Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0258
E. Šrámková, P. Kolář, James Huňak
Abstract:This article evaluates quality factors determined by customers of a freight forwarder operating in the Czech market, through the development of a new service quality measurement tool, TARRQUAL. Developed by the authors and based on expert discussions, TARRQUAL supplements the Delphi method. Through the application of factors derived from relevant research studies from customers in the Asian, Australian, and American markets, the research elaborates the dimensions expressed by Czech cargo beneficiaries. Using a decision-making matrix, the research findings are compared. The research key value is a holistic input for the empirical research in the forwarding services provider selection process, geographically scoped by the inland hinterland of European markets, with the Czech Republic as a showcase.
{"title":"Container Shipping: The Evaluation of Quality Factors in Freight Forwarding Services","authors":"E. Šrámková, P. Kolář, James Huňak","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0258","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article evaluates quality factors determined by customers of a freight forwarder operating in the Czech market, through the development of a new service quality measurement tool, TARRQUAL. Developed by the authors and based on expert discussions, TARRQUAL supplements the Delphi method. Through the application of factors derived from relevant research studies from customers in the Asian, Australian, and American markets, the research elaborates the dimensions expressed by Czech cargo beneficiaries. Using a decision-making matrix, the research findings are compared. The research key value is a holistic input for the empirical research in the forwarding services provider selection process, geographically scoped by the inland hinterland of European markets, with the Czech Republic as a showcase.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"258 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48849959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0280
Hua Lu, Y. Hsu, C. Chu
Abstract:Ship repairers are long-term cooperative partners of shipping lines that keep ships in a safe condition. This industry is a professional and technical enterprise. This study explores the critical factors affecting the selection of ship repairers by shipping lines. Ship repair services can be divided into repair yards and repair shops. Repair yards provide berths and dry docks for conducting repair engineering, while repair shops actually perform the ship repairs. Through an investigation of experts, two analysis hierarchies for yards and shops based on a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) approach are proposed and applied to evaluate the repair services across the Taiwan Strait. The most important criteria in the analyses are repairers' offer terms, relative costs of the service, and technique performance as well as the arrangement of the repair period. Chinese repair yards have attracted shipping lines because of their advantages with respect to costs and productive facilities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Ship Repair Services: A Case Study of Taiwan Shipping Companies' Selection","authors":"Hua Lu, Y. Hsu, C. Chu","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ship repairers are long-term cooperative partners of shipping lines that keep ships in a safe condition. This industry is a professional and technical enterprise. This study explores the critical factors affecting the selection of ship repairers by shipping lines. Ship repair services can be divided into repair yards and repair shops. Repair yards provide berths and dry docks for conducting repair engineering, while repair shops actually perform the ship repairs. Through an investigation of experts, two analysis hierarchies for yards and shops based on a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) approach are proposed and applied to evaluate the repair services across the Taiwan Strait. The most important criteria in the analyses are repairers' offer terms, relative costs of the service, and technique performance as well as the arrangement of the repair period. Chinese repair yards have attracted shipping lines because of their advantages with respect to costs and productive facilities.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"280 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0238
S. Kose, M. Ozkok, Faruk Bugra Demirel, E. Kose
Abstract:A shipping agency or shipping agent is the designated person or agency held responsible for handling shipments and cargo, and the general interests of its customers, at ports and harbors worldwide, on behalf of ship owners, managers, and charterers. Shipping agents will usually take care of all the regular routine tasks of a shipping company quickly and efficiently. They ensure that essential supplies, crew transfers, customs documentation, and waste declarations are all arranged with the port authorities without delay and often provide the shipping company with updates and reports on activities at the destination port so that shipping companies have real-time information while goods are in transit. Due to these reasons, selection of the ship agencies becomes an indispensable part of maritime transportation. Managing a ship agency requires interconnected and labor-intensive processes for any kind of shipping operations, which results in a complicated mission. This study presents the most important ship agency selection criteria, according to the determined criteria in the literature, by employing fuzzy AHP technique, one of the most common fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods.
