Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2024.2312416
L. A. Landgraf
The sports world has historically rejected the practice of tanking. I argue that this attitude is unwarranted. To do so, I introduce a concept called strategic suboptimal play (SSP), which is the p...
{"title":"A defence of tanking in sports","authors":"L. A. Landgraf","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2024.2312416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2024.2312416","url":null,"abstract":"The sports world has historically rejected the practice of tanking. I argue that this attitude is unwarranted. To do so, I introduce a concept called strategic suboptimal play (SSP), which is the p...","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2024.2308899
Jusa Impiö, Jim Parry
Freeride skiing is the fastest-growing sector of the skiing industry, but there are no studies analyzing its nature and values. First, we provide descriptions of freeride skiing and competitive fre...
{"title":"Freeride skiing – the values of freedom and creativity","authors":"Jusa Impiö, Jim Parry","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2024.2308899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2024.2308899","url":null,"abstract":"Freeride skiing is the fastest-growing sector of the skiing industry, but there are no studies analyzing its nature and values. First, we provide descriptions of freeride skiing and competitive fre...","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2297746
Adam Berg
This paper centers two complementary theoretical approaches to advance the debate about transgender women’s inclusion in elite women’s sports – namely, non-ideal theory and cultural studies. In doi...
{"title":"Non-ideal theory, cultural studies, and the transgender inclusion debate","authors":"Adam Berg","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2297746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2297746","url":null,"abstract":"This paper centers two complementary theoretical approaches to advance the debate about transgender women’s inclusion in elite women’s sports – namely, non-ideal theory and cultural studies. In doi...","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2295255
Filip Kobiela
The main aim of this article is to reconstruct and comment on Bernard Suits’ argument concerning the paradoxicality of the perfectly played game and explain how the argument might contribute to the...
{"title":"The paradox of the perfect game","authors":"Filip Kobiela","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2295255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2295255","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this article is to reconstruct and comment on Bernard Suits’ argument concerning the paradoxicality of the perfectly played game and explain how the argument might contribute to the...","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2279572
Jo Morrison, Eric Moore
Antidoping policy regulates and punishes the use of substances that are listed on a Prohibited List (PL). These substances are colloquially known as ‘performance-enhancing substances’. There is ver...
反兴奋剂政策规定和惩罚使用违禁清单(PL)上列出的物质。这些物质通常被称为“性能增强物质”。有……
{"title":"Is WADA creating and then prosecuting thought crimes?","authors":"Jo Morrison, Eric Moore","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2279572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2279572","url":null,"abstract":"Antidoping policy regulates and punishes the use of substances that are listed on a Prohibited List (PL). These substances are colloquially known as ‘performance-enhancing substances’. There is ver...","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138531098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2268700
Irena Martínková
ABSTRACTThis paper continues the discussion of three values of sport (safety, fairness, inclusion) that has developed around the theme of inclusion of transwomen in the female category in World Rugby, as discussed by Pike, Burke and Imbrišević. In contrast to their discussion, in which these three values have been seen from the limited perspective of the inclusion of one group of athletes into a specific category of one sport, they are here discussed in the context of the categorization in sport in general, with a focus on constitutive and eligibility rules. Constitutive rules give a strong foundation for eligibility rules. From the perspective of eligibility rules, the value of inclusion is identified as the underlying main value, while fairness and safety are its functions. This view rehabilitates the value of inclusion and has implications for how we think about the inclusion of athletes in sport, and for the creation of categories.KEYWORDS: Constitutive ruleseligibility rulescategoriestranswomeninclusionsafetyfairnessjusticepolicy AcknowledgementThis paper was written with institutional support from Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic – Cooperatio (Social Sport Sciences).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. There are obviously other values that have been discussed with respect to the categorization of athletes, such as, for example, self-respect, recognition, cooperation and excellence (English Citation1978; Howe Citation2020; Martínková Citation2020a; Sailors Citation2014).2. These factors identify both the risk-of-danger on the side of the participant (e.g. lack of previous experience with the activity, health considerations), and also the level and quality of organisation (e.g. by whom and how the sport event is supervised), together with features of the particular environment (e.g. presence of known hazards, distance from help). All these factors contribute to the level of safety/dangerousness of the particular sport competition (Martínková and Parry Citation2017).3. However, even unisex sports may need a protected category for enabling the development of a disadvantaged group, such as female drivers (and W series) in otherwise unisex Formula 1 racing (see Howe Citation2022).4. I use the term ‘category‘ in defining the kind of category (e.g. age) and its further differentiations are called ‘subcategories’ (U17, or seniors) as in Martínková (Citation2020a, 463).5. Here I mean ‘records’ as descriptive records, simply recording the data (Parry Citation2006, 203).6. ‘Arbitrary’ is used with the following meaning: ‘ … “arbitrary” might mean that the rule could have been otherwise – i.e. whilst not just anything could count, as a rule, there is more than one candidate – and in the end, it comes down to a decision between candidates for rules which might even seem to have equal merit. We just have to decide what we want the rules of the game to be or become, and who is eligible’ (Parr
