Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS最新文献

Objectives: The use of brand videos has provided residency programs with another platform to showcase themselves and attract potential applicants. Despite the rise in brand videos following the COVID-19 pandemic, not all orthopedic surgery residency programs have developed one. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brand videos on orthopedic surgery residency program websites and evaluate their contents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of all orthopedic surgery residencies participating in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) in November 2022. The presence of a brand video was reviewed on each program's website and data was collected from the contents of existing videos.

Results: Forty-seven percent (90/192) of programs had a brand video with an average length of 6 minutes and 13 seconds. The top two program qualities highlighted were a family friendly atmosphere with camaraderie (83%; 75/90) and early hands-on surgical experience (72%; 65/90). Despite brand videos being tailored to an audience of prospective residents, only 9% (8/90) of programs noted qualities they look for in prospective residents. Furthermore, only 19% (17/90) of programs displayed a closing slide containing contact information or links to social media accounts.

Conclusion: Only 47% of orthopedic surgery residency programs have established a brand video. The absence of a brand video may be due to programs not perceiving them as important, shortage of resources, or unfamiliarity with video marketing. Based on our findings, we propose recommendations to assist programs in their development of a brand video.

Objectives: An alternative to both the time-consuming traditional and the expensive three-dimensional (3D) methods for splint design is to use two-dimensional (2D) images. The present study utilized image processing to achieve an automatic and practical method of anthropometry measurement to design and build a personalized and remote cock-up splint. This method is applicable for patients unable to personally attend clinic appointments.

Methods: The defined landmarks of the cock-up splint of 100 adult participants were measured manually. Each individual had a 2D image taken of their upper limb using a customized imaging device. The 2D image portions that corresponded to the manual measurements were then identified, and their sizes were retrieved in pixels using MATLAB software. To find equations between manual 3D measurements and 2D image processing ones, multiple linear regression analysis was performed on landmark variables.

Results: We were able to determine equations to estimate manual dimensions based on 2D image data. In the men's group, we could predict the third finger length, forearm circumference at three levels, and the largest forearm circumference. In the women's group, in addition to variables predicted for men, hand circumference at the distal palmar crease and first web levels, as well as arm circumference, could be predicted using the identified equations.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, 2D image processing could be an appropriate method for designing personalized cock-up splints.

Objectives: In the treatment of closed intertrochanteric fractures, the two most common treatment options are intramedullary medullary nail (IMN) and dynamic hip screw (DHS), yet the best treatment method remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in mortality and morbidity between IMN and DHS. Secondarily, this study determines which pre-operative risk factors affect rates of morbidity and mortality.

Methods: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) 2006-2016 database was used to search for patients with a closed intertrochanteric hip fracture. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi Square test to determine pre-operative risk factors associated with complications in fixation with IMN and DHS. Significant variables in this analysis, as well as demographic data, were analyzed via binary logistic regression. The results were recorded as odds ratio (OR) and significant differences were based on a P<0.05.

Results: After adjusting for demographics and clinical covariates, patients who underwent fixation with IMN had higher 30-day mortality, reintubation, UTI, bleeding, prolonged length of stay, and non-home discharged destination rates compared to DHS. Mortality risk was increased by ascites, disseminated cancer, impaired functional status, history of congestive heart failure, and hypoalbuminemia. Bleeding risk was increased by previous percutaneous coronary (PCI) and transfusions and was decreased by impaired functional status. Myocardial infarction risk was increased by female gender.

Conclusion: Our study found that IMN fixation increased risk of mortality, UTI, reintubation, bleeding, prolonged length of stay, and a non-home discharge destination compared to DHS. This study also identified patient risk factors associated with several postoperative complications. These data may better inform orthopaedic surgeons treating closed intertrochanteric fractures.

Objectives: Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh (CST) is an ongoing challenge for orthopaedic surgeons as the diagnosis is often difficult to establish. Currently, there is a shortage of studies investigating risk factors for the development of thigh compartment syndrome following subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of CST following femoral fractures.

