Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.1177/1715163519878745
Richard Violette, G. R. Pullagura
Introduction Unequivocally, vaccinations can be considered one of the greatest global achievements for public health. Since the introduction of the first vaccines, vaccination programs have contributed to a substantial decline in both mortality and morbidity of many previously lethal infectious diseases around the globe. However, high and sustained vaccine uptake is necessary for these efforts to remain successful. Beyond the direct protection provided for vaccinated individuals, high vaccine coverage also induces indirect protection against vaccinepreventable diseases (VPD) at a population level through herd immunity. Yet despite consensus on the public health benefits of vaccination, recent reports of clustered outbreaks and the resurgence of VPDs in underor nonimmunized groups highlight the ongoing challenges. The concept of vaccine hesitancy represents a significant conceptual shift away from the traditional dichotomy of accept or reject, of proor antivaccine. Defined by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) SAGE Working Group as “the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services,” vaccine hesitancy is “complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence.” Vaccine hesitancy highlights the wide spectrum of vaccination beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of a large heterogeneous group of individuals situated between the 2 end points of the continuum (see Figure 1). For example, vaccine-hesitant individuals may refuse some vaccines but accept or delay others; some may accept a vaccine but remain concerned with their decision; and others may even personally refuse all vaccines but remain supportive of vaccinations more broadly. While vaccine hesitancy is not always the root cause of underor nonimmunization, it is listed in the top 10 threats to global health for 2019 by the WHO and remains an important contributor to suboptimal vaccine coverage across many jurisdictions. A large body of interdisciplinary research has explored the factors and determinants that shape vaccine-hesitant beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. From a practice perspective, 3 observations are particularly important:
{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy: Moving practice beyond binary vaccination outcomes in community pharmacy","authors":"Richard Violette, G. R. Pullagura","doi":"10.1177/1715163519878745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519878745","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Unequivocally, vaccinations can be considered one of the greatest global achievements for public health. Since the introduction of the first vaccines, vaccination programs have contributed to a substantial decline in both mortality and morbidity of many previously lethal infectious diseases around the globe. However, high and sustained vaccine uptake is necessary for these efforts to remain successful. Beyond the direct protection provided for vaccinated individuals, high vaccine coverage also induces indirect protection against vaccinepreventable diseases (VPD) at a population level through herd immunity. Yet despite consensus on the public health benefits of vaccination, recent reports of clustered outbreaks and the resurgence of VPDs in underor nonimmunized groups highlight the ongoing challenges. The concept of vaccine hesitancy represents a significant conceptual shift away from the traditional dichotomy of accept or reject, of proor antivaccine. Defined by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) SAGE Working Group as “the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services,” vaccine hesitancy is “complex and context specific, varying across time, place and vaccines. It is influenced by factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence.” Vaccine hesitancy highlights the wide spectrum of vaccination beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of a large heterogeneous group of individuals situated between the 2 end points of the continuum (see Figure 1). For example, vaccine-hesitant individuals may refuse some vaccines but accept or delay others; some may accept a vaccine but remain concerned with their decision; and others may even personally refuse all vaccines but remain supportive of vaccinations more broadly. While vaccine hesitancy is not always the root cause of underor nonimmunization, it is listed in the top 10 threats to global health for 2019 by the WHO and remains an important contributor to suboptimal vaccine coverage across many jurisdictions. A large body of interdisciplinary research has explored the factors and determinants that shape vaccine-hesitant beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. From a practice perspective, 3 observations are particularly important:","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"391 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519878745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43692580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1177/1715163519874072
{"title":"Pharmacy Practice Research Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1715163519874072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519874072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"S1 - S43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519874072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.1177/1715163519866232
Alyssa Schmode, M. Ackman, T. Bungard
{"title":"Antiplatelet, anticoagulant or both? A tool for pharmacists","authors":"Alyssa Schmode, M. Ackman, T. Bungard","doi":"10.1177/1715163519866232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519866232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"291 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519866232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48148257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.1177/1715163519865914
