Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0165
William J. Rose, Peter M. Ralston, Chad W. Autry
Abstract:Due to rapid urbanization, logistics providers are dealing with the conundrum of misaligned strategies for urban environments. Logistics providers often see the urbanness of an activity region as a constraint, while at the same time urban actors view logistics activities within their immediate environment as disruption. These attitudes obscure the value that logistics can provide for urban areas. The current research synchronizes the notions of urban and logistics by reconceptualizing urbanness (i.e., an area’s state of being urban) from the logistics service provider’s perspective. Utilizing a conceptual abstraction technique, the concept of urbanness is revised and differentiated to redefine urban areas as value clusters looking to balance supply and demand globally while also providing access to service at the local urban level. Further, logistics service providers are seen as offering value to urban areas through network logistics and localized logistics. Identifying these differentiated value propositions suggests that transportation providers should respond to urbanness not as a constraint, but as a context where ambidextrous strategies provide the greatest return. Our conceptual revision of urbanness offers promising future avenues of research dealing with urban complexity and logistics providers value appropriation.
{"title":"Urbanness and Its Implications for Logistics Strategy: A Revised Perspective","authors":"William J. Rose, Peter M. Ralston, Chad W. Autry","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0165","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Due to rapid urbanization, logistics providers are dealing with the conundrum of misaligned strategies for urban environments. Logistics providers often see the urbanness of an activity region as a constraint, while at the same time urban actors view logistics activities within their immediate environment as disruption. These attitudes obscure the value that logistics can provide for urban areas. The current research synchronizes the notions of urban and logistics by reconceptualizing urbanness (i.e., an area’s state of being urban) from the logistics service provider’s perspective. Utilizing a conceptual abstraction technique, the concept of urbanness is revised and differentiated to redefine urban areas as value clusters looking to balance supply and demand globally while also providing access to service at the local urban level. Further, logistics service providers are seen as offering value to urban areas through network logistics and localized logistics. Identifying these differentiated value propositions suggests that transportation providers should respond to urbanness not as a constraint, but as a context where ambidextrous strategies provide the greatest return. Our conceptual revision of urbanness offers promising future avenues of research dealing with urban complexity and logistics providers value appropriation.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"165 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41975836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0099
Z. Rogers, Sina Golara, Yousef Abdusalam, D. Rogers
Abstract:An important change over the last few years has been that both consumers and businesses have adopted e-commerce as a supplement to brick-and-mortar retail stores. This has led to the rise of complex omni-channel distribution, in which firms endeavor to provide a seamless customer experience across channels. Consumers and business customers still expect to receive their products quickly and affordably, but with the option to use whatever channel they prefer. A difficulty many firms face is that these disparate channels often require a portfolio of different distribution facilities. These different distribution facilities can be expensive, complicated to manage, or both. We propose that firms can more efficiently pursue omni-channel strategies by utilizing the sharing economy to supplement their distribution network with shared warehousing. In this article, we examine recent developments in utilizing shared, on-demand warehousing and how it can impact distribution in the future.
{"title":"A Sharing-Enabled Portfolio Approach to Distribution","authors":"Z. Rogers, Sina Golara, Yousef Abdusalam, D. Rogers","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.2.0099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An important change over the last few years has been that both consumers and businesses have adopted e-commerce as a supplement to brick-and-mortar retail stores. This has led to the rise of complex omni-channel distribution, in which firms endeavor to provide a seamless customer experience across channels. Consumers and business customers still expect to receive their products quickly and affordably, but with the option to use whatever channel they prefer. A difficulty many firms face is that these disparate channels often require a portfolio of different distribution facilities. These different distribution facilities can be expensive, complicated to manage, or both. We propose that firms can more efficiently pursue omni-channel strategies by utilizing the sharing economy to supplement their distribution network with shared warehousing. In this article, we examine recent developments in utilizing shared, on-demand warehousing and how it can impact distribution in the future.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"128 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0073
P. Datta, E. Diffee
Abstract:In an age of climatic shifts and environmental degradation, globalization and expanding supply chains are rapidly changing operational and market dynamics. Yet, how are green supply chains dimensioned as a combination of activities and practices? What phases of the supply chain can be most easily improved by adopting a green philosophy? If a company has not yet adopted a green philosophy, what stages of its supply chain can be most likely improved? This article proposes an industry framework to index and benchmark green "environmentally sustainable" supply chains. We use 21 managers and senior executives across 12 firms to derive and validate the index variables and parameters. Data from our observations and interviews allow us to derive the Green Supply Chain Index (GSCI). The comprehensive GSCI creates a baseline on which companies can measure their green supply chain performance. This article serves as a starting point for benchmarking organizational GSC initiatives and their downstream effects on organizational performance addressing requisite incentives and penalties. The index can serve as rudimentary templates for research and practices as we seek to decipher various operational and performance aspects that distinguish between green-washing and greening while offering greater scrutiny into a rapidly changing and environmentally-conscious world.