Methods: Retrospective review performed in a level one trauma center from January 2011 to December 2020 for all patients with non-pathological acute subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femoral fractures. Variables collected included demographics, injury severity score (ISS) scores, mechanism of injury, classification of femoral fracture, open versus closed injuries, development of compartment syndrome, time to compartment syndrome diagnosis, number of subsequent surgeries, and primary wound closure versus split-thickness skin graft. The statistical analysis of this study included descriptive analysis, simple logistic regression, paired T-test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank.

Results: Thirty-one (7.7%) patients developed thigh compartment syndrome following 403 subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femoral fractures. The mean (SD) age for those who developed CST was 27.35 (8.42). For every unit increase in age, the probability of developing CST decreased. Furthermore, male gender had 18.52 times greater probability of developing CST (P <0.001). AO/OTA 32-C3 and subtrochanteric femoral fracture patterns demonstrated 15.42 (P = 0.011) and 3.15 (P <0.001) greater probability of developing CST, respectively. Patients who presented to the hospital following a motor vehicle accident (MVA) or gunshot wound (GSW) had 5.90 (P= 0.006) and 14.87 (P < 0.001) greater probability of developing CST, respectively.

Conclusion: Patients who were male, younger in age, and had a 32-C3 and subtrochanteric femoral fractures were at increased probability of developing CST. High energy trauma also increased the risk of developing CST. A high index of suspicion should be expressed in patients with these risk factors.

Objectives: The rising popularity of reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (RTSA) demands attention to its growing costs on the healthcare system, especially with the implementation of bundled payments. Charges associated with patients' inpatient stays can be mitigated with a better understanding of the drivers of cost following RTSA. In this study, we evaluate potential pre-operative and post-operative factors associated with higher inpatient costs following RTSA.

Methods: We identified 59,925 patients who underwent RTSA using the National Inpatient Sample between 2016 and 2019. Total inpatient hospital charges were collected, and patients were divided into "normal cost" or "high cost" groups. The high cost group was defined as patients with total costs greater than the 75th percentile. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on pre-operative demographic and comorbidity variables as well as post-operative surgical and medical complications to predict factors associated with higher costs. T-tests and Chi-squared tests were performed, and odds ratios were calculated.

Results: The mean total charges were $141.213.93 in the high cost group and $59,181.94 in the normal cost group. Following multivariate analysis, non-white patients were associated with higher costs by 1.31-fold (P<0.001), but sex and age were not. Cirrhosis and non-elective admission had higher odds of higher costs by 1.56-fold (P<0.001) and 3.13-fold (P<0.001), respectively. Among surgical complications, there were higher odds of high costs for periprosthetic infection by 2.43-fold (P<0.001), periprosthetic mechanical complication by 1.28-fold (P<0.001), and periprosthetic fracture by 1.56-fold (P<0.001). Medical complications generally had higher odds of high costs than surgical complications, with deep vein thrombosis having nearly five times (P<0.001) and myocardial infarction almost four times (P<0.001) higher odds of high inpatient costs.

Conclusion: Post-operative medical complications were the most predictive factors of higher cost following RTSA. Pre-operative optimization to prevent infection and medical complications is imperative to mitigate the economic burden of RTSA's.

Neglected knee dislocations are rare and challenging orthopedic injuries. We report using a traction pin to treat a neglected knee dislocation and a concurrent infection. Following the primary reduction with extensive soft-tissue release, a proximal tibial traction pin was used to obtain complete reduction via traction weight change.‎ No ligamentous repair was done for the patient. The patient's one-year follow-up showed an acceptable radiographic reduction supported by satisfactory clinical outcomes. In conclusion, the proximal tibial traction pin could be a good alternative for treating neglected knee dislocations. It makes future knee replacements more practical, a significant concern in such patients. Meanwhile, it is much more affordable than the other available techniques.

Objectives: To assess fracture union rates using novel intramedullary plate technique. Post-operative humeral neck-shaft angles, patient range of motion and complication profile were secondary outcomes of interest.