{"title":"Inclusion as the value of eligibility rules in sport","authors":"Irena Martínková","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2268700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2268700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper continues the discussion of three values of sport (safety, fairness, inclusion) that has developed around the theme of inclusion of transwomen in the female category in World Rugby, as discussed by Pike, Burke and Imbrišević. In contrast to their discussion, in which these three values have been seen from the limited perspective of the inclusion of one group of athletes into a specific category of one sport, they are here discussed in the context of the categorization in sport in general, with a focus on constitutive and eligibility rules. Constitutive rules give a strong foundation for eligibility rules. From the perspective of eligibility rules, the value of inclusion is identified as the underlying main value, while fairness and safety are its functions. This view rehabilitates the value of inclusion and has implications for how we think about the inclusion of athletes in sport, and for the creation of categories.KEYWORDS: Constitutive ruleseligibility rulescategoriestranswomeninclusionsafetyfairnessjusticepolicy AcknowledgementThis paper was written with institutional support from Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic – Cooperatio (Social Sport Sciences).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. There are obviously other values that have been discussed with respect to the categorization of athletes, such as, for example, self-respect, recognition, cooperation and excellence (English Citation1978; Howe Citation2020; Martínková Citation2020a; Sailors Citation2014).2. These factors identify both the risk-of-danger on the side of the participant (e.g. lack of previous experience with the activity, health considerations), and also the level and quality of organisation (e.g. by whom and how the sport event is supervised), together with features of the particular environment (e.g. presence of known hazards, distance from help). All these factors contribute to the level of safety/dangerousness of the particular sport competition (Martínková and Parry Citation2017).3. However, even unisex sports may need a protected category for enabling the development of a disadvantaged group, such as female drivers (and W series) in otherwise unisex Formula 1 racing (see Howe Citation2022).4. I use the term ‘category‘ in defining the kind of category (e.g. age) and its further differentiations are called ‘subcategories’ (U17, or seniors) as in Martínková (Citation2020a, 463).5. Here I mean ‘records’ as descriptive records, simply recording the data (Parry Citation2006, 203).6. ‘Arbitrary’ is used with the following meaning: ‘ … “arbitrary” might mean that the rule could have been otherwise – i.e. whilst not just anything could count, as a rule, there is more than one candidate – and in the end, it comes down to a decision between candidates for rules which might even seem to have equal merit. We just have to decide what we want the rules of the game to be or become, and who is eligible’ (Parr","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2275762
Alfred Archer, Georgina Mills
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Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2264927
Sandra M. Meeuwsen
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
点击放大图片点击缩小图片披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"Sport Realism: A Law-Inspired Theory of Sport <b>Sport Realism: A Law-Inspired Theory of Sport</b> , by Aaron Harper, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2022, 182 pp., $95 (hardcover), ISBN: 9781666920086","authors":"Sandra M. Meeuwsen","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2264927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2264927","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2269427
Xiaolin Zhang, Emily Ryall, Andrew Edgar
ABSTRACTBy adopting Habermas’ communicative theory, this paper categorizes players’ actions into four elements. The strategic action involves players manipulating each other within the framework of a gameFootnote1; normative action is manifested in following the rules and the underlying ethos; dramaturgical action emerges through the players’ deliberate presentation of themselves to both participants and spectators; and communicative action reveals the purpose of a game as a way of being. The conceptualization of game actions leads to a qualitative redefinition of the perfect game, which enables a greater understanding of the game, its participants, and human excellence. As such, this paper’s significance lies in the proposal that the Habermasian perfect game is a potential solution to Suits’ puzzle about what type of games can be played in his Utopia.KEYWORDS: Habermastheory of communicative actionperfect gameUtopia Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. In this article, we employ the terms ‘game’ and ‘sport’ interchangeably. However, when we use the term ‘sport’ in this context, we are specifically referring to sports of the game-type variety. Besides, we acknowledge the significance of physicality in sports due to the inherent embodiment of humans, but we haven’t dealt with the issue if the physicality makes any difference to the game playing analysis, because a comprehensive discussion of this aspect would require a separate paper due to its depth and complexity.2. Sport serves as a mirror of society, albeit not in a one-dimensional manner. It does more than merely reflect societal aspects; in its finer moments, it assumes the role of a model for effective communication and a societal ideal. It embodies a dual nature, transcending the ordinary, presenting itself as both a commendable exemplar and occasionally, regrettably, a showcase of human behavior that surpasses and falls short of what we encounter in our day-to-day interactions.3. With respect to gamesmanship, noted above, it may be argued that the ethos or spirit of particular games tolerates greater or lesser degrees of gamesmanship. Thus, while gamesmanship may superficially be sent as respecting the rules and not the spirit of the sport, this is an over-simplification. In practice, to participate in certain sports may entail that the players accept gamesmanship as part of the culture and spirit of that sport. The tolerance of sledging (trash-talking) in professional cricket is a case in point.4. We are arguing that on one level sporting action is akin to language (it has syntax and thus meaning), but the point is that this is not ordinary, spoken language. It is akin to the claim that Nelson Goodman makes in Languages of Art – Arts are languages, just not everyday spoken languages.5. Habermas’ discourse ethics emphasizes that moral norms should be acceptable to all individuals in a society if they engage in a fair and open dialogue.