{"title":"Measuring Sustainability Performance: A Green Supply Chain Index","authors":"P. Datta, E. Diffee","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In an age of climatic shifts and environmental degradation, globalization and expanding supply chains are rapidly changing operational and market dynamics. Yet, how are green supply chains dimensioned as a combination of activities and practices? What phases of the supply chain can be most easily improved by adopting a green philosophy? If a company has not yet adopted a green philosophy, what stages of its supply chain can be most likely improved? This article proposes an industry framework to index and benchmark green \"environmentally sustainable\" supply chains. We use 21 managers and senior executives across 12 firms to derive and validate the index variables and parameters. Data from our observations and interviews allow us to derive the Green Supply Chain Index (GSCI). The comprehensive GSCI creates a baseline on which companies can measure their green supply chain performance. This article serves as a starting point for benchmarking organizational GSC initiatives and their downstream effects on organizational performance addressing requisite incentives and penalties. The index can serve as rudimentary templates for research and practices as we seek to decipher various operational and performance aspects that distinguish between green-washing and greening while offering greater scrutiny into a rapidly changing and environmentally-conscious world.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"73 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0028
Jing Yu Pan, Jason W. Miller
Abstract:A common finding from both the regulatory compliance and motor-carrier safety literatures is that larger firms are more compliant with safety rules than smaller firms. However, complementary yet alternative explanations have been advanced to explain this empirical regularity. Some scholars argue larger firms' greater resource endowments allow them to make more investments to ensure safety compliance. Other scholars argue larger firms have more incentive to operate in compliance with safety rules because they have more brand equity at stake and are more exposed to regulatory enforcement. As these explanations suggest different policy implications, identifying findings uniquely consistent with one or both mechanisms is important to further efforts to improve carriers' safety compliance. This article leverages archival motor-carrier safety data and estimates different econometric models designed to isolate effects that are uniquely consistent with these alternative mechanisms. The results provide evidence uniquely consistent with each mechanism. This article concludes by explaining theoretical contributions, detailing managerial implications, and offering policy suggestions.
{"title":"Why Are Larger Motor Carriers More Compliant with Safety Regulations?","authors":"Jing Yu Pan, Jason W. Miller","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A common finding from both the regulatory compliance and motor-carrier safety literatures is that larger firms are more compliant with safety rules than smaller firms. However, complementary yet alternative explanations have been advanced to explain this empirical regularity. Some scholars argue larger firms' greater resource endowments allow them to make more investments to ensure safety compliance. Other scholars argue larger firms have more incentive to operate in compliance with safety rules because they have more brand equity at stake and are more exposed to regulatory enforcement. As these explanations suggest different policy implications, identifying findings uniquely consistent with one or both mechanisms is important to further efforts to improve carriers' safety compliance. This article leverages archival motor-carrier safety data and estimates different econometric models designed to isolate effects that are uniquely consistent with these alternative mechanisms. The results provide evidence uniquely consistent with each mechanism. This article concludes by explaining theoretical contributions, detailing managerial implications, and offering policy suggestions.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"28 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43231528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0001
Jing Yu Pan, Dothang Truong
Abstract:This study investigated passengers' choice between high-speed rail (HSR) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) in China. A survey of 1,080 passengers was performed and a logit regression method was used to identify the key factors in modal choice behaviors. The results indicated that frequency, price, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes were significant determinants of choice between HSR and LCCs, while service quality, access, and subjective norms were not important factors. Group differences in terms of the factor impact were also identified. Frequency and attitudes had a greater influence on business passengers, compared to nonbusiness passengers, in terms of their mode preference. Price affected the two types of passenger groups in a similar way, while PBC only influenced the choice behavior of the nonbusiness passengers. These findings fill the knowledge gap of the choice between HSR and LCCs and provide useful insights for HSR and LCCs to improve competitiveness in China.
