Psychologica Belgica最新文献

The use of multilevel models to combine and compare the results of multiple single-case experimental design (SCED) studies has been proposed about two decades ago. Since then, the number of multilevel meta-analyses of SCED studies steadily increased, together with the complexity of multilevel models used. At the same time, many studies were done to empirically evaluate the approach in a variety of situations, and to study how the flexibility of multilevel models can be employed to account for many complexities that often are encountered in SCED research, such as autocorrelation, linear and nonlinear time trends, specific designs, external event effects, multiple outcomes, and heterogeneity. In this paper, we give a state-of-the-art of the multilevel approach, by making an overview of basic and more extended models, summarizing simulation results, and discussing some remaining issues.

Introduction: Various studies indicate the role of experiential avoidance (EA) in the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety disorders. The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) is a quick tool to assess EA.

Objective: This study aimed to translate the BEAQ into French and to validate it in a sample of non-clinical adults.

Method: The BEAQ was translated from English into French using the translation and back-translation technique. The translated questionnaire was submitted to 93 psychology students to identify unclear/ambiguous items. Then, the final French and the original versions of the BEAQ were administered to 64 bilingual individuals two weeks apart to assess the scale's content validity and test-retest reliability. Finally, the BEAQ-French and other scales were administered to 580 non-clinical adults to assess its factor structure and its convergent and discriminant validity.

Results: Results showed no significant difference between the English and French versions of the BEAQ. The BEAQ demonstrated high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses did not support the one-factor structure of the BEAQ. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure. The BEAQ presented satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity with related measures and measures of neuroticism, negative affect and mental health problems.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the BEAQ-French is a reliable tool for assessing EA. Unlike the original version, the BEAQ-French exhibits a two-factor rather than a one-factor structure. Further research is needed to confirm this two-factor structure and to assess more precisely the convergent validity of the scale.

Face recognition abilities vary tremendously in the general population. People at the lower end of the spectrum, those with developmental prosopagnosia, report stress, anxiety or social interaction issues due to their poor face recognition abilities. It is thus important to develop adequate diagnostic tools convenient to use for clinicians and to examine relationships between face recognition skills and negative affects. In the present study, we provide a validated French translation of the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), a self-report measure used to detect people with developmental facial identity recognition deficits (Shah et al., 2015; Tsantani et al., 2021). We also examined links between face recognition skills measured with the PI20 and a standard face recognition test (Cambridge face memory test-CFMT; Duchaine & Nakayama, 2006) and measures of social anxiety (social interaction anxiety scale, social phobia scale) and negative affects (state trait anxiety scale, Beck depression inventory). We did not find any significant correlation between the CFMT and measures of psychosocial well-being and only found a weak positive association between the PI20 and social interaction anxiety. Although this association is weak and warrants further research, raising awareness about developmental face recognition issues may help improve the well-being of people with facial identity recognition deficits and provide new investigation or intervention avenues for clinicians who treat patients with social interaction anxiety.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neurodevelopmental areas and possible difficulties in emotional-behavioural variables, and to determine if sex moderated this relationship. A community sample of 231 boys and girls with typical development and with a mean age of 19.84 months was evaluated, using the Bayley-III and CBCL 1.5-5 scales. The main results confirmed: (1) better linguistic abilities in girls in both language areas (receptive communication and expressive communication), finding more evidence according to the Bayesian analysis in expressive communication; (2) in the emotional-behavioural area girls had higher scores in withdrawal; (3) significant negative correlations of low magnitude were found between the Bayley and CBCL scales, particularly in the areas of language and cognitive and internalising and externalising problems; (4) children with low cognitive abilities and those with poor receptive communication showed more inter and externalising difficulties; (5) no significant predictive value or moderating effect of sex was found, (6) the number of participants who simultaneously manifested significant deficits in both domains (neurodevelopmental and emotional-behavioural) was very reduced. Future research should corroborate these results and the characteristics of the relationship found at these early ages. Detecting the population at risk in the first two years of life would enable the implementation of interventions aimed at improving neurodevelopmental deficits and emotional-behavioural problems. Thus, identification of deficits in one domain should lead to evaluation of the other.