{"title":"What do players do in a game? A Habermasian perspective","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang, Emily Ryall, Andrew Edgar","doi":"10.1080/00948705.2023.2269427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2023.2269427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBy adopting Habermas’ communicative theory, this paper categorizes players’ actions into four elements. The strategic action involves players manipulating each other within the framework of a gameFootnote1; normative action is manifested in following the rules and the underlying ethos; dramaturgical action emerges through the players’ deliberate presentation of themselves to both participants and spectators; and communicative action reveals the purpose of a game as a way of being. The conceptualization of game actions leads to a qualitative redefinition of the perfect game, which enables a greater understanding of the game, its participants, and human excellence. As such, this paper’s significance lies in the proposal that the Habermasian perfect game is a potential solution to Suits’ puzzle about what type of games can be played in his Utopia.KEYWORDS: Habermastheory of communicative actionperfect gameUtopia Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. In this article, we employ the terms ‘game’ and ‘sport’ interchangeably. However, when we use the term ‘sport’ in this context, we are specifically referring to sports of the game-type variety. Besides, we acknowledge the significance of physicality in sports due to the inherent embodiment of humans, but we haven’t dealt with the issue if the physicality makes any difference to the game playing analysis, because a comprehensive discussion of this aspect would require a separate paper due to its depth and complexity.2. Sport serves as a mirror of society, albeit not in a one-dimensional manner. It does more than merely reflect societal aspects; in its finer moments, it assumes the role of a model for effective communication and a societal ideal. It embodies a dual nature, transcending the ordinary, presenting itself as both a commendable exemplar and occasionally, regrettably, a showcase of human behavior that surpasses and falls short of what we encounter in our day-to-day interactions.3. With respect to gamesmanship, noted above, it may be argued that the ethos or spirit of particular games tolerates greater or lesser degrees of gamesmanship. Thus, while gamesmanship may superficially be sent as respecting the rules and not the spirit of the sport, this is an over-simplification. In practice, to participate in certain sports may entail that the players accept gamesmanship as part of the culture and spirit of that sport. The tolerance of sledging (trash-talking) in professional cricket is a case in point.4. We are arguing that on one level sporting action is akin to language (it has syntax and thus meaning), but the point is that this is not ordinary, spoken language. It is akin to the claim that Nelson Goodman makes in Languages of Art – Arts are languages, just not everyday spoken languages.5. Habermas’ discourse ethics emphasizes that moral norms should be acceptable to all individuals in a society if they engage in a fair and open dialogue. ","PeriodicalId":46532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Philosophy of Sport","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/00948705.2023.2260447
Sigmund Loland, Åsa Bäckström
There is an absence in the literature on sports of a conceptualization of what in French are labeled sports de glisse: sports that imply gliding on water, through air, and on snow and ice, such as surfing, paragliding, skiing, and skating. Inspired by Ingold’s (1993) concept of the taskscape, we introduce the idea of the glidescape: a perceptual field in which gliding sports practitioners inhabit, create, and transform their environment while at the same time being recreated and transformed themselves. Using an applied phenomenological approach, we describe the main experiential qualities and structure of the glidescape. In the quest for extended phases of effortless movement, gliders engage in a clearly accentuated rhythm with sharp contrasts between forceful effort and smooth effortlessness based on a fine-tuned proprioceptive sense for material and ecological resonance, which opens fleeting and emplaced moments of freedom and authenticity.
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