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The Behavioral and physiological impacts of the hormesis of chemical contaminants on embryonic zebrafish 化学污染物致效效应对胚胎斑马鱼行为和生理的影响
Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4409
Akshay Kumar, Leya Joykutty, Juliana Caulkins
Pharmaceutical chemicals are being produced, consumed, and excreted in human civilization at an increasing rate. These chemicals have the capacity to accumulate, especially in environments such as freshwater systems, but there have not been any major responses to this threat yet as the present concentrations of the chemicals is not viewed as dangerous. Previous research has shown that the developing concentrations of chemicals is an issue, supporting that these chemicals, though not present in large doses, have impacts on exposed organisms. However, prior research has not been conducted to examine the specific effects of chemicals at hormetic concentrations on freshwater organisms. “Hormetic concentration” defines the concentrations of chemicals at specific levels where the response to a low dose of chemical differs from the response to the high dose, and these were the ranges of concentration that were tested in this experiment. Zebrafish were acquired at zero days post fertilization, transferred to the medium containing the appropriate concentration of chemicals for the group that they would be a part of, and used as a model for aquatic organisms to show the resulting chemical, neural, and physical response to the chemical concentrations. The zebrafish were euthanized via bleaching and freezing prior to seven days post fertilization. The results of this experiment show that there is an ecological risk associated with the environmental accumulation of pharmaceutical chemical contaminants that is inherent to their use in human civilization, a result which makes it clear that this issue needs to be addressed.
在人类文明中,医药化学品正以越来越快的速度被生产、消费和排泄。这些化学物质具有积聚的能力,特别是在淡水系统等环境中,但由于目前的化学物质浓度不被视为危险,因此尚未对这一威胁作出任何重大反应。先前的研究表明,化学物质浓度的增加是一个问题,支持这些化学物质虽然不是大剂量存在,但对暴露的生物体有影响。然而,先前的研究尚未进行,以检查化学物质在致热浓度对淡水生物的具体影响。"辐射浓度"定义了特定水平下化学物质的浓度对低剂量化学物质的反应不同于对高剂量化学物质的反应,这些是在这个实验中测试的浓度范围。斑马鱼是在受精后第0天获得的,将其转移到含有适当浓度的化学物质的培养基中,用于水生生物的模型,以显示对化学物质浓度产生的化学,神经和物理反应。斑马鱼在受精后7天前通过漂白和冷冻安乐死。这项实验的结果表明,在人类文明中使用药物化学污染物所固有的环境积累会带来生态风险,这一结果清楚地表明,这个问题需要得到解决。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Overnutrition on Mediated Collagen in Drosophila Melanogaster Physiology 营养过剩对黑腹果蝇介导的胶原蛋白的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4429
Nicholas Kwok, Julianna Caulkins, Leya Joykutty
Obesity affects approximately 13% of the adult population, resulting in excessive fat cell deposition and metabolic dysfunction. Collagen, a protein that supports skin regeneration, muscle building, and pain relief, is studied in Drosophila melanogaster under different diet conditions. This experiment aims to test whether overnutrition affects physiology and collagen due to any anatomical changes in Drosophila Melanogaster, more commonly known as fruit flies. The research conducted over several weeks utilizes two diets: an obesity-inducing diet containing excessive glucose and coconut oil and a traditional diet of blue food medium, yeast, and water. The study groups include a wild-type, collagen-mutated, and obesity-mutated group, with multiple assays measuring how the obesity-inducing diet affects each population and their collagen levels. The results reveal that the obese group experienced higher food consumption levels but had lower locomotive ability than the other test groups. Hydroxyproline, the building amino acid for collagen, and collagen levels were higher in the obesity mutant than in the wild-type and collagen mutated group. The study shows that anatomical changes in organisms are influenced by both diet and movement. The obesity group, on an obesity-inducing diet, experienced decreased movement related to increased food intake and decreased neural activity. The high-fat and high-sugar diet suppressed neuronal autophagy, created inaccurate hunger and satiety perceptions, and increased collagen deposition. Anatomical changes were observed in collagen-heavy tissue areas, whereas decreased neural activity and increased feeding rates were behavioral changes. The study emphasized the importance of a healthy diet and exercise in promoting overall health.