{"title":"Performance Indicators Considered for Selection of Agency in Maritime Industry","authors":"S. Kose, M. Ozkok, Faruk Bugra Demirel, E. Kose","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A shipping agency or shipping agent is the designated person or agency held responsible for handling shipments and cargo, and the general interests of its customers, at ports and harbors worldwide, on behalf of ship owners, managers, and charterers. Shipping agents will usually take care of all the regular routine tasks of a shipping company quickly and efficiently. They ensure that essential supplies, crew transfers, customs documentation, and waste declarations are all arranged with the port authorities without delay and often provide the shipping company with updates and reports on activities at the destination port so that shipping companies have real-time information while goods are in transit. Due to these reasons, selection of the ship agencies becomes an indispensable part of maritime transportation. Managing a ship agency requires interconnected and labor-intensive processes for any kind of shipping operations, which results in a complicated mission. This study presents the most important ship agency selection criteria, according to the determined criteria in the literature, by employing fuzzy AHP technique, one of the most common fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"238 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0310
Yiran Zhao, Zhongzhen Yang
Abstract:In the tramp spot shipping market, the choice of a shipper and the spatial and temporal shipping demand affect decisions regarding task choices and ship routing of the carrier. From the perspective of a carrier, this article divides the entire shipping planning horizon into a series of time windows and converts the carriers' market shares into shippers' choice inertia. Based on the spatial and temporal shipping demand, the obtained market shares in different time windows are analyzed, and the ship scheduling schemes, including the amount of shipped cargos, the sailing routes and the ships used, are determined with the objective of maximizing the carrier's profits. Finally, a numerical test is conducted using the Pacific tramp shipping market as an example.
{"title":"Ship Scheduling in the Tramp Spot Market Based on Shipper's Choice Behavior and the Spatial and Temporal Shipping Demand","authors":"Yiran Zhao, Zhongzhen Yang","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the tramp spot shipping market, the choice of a shipper and the spatial and temporal shipping demand affect decisions regarding task choices and ship routing of the carrier. From the perspective of a carrier, this article divides the entire shipping planning horizon into a series of time windows and converts the carriers' market shares into shippers' choice inertia. Based on the spatial and temporal shipping demand, the obtained market shares in different time windows are analyzed, and the ship scheduling schemes, including the amount of shipped cargos, the sailing routes and the ships used, are determined with the objective of maximizing the carrier's profits. Finally, a numerical test is conducted using the Pacific tramp shipping market as an example.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"310 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43119666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0233
Jasmine Lam, Douglas N. Hales
Abstract:The freight market in the shipping industry is cyclical and volatile. In particular, global shipping has experienced huge changes over the past decade. In 2015, shipping slowed as carriers and ports were still adding capacity. This drove several shipping companies into bankruptcy, and others into mergers and new strategic partnerships to survive. The purpose of this special themed issue on global shipping and ports is to examine how the shift in global trade has affected global shipping, port competitiveness, and performance including shipping and port services, multi-modal shipping, hinterland services, maritime supporting services, linkages to global supply chains, as well as how shipping and ports respond to sustain their competitiveness. This first issue deals with how new competitive pressures affect decision-making and design in carriers and ports.