{"title":"Low-Cost Carriers versus High-Speed Rail: Understanding Key Drivers of Passengers' Choice in China","authors":"Jing Yu Pan, Dothang Truong","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.59.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study investigated passengers' choice between high-speed rail (HSR) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) in China. A survey of 1,080 passengers was performed and a logit regression method was used to identify the key factors in modal choice behaviors. The results indicated that frequency, price, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes were significant determinants of choice between HSR and LCCs, while service quality, access, and subjective norms were not important factors. Group differences in terms of the factor impact were also identified. Frequency and attitudes had a greater influence on business passengers, compared to nonbusiness passengers, in terms of their mode preference. Price affected the two types of passenger groups in a similar way, while PBC only influenced the choice behavior of the nonbusiness passengers. These findings fill the knowledge gap of the choice between HSR and LCCs and provide useful insights for HSR and LCCs to improve competitiveness in China.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43080041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0247
D. Gligor, M. C. Holcomb, Michael J. Maloni, Elizabeth Davis-Sramek
Abstract:To extend previous research, this study focuses on how a firm's supply chain agility affects performance through the lens of resource orchestration theory. We offer an additional extension to theory by examining the impact of environmental uncertainty in the resource orchestration process. Research indicates that a firm's capabilities must be considered within the context of larger uncontrollable and environmental factors. While the Fisher model focuses explicitly on a product's demand volatility, the contemporary environment for many firms can be portrayed as rapidly changing with turbulent markets, rapid product life cycles, and a changing competitive landscape. Focusing on three underlying dimensions of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, munificence, and complexity, we theorize that this uncertainty facilitates market orientation and moderates the mediating relationship between the firm's market orientation and supply chain orientation and a firm's supply chain agility. In short, orchestrating resources for a firm's supply chain agility may or may not be as significant to achieving financial performance, depending on environmental uncertainty. Therefore, our overall contribution rests in the understanding that firms must determine the appropriate level of supply chain agility.
{"title":"Achieving Financial Performance in Uncertain Times: Leveraging Supply Chain Agility","authors":"D. Gligor, M. C. Holcomb, Michael J. Maloni, Elizabeth Davis-Sramek","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:To extend previous research, this study focuses on how a firm's supply chain agility affects performance through the lens of resource orchestration theory. We offer an additional extension to theory by examining the impact of environmental uncertainty in the resource orchestration process. Research indicates that a firm's capabilities must be considered within the context of larger uncontrollable and environmental factors. While the Fisher model focuses explicitly on a product's demand volatility, the contemporary environment for many firms can be portrayed as rapidly changing with turbulent markets, rapid product life cycles, and a changing competitive landscape. Focusing on three underlying dimensions of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, munificence, and complexity, we theorize that this uncertainty facilitates market orientation and moderates the mediating relationship between the firm's market orientation and supply chain orientation and a firm's supply chain agility. In short, orchestrating resources for a firm's supply chain agility may or may not be as significant to achieving financial performance, depending on environmental uncertainty. Therefore, our overall contribution rests in the understanding that firms must determine the appropriate level of supply chain agility.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"247 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0309
Amulya Gurtu
Abstract:The purpose of this article is to present a unique approach to reducing fuel cost and emissions from transportation. The approach involves analyzing the potential for savings in fuel cost, engages shippers and transporters to bring greater transparency, and optimizes the choice of vehicle and route. The suggested approach has resulted in a saving of 7.5 million gallons of diesel in transportation and reduced 76,910 metric tons of CO2 emissions for Whirlpool between 2007 and 2016 in the United States. This approach leads to the saving in fuel cost and a reduction in carbon emissions. The proposed methodology offers a mutually benefiting solution to supply chain management professionals in reducing their carbon footprint from transport activities while saving in transport cost.
