins, Venkatesh Mani, Yangyan Shi
Abstract:Despite the growing interest in supply chain integration and port performance in the maritime literature, there is a lack of detailed studies into the barriers to integration in port-centric logistics. This study explores the barriers to port-centric supply chain integration from an emerging economy and multistakeholder perspective by using the DEMATEL (Decision Making-Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) analysis technique. The findings indicate that institutional requirements, lack of awareness by stakeholders, and port-centric supply chain integration all significantly impact supply chain projects that have been designed to offer maximum value to customers at a low cost. Other crucial barriers include the absence of benchmarking standards and lack of an innovation culture. The policy and managerial implications are explained.
{"title":"Supply Chain Integration Barriers to Port-Centric Logistics—An Emerging Economy Perspective","authors":"V. Venkatesh, Abraham Zhang, E. Deakins, Venkatesh Mani, Yangyan Shi","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.3.0215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite the growing interest in supply chain integration and port performance in the maritime literature, there is a lack of detailed studies into the barriers to integration in port-centric logistics. This study explores the barriers to port-centric supply chain integration from an emerging economy and multistakeholder perspective by using the DEMATEL (Decision Making-Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) analysis technique. The findings indicate that institutional requirements, lack of awareness by stakeholders, and port-centric supply chain integration all significantly impact supply chain projects that have been designed to offer maximum value to customers at a low cost. Other crucial barriers include the absence of benchmarking standards and lack of an innovation culture. The policy and managerial implications are explained.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"215 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0200
Maria Matusiewicz
Abstract:The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and trade on a global scale. The Internet of Things makes objects and devices that we use every day—from interior design (home appliances) to sensors in infrastructure (bridges, roads, buildings)—more efficient by enabling them to transmit data and connecting them in the cloud. The next stage is the Physical Internet (PI), which heralds the adoption of technology and methodology of Digital Internet to the real (physical) world. Physical Internet pushes boundaries for research and practice, and its goal is to optimize logistics processes to create more efficient and sustainable supply chains. The article points to the chances that the Physical Internet brings to the logistics efficiency from an EU perspective. The article describes the formal EU preparation for the PI concept as well as the selected first projects, ventures, and tools that already function as prototypes of the PI concept.
{"title":"Logistics of the Future—Physical Internet and Its Practicality","authors":"Maria Matusiewicz","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and trade on a global scale. The Internet of Things makes objects and devices that we use every day—from interior design (home appliances) to sensors in infrastructure (bridges, roads, buildings)—more efficient by enabling them to transmit data and connecting them in the cloud. The next stage is the Physical Internet (PI), which heralds the adoption of technology and methodology of Digital Internet to the real (physical) world. Physical Internet pushes boundaries for research and practice, and its goal is to optimize logistics processes to create more efficient and sustainable supply chains. The article points to the chances that the Physical Internet brings to the logistics efficiency from an EU perspective. The article describes the formal EU preparation for the PI concept as well as the selected first projects, ventures, and tools that already function as prototypes of the PI concept.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"200 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0129
Peinkofer, Schwieterman, Miller
Abstract:Industry analysts have noted that the rise of e-commerce has increased the demand for last-mile delivery services, defined as the last-mile transportation of large, bulky items (e.g., furniture) that cannot be shipped by parcel carriers to consumers’ locations. Although last-mile delivery has become crucial for retail logistics, no research has examined which carriers are more likely to diversify into last-mile delivery. As such decisions require large investments, motor carriers have an interest in understanding their peers’ behaviors in this domain. Drawing on resource orchestration theory and Penrose’s theory of firm growth, we devise middle-range theory that explains why carriers’ provision of less-than-truckload (LTL) or expedite services will increase their likelihood of subsequently offering last-mile delivery services. Our theory further explains why these services will serve as substitutes such that the marginal effect of providing LTL services on subsequently offering last-mile delivery will be less when a carrier also offers expedite services, and vice versa. To test our theory, we assemble an archival panel dataset from Inbound Logistics, a premier industry publication, that summarizes carriers’ various delivery services. Results from discrete time event history models corroborate our theorized predictions.
{"title":"Last-Mile Delivery in the Motor-Carrier Industry: A Panel Data Investigation Using Discrete Time Event History Analysis","authors":"Peinkofer, Schwieterman, Miller","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0129","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Industry analysts have noted that the rise of e-commerce has increased the demand for last-mile delivery services, defined as the last-mile transportation of large, bulky items (e.g., furniture) that cannot be shipped by parcel carriers to consumers’ locations. Although last-mile delivery has become crucial for retail logistics, no research has examined which carriers are more likely to diversify into last-mile delivery. As such decisions require large investments, motor carriers have an interest in understanding their peers’ behaviors in this domain. Drawing on resource orchestration theory and Penrose’s theory of firm growth, we devise middle-range theory that explains why carriers’ provision of less-than-truckload (LTL) or expedite services will increase their likelihood of subsequently offering last-mile delivery services. Our theory further explains why these services will serve as substitutes such that the marginal effect of providing LTL services on subsequently offering last-mile delivery will be less when a carrier also offers expedite services, and vice versa. To test our theory, we assemble an archival panel dataset from Inbound Logistics, a premier industry publication, that summarizes carriers’ various delivery services. Results from discrete time event history models corroborate our theorized predictions.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"129 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45622238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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