{"title":"Global Shipping and Ports: The Quest for Sustained Competitiveness","authors":"Jasmine Lam, Douglas N. Hales","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.3.0233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The freight market in the shipping industry is cyclical and volatile. In particular, global shipping has experienced huge changes over the past decade. In 2015, shipping slowed as carriers and ports were still adding capacity. This drove several shipping companies into bankruptcy, and others into mergers and new strategic partnerships to survive. The purpose of this special themed issue on global shipping and ports is to examine how the shift in global trade has affected global shipping, port competitiveness, and performance including shipping and port services, multi-modal shipping, hinterland services, maritime supporting services, linkages to global supply chains, as well as how shipping and ports respond to sustain their competitiveness. This first issue deals with how new competitive pressures affect decision-making and design in carriers and ports.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"233 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43494926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0219
Vitaly Brazhkin
Abstract:As the supply chain revolution continues, small and medium-sized enterprises and smaller facilities of large companies experience an increased pressure from their adjacent supply chain partners and their own senior management to improve their performance. This places higher demands on the accuracy of their performance measurement, particularly labor productivity in warehouses. Smaller facilities cannot afford to implement engineered labor standards (ELS) and rely on traditional metrics of output, such as piece count, which do not provide the reliable level of accuracy demanded today. Changing the traditional view of the inputs-outputs paradigm, this study suggests a unique labor productivity metric for non-ELS facilities based on warehouse lift-truck utilization data. Empirical tests using a longitudinal data set from an automotive parts distribution center provide evidence that the new metric is more accurate than the traditional output metrics because it is not affected by the assignment contribution error due to workload smoothing. The new metric offers managers an opportunity to fine-tune labor productivity measurement in warehouses and other environments with extensive lift-truck utilization without investing in ELS projects.
{"title":"Outside the Box Warehousing: When Thinking of Inputs as Outputs Makes Sense","authors":"Vitaly Brazhkin","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As the supply chain revolution continues, small and medium-sized enterprises and smaller facilities of large companies experience an increased pressure from their adjacent supply chain partners and their own senior management to improve their performance. This places higher demands on the accuracy of their performance measurement, particularly labor productivity in warehouses. Smaller facilities cannot afford to implement engineered labor standards (ELS) and rely on traditional metrics of output, such as piece count, which do not provide the reliable level of accuracy demanded today. Changing the traditional view of the inputs-outputs paradigm, this study suggests a unique labor productivity metric for non-ELS facilities based on warehouse lift-truck utilization data. Empirical tests using a longitudinal data set from an automotive parts distribution center provide evidence that the new metric is more accurate than the traditional output metrics because it is not affected by the assignment contribution error due to workload smoothing. The new metric offers managers an opportunity to fine-tune labor productivity measurement in warehouses and other environments with extensive lift-truck utilization without investing in ELS projects.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"219 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42991398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0193
Yao-Te Tsai, S. Swartz, F. Megahed
Abstract:Highway safety has been one of the most important public policy issues discussed in recent years. Accidents involving commercial vehicles result in many negative effects, both personal and economic. Although the numbers of highway accidents have been declining in the past decade, many people still suffer from the effects of severe highway accidents. As public policymakers struggle to improve safety on our highway system, they are looking for analytical tools to help them assess and leverage the impact of scarce public resources. This research effort used data envelopment analysis (DEA) for benchmarking the efficiency of public policy factors (regulatory and financial) known to have an influence on safety performance. The results of this research can provide objective safety performance and improvement recommendations for commercial transportation and therefore serve to be instructive to those states with lower levels of safety performance. Our findings suggest that government agencies could focus on more effective policymaking (emphasizing road condition improvement and capital outlay utilization vs. other investments) to reduce highway fatality rates.
{"title":"Estimating the Relative Efficiency of Highway Safety Investments on Commercial Transportation","authors":"Yao-Te Tsai, S. Swartz, F. Megahed","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Highway safety has been one of the most important public policy issues discussed in recent years. Accidents involving commercial vehicles result in many negative effects, both personal and economic. Although the numbers of highway accidents have been declining in the past decade, many people still suffer from the effects of severe highway accidents. As public policymakers struggle to improve safety on our highway system, they are looking for analytical tools to help them assess and leverage the impact of scarce public resources. This research effort used data envelopment analysis (DEA) for benchmarking the efficiency of public policy factors (regulatory and financial) known to have an influence on safety performance. The results of this research can provide objective safety performance and improvement recommendations for commercial transportation and therefore serve to be instructive to those states with lower levels of safety performance. Our findings suggest that government agencies could focus on more effective policymaking (emphasizing road condition improvement and capital outlay utilization vs. other investments) to reduce highway fatality rates.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"193 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0163
Jason W. Miller, John Saldanha
Abstract:Commercial truck crashes cause thousands of fatalities and serious injuries every year in the United States. One aspect of motor-carrier safety that has received limited attention, both theoretically and empirically, is the safety of new entrant motor carriers. This limited attention is surprising given regulators perceive new entrants as posing substantial safety concerns. This research seeks to fill this void by drawing on generative mechanisms from old institutional theory and population ecology to theorize that new entrants are likely to follow one of two safety trajectories. This complements prior work that has sought to explain safety differences between new entrants and established carriers. To test our theory, we collect longitudinal safety data from the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program for a large sample of new entrant carriers and fit a series of mixed-effects models to estimate new entrants' safety trajectories. Our results provide corroborating evidence for our theorized trajectories and identify how one new entrant characteristic, size, affects these firms' safety trajectories.