Paying attention to body sensations has been associated with many positive outcomes such as increased subjective well-being, enhanced emotion regulation, and reduced symptom reports. Furthermore, body awareness has an important therapeutic utility in the treatment of various psychological ailments. Despite its importance in mental health, there is very little research on body awareness during adolescence and young adulthood - important developmental periods characterized by bodily changes and the development of one's relationship to one's body. Therefore, the present qualitative study sought to explore how body awareness is understood, experienced, and described by adolescents and young adults. Four online focus groups were conducted with young people between the ages of 14 and 24 (N = 20). Thematic analyses revealed a multidimensional and highly contextualized understanding and experience of body awareness in this age group. In general, young people reported mainly attending to intense and unpleasant body sensations with a particular attitude (e.g., accepting or avoidant) depending on the type of sensation, leading to a variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to these sensations. These processes were embedded in an underlying schema of beliefs about body awareness and an overarching physical and socio-cultural context. Results further revealed a more nuanced experience and understanding of body awareness in women and in young adults. The present findings can be used as a foundation for the development of body awareness theoretical frameworks and self-report instruments for youth and can aid the generating of hypotheses for future research on body awareness in this age group.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown in March 2020 have led to changes in lifestyle and increased levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This survey examined a number of factors (anxiety state, sleep quality, daily activities, mental load, work-related variables) influencing mental and physical fatigue during lockdown and how these relations have evolved one year later. A cohort of 430 workers and 124 retirees were recruited in April-May 2020 (lockdown period, data set 1), and a subsample (133 workers and 40 retirees) completed the same questionnaire in April-May 2021 (data set 2). Linear regression models showed a significant subjective increase in both physical and mental fatigue in both worker and retiree groups during lockdown, and a supplementary increase in physical fatigue and anxiety level in spring 2021 compared to the lockdown period. During lockdown, anxiety level, concerns about COVID-19, work flexibility, mental load, and sleep metrics were associated with the evolution of fatigue among workers. For retirees, only anxiety and physical activity levels were linked to changes in physical fatigue. In April-May 2021, the only associations which remained significant were those in workers between fatigue and anxiety level and workload. These findings suggest that the increased fatigue levels during the lockdown are likely due to the swift and significant changes in daily routines (such as sleep patterns and work dynamics) and psychological states (including increased anxiety and concerns) prompted by the sanitary crisis. On the other hand, the increase in fatigue observed one year after the beginning of the pandemic seems to result from more psychological factors associated with the health situation.

Profile similarity measures are used to quantify the similarity of two sets of ratings on multiple variables. Yet, it remains unclear how different measures are distinct or overlap and what type of information they precisely convey, making it unclear what measures are best applied under varying circumstances. With this study, we aim to provide clarity with respect to how existing measures interrelate and provide recommendations for their use by comparing a wide range of profile similarity measures. We have taken four steps. First, we reviewed 88 similarity measures by applying them to multiple cross-sectional and intensive longitudinal data sets on emotional experience and retained 43 useful profile similarity measures after eliminating duplicates, complements, or measures that were unsuitable for the intended purpose. Second, we have clustered these 43 measures into similarly behaving groups, and found three general clusters: one cluster with difference measures, one cluster with product measures that could be split into four more nuanced groups and one miscellaneous cluster that could be split into two more nuanced groups. Third, we have interpreted what unifies these groups and their subgroups and what information they convey based on theory and formulas. Last, based on our findings, we discuss recommendations with respect to the choice of measure, propose to avoid using the Pearson correlation, and suggest to center profile items when stereotypical patterns threaten to confound the computation of similarity.

Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory and following recent recommendations, this study investigates the mediating role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in the relationships between networking behaviors and attitudinal outcomes (i.e., work engagement and work satisfaction). We propose that networking, as an investment of personal resources to gain access to other resources, contributes to the prediction of attitudinal outcomes. We surveyed 254 employees from a public Belgian administrative company. We use structural equation modelling and the bootstrapping method. PsyCap totally mediates the relationships between networking and both attitudinal outcomes. This study contributes to theoretical development by integrating Networking and PsyCap literatures into COR theory literature, and demonstrates the legitimacy of COR theory to explain these complex variables and their relationships.

This research investigates whether experiencing workplace ostracism is positively related to employees' perceptions of organizational dehumanization, and examines one underlying mechanism of this relationship (i.e., thwarted need to belong), as well as its consequences for both employees and organizations. First, a cross-sectional study (N = 256) highlighted that workplace ostracism positively relates to organizational dehumanization which, in turn, is related to employees' well-being (i.e., increased depression), attitudes (i.e., decreased job satisfaction) and behaviors toward the organization (i.e., increased turnover intentions, decreased loyalty behaviors toward the organization). Second, an experimental study manipulating workplace ostracism using vignettes (N = 199) showed that workplace ostracism has a positive impact on organizational dehumanization, which subsequently relates to employees' decreased job satisfaction, increased turnover intentions, and decreased loyalty behaviors. Finally, a third cross-sectional study (N = 423) revealed that employees' thwarted need to belong mediates the relationship between workplace ostracism and organizational dehumanization, which is ultimately associated with employees' increased depression, decreased job satisfaction, increased turnover intentions, and decreased loyalty behaviors. Theoretical contributions, directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.