Methods: Single surgeon, retrospective case series of surgical technique at major trauma centre in Scotland. A 2.0mm mini-fragment plate was secured to the humeral head to act as an intramedullary strut during fixation in complex proximal humerus fractures. Fracture union and neck-shaft angle were assessed radiologically, whilst range of motion and complication profiles were assessed clinically.

Results: Twelve patients were followed up for an average of 10 months post-operatively. All achieved bony union with a mean neck-shaft angle of 128°. Mean range of motion values were 100° forward elevation, 83° abduction, 60° internal rotation and 37° external rotation. Four patients required further surgical intervention- two for hardware prominence, one for adhesive capsulitis and one for subsequent rotator cuff failure. There were no cases of avascular necrosis or infection.

Conclusion: This novel technique addresses the established biomechanical propensity of proximal humerus fractures to fail in varus collapse and screw cut-out. This method provides an alternative to arthroplasty in the most severe proximal humerus fractures and is readily adopted via standard orthopaedic kit.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex, multifaceted, progressive, and yet incurable complication that can cause irreversible damage to the individual, family, and society. In recent years strategies for the management and rehabilitation of SCI besides axonal regeneration, remyelination, and neuronal plasticity of the injured spinal cord have significantly improved. Although most of the current research and therapeutic advances have been made in animal models, so far, no specific and complete treatment has been reported for SCI in humans. The failure to treat this complication has been due to the inherent neurological complexity and the structural, cellular, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of spinal cord injury. In this review, in addition to elucidating the causes of spinal cord injury from a molecular and pathophysiological perspective, the complexity and drawbacks of neural regeneration that lead to the failure in SCI treatment are described. Also, recent advances and cutting-edge strategies in most areas of SCI treatment are presented.

Objectives: Femoral shaft fractures are one of the most prevalent fractures found in clinical practice. Numerous operative and non-operative options are readily available for the treatment of such fractures with intra-medullary nailing being the gold standard. To date, no consensus has been reached favoring one approach over the other. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes between an antegrade and retrograde intra-medullary nailing for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar (page 1-20), and Embase were searched till January 2024. The clinical outcomes evaluated were the incidence of adverse events, reoperations, hip and knee pain, and surgery-related parameters.

Results: Higher rates of hip pain, and heterotopic ossification (p=0.0003, and p=0.0002 respectively) was observed with antegrade nailing. However, a higher rate of knee pain (p=0.02) was appreciated in retrograde nailing. There was no statistically significant difference in the remaining analyzed outcomes such as operative time, reoperation rate or other complications.

Conclusion: Despite a higher rate of heterotopic ossification using the antegrade nailing technique, both the antegrade and retrograde nailing techniques yield overall similar outcomes. Therefore, the decision to choose one or the other should be based on patient-related factors, and the surgeon's experience and preference.

Objectives: Brachial plexus injuries (BPI), although rare, often results in significant morbidity. Stem cell was thought to be one of BPI treatment modalities because of their nerve-forming regeneration potential. Although there is a possibility for the use of mesenchymal stem cells as one of BPI treatment, it is still limited on animal studies. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze the role of mesenchymal stem cells in nerve regeneration in animal models of brachial plexus injury.

Method: This study is a systematic review with PROSPERO registration number CRD4202128321. Literature searching was conducted using keywords experimental, animal, brachial plexus injury, mesenchymal stem cell implantation, clinical outcomes, electrophysiological outcomes, and histologic outcomes. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The data obtained were described and in-depth analysis was performed.

Result: Four studies were included in this study involving 183 animals from different species those are rats and rabbits. There was an increase in muscle weight and shortened initial onset time of muscle contraction in the group treated with stem cells. Electrophysiological results showed that mesenchymal stem cells exhibited higher (Compound muscle action potential) CMAP amplitude and shorter CMAP latency than control but not better than autograft. Histological outcomes showed an increase in axon density, axon number, and the formation of connections between nerve cells and target muscles.

Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cell implantation to animals with brachial plexus injury showed its ability to regenerate nerve cells as evidenced by clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological results. However, this systematic study involved experimental animals from various species so that the results cannot be uniformed, and conclusion should be drawn cautiously.