C. Necyk, Ken Cor, Arianna Mazzuca, L. Meleshko
Background: Pharmacists play an important role in managing patients with prescription drug abuse and addiction (PDAA). The objective of this study was to explore Alberta pharmacists’ practices, views and confidence in the management of patients at risk of or living with PDAA in their practice setting. Methods: A 26-question online questionnaire was distributed to 4261 pharmacists across Alberta, of whom 656 (15%) participated. The questionnaire consisted of 17 multiple-choice, 6 multipart and 3 free-response questions. Questionnaire responses were collected and analyzed in Qualtrics. Results: Sixty-six percent (n = 408) of pharmacists indicated that PDAA was prevalent in their practice setting, with 55% (n = 340) of respondents encountering more than 6 patients with suspected or known PDAA a month. Thirty-five percent (n = 198) of pharmacists indicated they were moderately confident at identifying patients with potential PDAA. However, 41% (n = 235) of the pharmacists indicated that they only discuss PDAA with identified patients less than half of the time. Pharmacists lacked confidence in their ability to discuss PDAA treatment options with their patients as well as collaborate with addiction treatment facilities. Lack of training or knowledge in PDAA (48%) and uncertainty of how to initiate discussion or effectively communicate with patients about PDAA (39%) were identified as barriers that significantly or very significantly hindered respondents from managing PDAA in their practice. Conclusions: Although many pharmacists are moderately confident in identifying patients with potential PDAA, several barriers hinder intervention. Providing pharmacists with additional training and resources may better equip them to manage PDAA within their practice settings. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2019;152:xx-xx.
{"title":"An evaluation of Alberta pharmacists’ practices, views and confidence regarding prescription drug abuse and addiction within their practice setting","authors":"C. Necyk, Ken Cor, Arianna Mazzuca, L. Meleshko","doi":"10.1177/1715163519865914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519865914","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacists play an important role in managing patients with prescription drug abuse and addiction (PDAA). The objective of this study was to explore Alberta pharmacists’ practices, views and confidence in the management of patients at risk of or living with PDAA in their practice setting. Methods: A 26-question online questionnaire was distributed to 4261 pharmacists across Alberta, of whom 656 (15%) participated. The questionnaire consisted of 17 multiple-choice, 6 multipart and 3 free-response questions. Questionnaire responses were collected and analyzed in Qualtrics. Results: Sixty-six percent (n = 408) of pharmacists indicated that PDAA was prevalent in their practice setting, with 55% (n = 340) of respondents encountering more than 6 patients with suspected or known PDAA a month. Thirty-five percent (n = 198) of pharmacists indicated they were moderately confident at identifying patients with potential PDAA. However, 41% (n = 235) of the pharmacists indicated that they only discuss PDAA with identified patients less than half of the time. Pharmacists lacked confidence in their ability to discuss PDAA treatment options with their patients as well as collaborate with addiction treatment facilities. Lack of training or knowledge in PDAA (48%) and uncertainty of how to initiate discussion or effectively communicate with patients about PDAA (39%) were identified as barriers that significantly or very significantly hindered respondents from managing PDAA in their practice. Conclusions: Although many pharmacists are moderately confident in identifying patients with potential PDAA, several barriers hinder intervention. Providing pharmacists with additional training and resources may better equip them to manage PDAA within their practice settings. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2019;152:xx-xx.","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"376 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519865914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49244581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-09DOI: 10.1177/1715163519866223
E. Yeung, R. Mohammed
{"title":"Pharmacists prescribed 7 times more antibiotics than physicians did for query urinary tract infection","authors":"E. Yeung, R. Mohammed","doi":"10.1177/1715163519866223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519866223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"281 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519866223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47220029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1177/1715163519867257
Nathan P. Beahm, Daniel J. Smyth, R. T. Tsuyuki
{"title":"Reply","authors":"Nathan P. Beahm, Daniel J. Smyth, R. T. Tsuyuki","doi":"10.1177/1715163519867257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519867257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"283 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519867257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43436146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.1177/1715163519866395
R. Tsuyuki
{"title":"Pharmacists’ professional identity: A foundational problem (and solution) for our profession","authors":"R. Tsuyuki","doi":"10.1177/1715163519866395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163519866395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46612,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Pharmacists Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":"277 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1715163519866395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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