{"title":"A Pioneering Approach to Reducing Fuel Cost and Carbon Emissions from Transportation","authors":"Amulya Gurtu","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The purpose of this article is to present a unique approach to reducing fuel cost and emissions from transportation. The approach involves analyzing the potential for savings in fuel cost, engages shippers and transporters to bring greater transparency, and optimizes the choice of vehicle and route. The suggested approach has resulted in a saving of 7.5 million gallons of diesel in transportation and reduced 76,910 metric tons of CO2 emissions for Whirlpool between 2007 and 2016 in the United States. This approach leads to the saving in fuel cost and a reduction in carbon emissions. The proposed methodology offers a mutually benefiting solution to supply chain management professionals in reducing their carbon footprint from transport activities while saving in transport cost.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"309 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46769046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0323
Chaodong Han, James Otto, M. Dresner
Abstract:Based on the O*NET job database, this research performs a typological analysis of US transportation and logistics jobs using two variables—the originality requirement of workers and the decision-making freedom by work design. Based on cluster analysis, we find that Express Lane jobs command the highest average pay due to the greatest worker originality required, have the most decision-making freedom allowed and are least vulnerable to automation. In contrast, Gridlock jobs are paid least on average due to the lowest worker originality, have the least decision-making freedom, and are most vulnerable to automation. In the middle range fall Slow Lane and Bumpy Road jobs, due to less decision-making freedom and lower worker originality required, respectively. Policy and managerial implications concerning training and work redesign are discussed in the context of technological advancements and automation.
{"title":"A Typological Analysis of US Transportation and Logistics Jobs: Automation and Prospects","authors":"Chaodong Han, James Otto, M. Dresner","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Based on the O*NET job database, this research performs a typological analysis of US transportation and logistics jobs using two variables—the originality requirement of workers and the decision-making freedom by work design. Based on cluster analysis, we find that Express Lane jobs command the highest average pay due to the greatest worker originality required, have the most decision-making freedom allowed and are least vulnerable to automation. In contrast, Gridlock jobs are paid least on average due to the lowest worker originality, have the least decision-making freedom, and are most vulnerable to automation. In the middle range fall Slow Lane and Bumpy Road jobs, due to less decision-making freedom and lower worker originality required, respectively. Policy and managerial implications concerning training and work redesign are discussed in the context of technological advancements and automation.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"323 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48760189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0280
Jules O. Yimga, Javad Gorjidooz
Abstract:Following the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, the degree of competition among air carriers, increased significantly. Airlines resorted to many ways—including code-sharing—in response to competitive pressures. This article is a retrospective study on the load factor effects of the largest domestic codeshare partnership established in 2003—between Delta, Northwest, and Continental airlines. After controlling for aircraft configuration, carrier, and market characteristics, we find evidence that code-sharing improves the partners' load factors relative to other carriers in all markets combined. However, we find statistically significant negative (positive) codeshare effects on load factor in markets where the codeshare partners competed (did not compete) prior to code-sharing.
{"title":"Airline Code-Sharing and Capacity Utilization: Evidence from the US Airline Industry","authors":"Jules O. Yimga, Javad Gorjidooz","doi":"10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.58.4.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Following the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, the degree of competition among air carriers, increased significantly. Airlines resorted to many ways—including code-sharing—in response to competitive pressures. This article is a retrospective study on the load factor effects of the largest domestic codeshare partnership established in 2003—between Delta, Northwest, and Continental airlines. After controlling for aircraft configuration, carrier, and market characteristics, we find evidence that code-sharing improves the partners' load factors relative to other carriers in all markets combined. However, we find statistically significant negative (positive) codeshare effects on load factor in markets where the codeshare partners competed (did not compete) prior to code-sharing.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"280 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43876077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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