肥胖影响了大约13%的成年人,导致过多的脂肪细胞沉积和代谢功能障碍。胶原蛋白是一种支持皮肤再生、肌肉形成和缓解疼痛的蛋白质,研究人员在不同的饮食条件下对黑腹果蝇进行了研究。本实验旨在测试营养过剩是否会由于果蝇的解剖学变化而影响生理和胶原蛋白。这项为期数周的研究采用了两种饮食:一种是含有过量葡萄糖和椰子油的肥胖饮食,另一种是含有蓝色食物培养基、酵母和水的传统饮食。研究小组包括野生型、胶原突变组和肥胖突变组,通过多次测定导致肥胖的饮食如何影响每个人群及其胶原蛋白水平。结果表明,肥胖组的食物消耗水平高于其他试验组,但运动能力低于其他试验组。肥胖突变体中胶原蛋白的构建氨基酸羟脯氨酸和胶原蛋白水平高于野生型和胶原蛋白突变组。研究表明,生物的解剖结构变化受到饮食和运动的影响。肥胖组,在肥胖诱导饮食中,经历了与食物摄入量增加和神经活动减少相关的运动减少。高脂肪和高糖饮食抑制神经元自噬,产生不准确的饥饿和饱腹感,并增加胶原蛋白沉积。在胶原蛋白重的组织区域观察到解剖变化,而神经活动的减少和摄食率的增加是行为变化。该研究强调了健康饮食和锻炼对促进整体健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing the Agricultural Infrastructure and Technology of Somalia 增加索马里的农业基础设施和技术
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1925
Jared Blackwell
The purpose of this policy proposal is to address the food and water insecurity that the entire nation of Somalia is experiencing in order to secure the United States’ national interests in the region of The Horn of Africa. I urge Bob Menendez, the chairman of The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, to consider my recommendations to tackle this systemic issue in the fragile state of Somalia because this foreign aid will save millions from severe malnutrition and dehydration, while weakening terrorist organizations in the region at the same time. My policy recommendation to tackle this issue are to increase foreign aid to Somalia in the way of developing water infrastructure countrywide.
这项政策建议的目的是解决整个索马里国家正在经历的粮食和水不安全问题,以确保美国在非洲之角地区的国家利益。我敦促美国参议院外交关系委员会主席鲍勃·梅嫩德斯考虑我关于在脆弱的索马里解决这一系统性问题的建议,因为这项外援将使数百万人免于严重营养不良和脱水,同时削弱该地区的恐怖主义组织。我对解决这个问题的政策建议是增加对索马里的外援,在全国范围内发展水利基础设施。
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引用次数: 0
Combatting Rape Myth Acceptance in United States' Criminal Justice System with Behavioral Economics 用行为经济学打击美国刑事司法系统对强奸神话的接受
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4357
Naina Giri
Using behavioral economics, this paper aims to analyze how rape myth acceptance presents itself in the form of numerous heuristics and biases throughout various stages of the United States’ criminal justice process that a sexual assault case must progress through. Due to the availability heuristic, inaccurate representation of sexual assault in the media promotes rape myth acceptance (RMA) among the general public, including potential jurors and law enforcement officers. Resultantly, police officers’ decision-making processes while investigating sexual assault reports implicitly discriminate female victims as officers struggle with the downstream orientation phenomenon.. In the trial stage, jurors utilize the representativeness heuristic to process complex case information by comparing the rape victim to a mental prototype shaped by rape myths. This hinders the jurors’ human information processing capabilities. Solutions to rape myth acceptance in the United States’ criminal justice system will be described in order to battle the high attrition rate of sexual assault cases.
