Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2021.1896189
Vivek Chibber
This special issue of the Review of Social Economics is intended to demonstrate, and to partially survey, the state of Marxian theory in the social sciences. As such, the articles have been selected not just for their contribution toMarxism, but also for their representativeness of the state of play within the theory in its many dimensions. It just so happens thatmost of the scholars are also at career mid-points, or even earlier, making this special issue something of a harbinger of things to come, as this cohort of theorists matures and further develops its research program. The timing is, inmanyways, propitious. In theUnitedStatesbut alsobeyond, ideas associated with the Marxian tradition have suddenly become quite popular again, to the extent that advocacy for socialism has entered mainstream political culture. For decades, themeremention of the ‘S word’ was anathema, and anyone advocating it taken as out of touch with reality, or even suspicious. But over the past five years, as the crisis of neoliberalism continues to grow and the political establishment seems to have little to offer, calls for a revival of social democratic and socialist ideas have taken off. In this context, we are pleased that the papers in this issue engage many of the ideas that are circulating within the revitalized intellectual culture. Oneof the central issues in political economy is the dynamics of the employment relation. Whereas themainstream economic tradition views it as consensual, Marxists have maintained that it is essentially exploitative. But in order to cash out the claim, Marxists face a conceptual and a theoretical challenge. Conceptually, they need to explain what distinguishes exploitative relations, so that the normative basis for the critique of wage labor is clarified. And theoretically, they need to explicate the mechanisms that sustain the dominance of employers over wage laborers. Nicholas Vrousalis undertakes the former task, while Korkut Erturk tackles the latter. Vrousalis both builds upon, and amends, the important work of John Roemer, who developed a novel account of exploitation in the 1980′s. Roemer forcefully restated the case for
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Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1857822
Simone Polillo
Since the early twentieth century, scholarly interest in the intersection between knowledge and political rationality in advanced liberal democracies has drawn attention to two general and contradictory processes: first, the rise of technocracy, and of the institutions, and experts, who use technical knowledge as a lever of power; second, the democratization of expertise – the emergence of lay audiences as stake-holders and competent participants in technical and scientific decisions and debates. In this paper, I analyze the annual reports on the Italian economy written by the Bank of Italy between 1960 and 1984, and trace the debate they spurred in three national newspaper outlets. I detail the emergence of public expertise on the economy, as well as the emergence of crisis and reputation management as techniques for the Bank to bolster its authority. I argue that the Bank of Italy, by framing the present as an exception, achieved a form of performativity that I call fictional.
{"title":"Crisis, reputation, and the politics of expertise: fictional performativity at the Bank of Italy","authors":"Simone Polillo","doi":"10.1080/00346764.2020.1857822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2020.1857822","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early twentieth century, scholarly interest in the intersection between knowledge and political rationality in advanced liberal democracies has drawn attention to two general and contradictory processes: first, the rise of technocracy, and of the institutions, and experts, who use technical knowledge as a lever of power; second, the democratization of expertise – the emergence of lay audiences as stake-holders and competent participants in technical and scientific decisions and debates. In this paper, I analyze the annual reports on the Italian economy written by the Bank of Italy between 1960 and 1984, and trace the debate they spurred in three national newspaper outlets. I detail the emergence of public expertise on the economy, as well as the emergence of crisis and reputation management as techniques for the Bank to bolster its authority. I argue that the Bank of Italy, by framing the present as an exception, achieved a form of performativity that I call fictional.","PeriodicalId":46636,"journal":{"name":"REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY","volume":"81 1","pages":"342 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00346764.2020.1857822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2021.1874498
Theodore Koutsobinas
ABSTRACT The present paper examines attribute substitution in terms of both heuristics and attribution theory in social psychology. Alternative ‘old’ approaches in psychology were special because they considered choice in terms that were similar to attributional inference in social psychology and anticipated limitations of the static heuristics and biases approach. Attribute substitution plays an important role in reflective reasoning as an independent entity relative to rationality and produces good decisions, even those are sub-optimal and may be influenced by primitive processes such as intuition and habits. The attribute-substitution research enhances our understanding of intense shifts in economic expectations. It makes possible the conceptual incorporation of substantive theoretical constructions, which are inherent in psychological propensities of alternative, and mainly, heterodox approaches in economics such as Post Keynesian, Institutional and Austrian economics. This research agenda paves the way for possible forms of synthesis of those theories with behavioural economics.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-08DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1840615
N. Vrousalis
This paper argues that influential contemporary models of market socialism fail to do justice to traditional socialist concerns about exploitation and, by implication, about workplace oppression. More precisely, neither pure public ownership models (such as Roemer's), nor hybrid models of public ownership plus worker control (such as Schweickart's) suffice individually to attenuate exploitation and workplace hierarchy. Quite independently of alienable capital, these theories fail to account for the labour epistocracy, a class of workers who, by dint of higher marketable epistemic credentials and talents, can subjugate the labour of those with lower epistemic credentials. An improved model of market socialism would, I argue, account for the labour epistocracy by combining universal worker control with a strongly predistributive form of public ownership.