{"title":"An Exploratory Investigation of New Entrant Motor Carriers' Longitudinal Safety Performance","authors":"Jason W. Miller, John Saldanha","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Commercial truck crashes cause thousands of fatalities and serious injuries every year in the United States. One aspect of motor-carrier safety that has received limited attention, both theoretically and empirically, is the safety of new entrant motor carriers. This limited attention is surprising given regulators perceive new entrants as posing substantial safety concerns. This research seeks to fill this void by drawing on generative mechanisms from old institutional theory and population ecology to theorize that new entrants are likely to follow one of two safety trajectories. This complements prior work that has sought to explain safety differences between new entrants and established carriers. To test our theory, we collect longitudinal safety data from the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability program for a large sample of new entrant carriers and fit a series of mixed-effects models to estimate new entrants' safety trajectories. Our results provide corroborating evidence for our theorized trajectories and identify how one new entrant characteristic, size, affects these firms' safety trajectories.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"163 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45103977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0137
Claudia R. Rosales, J. Whipple, J. Blackhurst
Abstract:In today's competitive environment, consumers have high expectations regarding product availability. Out-of-stock (OOS) occurrences can have a detrimental impact to both retailers and manufacturers in terms of lost sales as well as reduced consumer loyalty. In this article, we investigate the impact of repeated OOS occurrences under different supply chain design scenarios, which mix the channel replenishment strategy with the inventory responsibility for in-store shelf management on the retailer versus on the manufacturer. We frame our agent-based simulation to examine the change in manufacturer's market share that results from OOS scenarios not only under different supply chain distribution scenarios (i.e., traditional versus direct store delivery or DSD), but also with different consumer preference characteristics (i.e., high and low brand loyalty) and varied levels of demand. The agent-based simulation allows us to examine the impact of consumer learning under repeated OOS situations. Our results provide new insights for manufacturers regarding repeated supply chain OOS situations.
{"title":"The Impact of Out-of-Stocks and Supply Chain Design on Manufacturers: Insights from an Agent-Based Model","authors":"Claudia R. Rosales, J. Whipple, J. Blackhurst","doi":"10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/TRANSPORTATIONJ.57.2.0137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In today's competitive environment, consumers have high expectations regarding product availability. Out-of-stock (OOS) occurrences can have a detrimental impact to both retailers and manufacturers in terms of lost sales as well as reduced consumer loyalty. In this article, we investigate the impact of repeated OOS occurrences under different supply chain design scenarios, which mix the channel replenishment strategy with the inventory responsibility for in-store shelf management on the retailer versus on the manufacturer. We frame our agent-based simulation to examine the change in manufacturer's market share that results from OOS scenarios not only under different supply chain distribution scenarios (i.e., traditional versus direct store delivery or DSD), but also with different consumer preference characteristics (i.e., high and low brand loyalty) and varied levels of demand. The agent-based simulation allows us to examine the impact of consumer learning under repeated OOS situations. Our results provide new insights for manufacturers regarding repeated supply chain OOS situations.","PeriodicalId":46529,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"137 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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