{"title":"Public ownership, worker control, and the labour epistocracy problem","authors":"N. Vrousalis","doi":"10.1080/00346764.2020.1840615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2020.1840615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that influential contemporary models of market socialism fail to do justice to traditional socialist concerns about exploitation and, by implication, about workplace oppression. More precisely, neither pure public ownership models (such as Roemer's), nor hybrid models of public ownership plus worker control (such as Schweickart's) suffice individually to attenuate exploitation and workplace hierarchy. Quite independently of alienable capital, these theories fail to account for the labour epistocracy, a class of workers who, by dint of higher marketable epistemic credentials and talents, can subjugate the labour of those with lower epistemic credentials. An improved model of market socialism would, I argue, account for the labour epistocracy by combining universal worker control with a strongly predistributive form of public ownership.","PeriodicalId":46636,"journal":{"name":"REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY","volume":"79 1","pages":"439 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00346764.2020.1840615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1836388
Hannes Kuch
ABSTRACT Social institutions that seek to realize justice must foster the moral disposition to act on the norms of justice. In order to spell out this claim, the paper turns to Hegel’s idea of Sittlichkeit (ethical life). In Hegel’s framework, the institutions of ethical life have the task of nurturing the ‘ethical disposition’, something akin to what Rawls calls the ‘sense of justice’. This task places particular constraints on institutions. The formation of ethical dispositions requires what I call an ‘internal’ transformation of the economic sphere, allowing individuals to develop their moral capacities. This stands in contrast to many theories of distributive justice, including Rawls’s, which treat the market as a ‘black box’, whose main virtue is seen in maximizing economic output. By reconstructing Hegel’s institutional suggestions systematically, it turns out that Hegel’s social philosophy offers convincing arguments for a liberal socialism.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1830157
Mirjam Müller
ABSTRACT This paper provides a feminist critique of market socialism. I argue that two important socialist values, equality and freedom, can only be realised by a form of socialism that adequately distributes and values tasks associated with social reproduction. My argument proceeds in five steps: first, I outline of the main characteristics of market socialism. Second, I provide an understanding of social reproduction and show that its current organisation raises a feminist concern. Third, I discuss the relation between markets under market socialism and social reproduction and draw implications from this for the market socialist project. Finally, I show that market socialism has the potential to bring about a more equal distribution of responsibility for social reproductive work.
{"title":"Who cares? Market socialism and social reproduction","authors":"Mirjam Müller","doi":"10.1080/00346764.2020.1830157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2020.1830157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides a feminist critique of market socialism. I argue that two important socialist values, equality and freedom, can only be realised by a form of socialism that adequately distributes and values tasks associated with social reproduction. My argument proceeds in five steps: first, I outline of the main characteristics of market socialism. Second, I provide an understanding of social reproduction and show that its current organisation raises a feminist concern. Third, I discuss the relation between markets under market socialism and social reproduction and draw implications from this for the market socialist project. Finally, I show that market socialism has the potential to bring about a more equal distribution of responsibility for social reproductive work.","PeriodicalId":46636,"journal":{"name":"REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY","volume":"79 1","pages":"454 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00346764.2020.1830157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1829017
Mark Stelzner, M. Paul
Recent empirical research has documented a dramatic change in government’s role in regulating employer–employee relations, a collapse in workers’ collective action, and low wage growth contributing to rising inequality. To better understand the theoretical connections between these variables, we construct a monopsony-wage-model that integrates intertemporal strategic interaction between workers and employers in the wage setting process into an institutional context. We show that workers’ collective action reduces rents to firms. However, workers face multiple obstacles from engaging in collective action. In an environment that does not support workers, as is currently the case, it is maximizing for employees to engage in very little collective action, and, as a result, wage inequality is exacerbated.
{"title":"Monopsony and collective action in an institutional context","authors":"Mark Stelzner, M. Paul","doi":"10.1080/00346764.2020.1829017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2020.1829017","url":null,"abstract":"Recent empirical research has documented a dramatic change in government’s role in regulating employer–employee relations, a collapse in workers’ collective action, and low wage growth contributing to rising inequality. To better understand the theoretical connections between these variables, we construct a monopsony-wage-model that integrates intertemporal strategic interaction between workers and employers in the wage setting process into an institutional context. We show that workers’ collective action reduces rents to firms. However, workers face multiple obstacles from engaging in collective action. In an environment that does not support workers, as is currently the case, it is maximizing for employees to engage in very little collective action, and, as a result, wage inequality is exacerbated.","PeriodicalId":46636,"journal":{"name":"REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY","volume":"81 1","pages":"225 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00346764.2020.1829017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1828612
Yannick Rumpala
This article focuses on ‘commons-based peer production’, in particular the way it operates and its potential for material contributions to human activities. The aim is to understand the practices and bases that make it possible, and to better understand which resources are made accessible. This type of production can be an alternative route to collective achievements and an innovative way to meet the needs of a community. From this perspective, two contrasting fields of experimentation are examined: one focused on digital manufacturing and the development of 3D printer projects (such as RepRap), and the other on small-scale food production (the Incredible Edible Network). The analysis begins by clarifying the conceptual framework. Then, the two types of experiments are studied with regard to their genesis, their mode of operation and their output. Finally, the scope of this model is discussed by linking these experiments to the conditions on which they depend.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2019.1693054
F. Reito
ABSTRACT This article shows that, under the assumption that members share the risk of negative income shocks, rotating savings and credit associations can be sustainable even with simple exponential discounting and without the presence of social norms and sanctioning systems.
{"title":"Roscas without sanctions","authors":"F. Reito","doi":"10.1080/00346764.2019.1693054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2019.1693054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article shows that, under the assumption that members share the risk of negative income shocks, rotating savings and credit associations can be sustainable even with simple exponential discounting and without the presence of social norms and sanctioning systems.","PeriodicalId":46636,"journal":{"name":"REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY","volume":"78 1","pages":"561 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00346764.2019.1693054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45338174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00346764.2020.1834121
Debra M. Satz
One of Erik Olin Wright’s important contributions was to characterize exploitation in a particular way, as consisting of three interlocking features: STRUCTURAL: a situation where the positive welf...
Erik Olin Wright的重要贡献之一是以一种特殊的方式将剥削描述为由三个相互关联的特征组成：结构性：积极的福利。。。
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