运用行为经济学,本文旨在分析强奸神话是如何在性侵犯案件必须经过的美国刑事司法程序的各个阶段以各种启发式和偏见的形式呈现出来的。由于可得性启发,媒体对性侵犯的不准确描述促进了公众对强奸神话的接受(RMA),包括潜在的陪审员和执法人员。结果,警察在调查性侵犯报告时的决策过程中隐含地歧视女性受害者,因为警察在与下游取向现象作斗争。在审判阶段,陪审员通过将强奸受害者与强奸神话塑造的心理原型进行比较,利用代表性启发式来处理复杂的案件信息。这阻碍了陪审员的人力信息处理能力。为了对抗性侵犯案件的高流失率,本文将描述美国刑事司法系统对强奸神话接受度的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Cannabidiol and Serotonin on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Crayfish 大麻二酚和血清素对小龙虾焦虑样行为的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1880
Hannah Knight, K. Chamberlain
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid that is being used as a new treatment for many mental and physical medical conditions, including anxiety. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that has been shown to have many roles, including stabilizing mood. Crayfish are invertebrate animals that have been used as a model system to study human diseases. Crayfish are well suited to study the effect of CBD on anxiety due to their documented endocannabinoid system and anxiety-like behavioral traits. In this study, the effects of CBD on anxiety-like behavior in crayfish were investigated using a Light-Dark maze as a behavioral analysis tool. At the doses used, CBD did not independently show any influence on either the Light-Dark preference or the total position moves made by crayfish. 5-HT showed quite variable results compared to the saline solution. 5-HT injection significantly decreased time spent in the dark for crayfish injected with 2µg/g of CBD and significantly decreased movement for crayfish injected with 4µg/g of CBD. The dichotomous behavior of the 5-HT injected crayfish requires more study to determine if underlying factors can explain the varying responses. The concentrations of CBD may also need to be increased to properly examine its role in reducing anxiety.
大麻二酚(CBD)是一种大麻素,被用作许多精神和身体疾病的新疗法,包括焦虑。血清素(5-HT)是一种神经递质,具有多种作用,包括稳定情绪。小龙虾是一种无脊椎动物,被用作研究人类疾病的模型系统。小龙虾非常适合研究CBD对焦虑的影响,因为它们有内源性大麻素系统和类似焦虑的行为特征。本研究采用光-暗迷宫作为行为分析工具,研究了CBD对小龙虾焦虑样行为的影响。在使用的剂量下,CBD对小龙虾的光-暗偏好或总位置移动没有独立的影响。与生理盐水溶液相比,5-HT表现出相当不同的结果。5-HT注射显著减少了注射2µg/g CBD的小龙虾在黑暗中的停留时间,显著减少了注射4µg/g CBD的小龙虾的运动。注射5-羟色胺的小龙虾的两种行为需要更多的研究来确定潜在的因素是否可以解释不同的反应。CBD的浓度也可能需要增加,以适当地检查其在减少焦虑方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
To What Extent Does Technological Overstimulation Affect Productivity? 技术过度刺激在多大程度上影响生产率?
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1927
Felix Kershaw
This research paper investigates the consequences of technological overstimulation on productivity. By establishing a structural basis of the conscious and subconscious effects of technology usage on the mind, through the effects of artificial stimuli on Dopamine release and the myelination of neural pathways, a proportionate relationship between varying degrees of overstimulation and a person's productive output can be determined: signified by fluctuations in the quantity or quality of one's work.
本文探讨了技术过度刺激对生产率的影响。通过建立技术使用对思想的有意识和潜意识影响的结构基础,通过人工刺激对多巴胺释放的影响和神经通路的髓鞘形成,可以确定不同程度的过度刺激与一个人的生产性产出之间的比例关系:通过一个人工作数量或质量的波动来表示。
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引用次数: 0
Is Gen Z in India Moving Towards Financial Independence? - A Study of Their Investment Preferences 印度的Z世代正在走向经济独立吗?-他们的投资偏好研究
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4446
Mahek Dugar, V. Madhavan
Gen Z are financially more sophisticated than any previous generation was at their age and are only at the beginning of their journey to financial independence. With increasing evidence of Gen Z investing in India, the current study aims to explore their investment preferences. A survey was conducted for age group 15-25 asking them about their source of monthly funds, proportions and reasons for saving, investment preferences including proportions, avenues, time frame, risk perceptions and behaviour of investing. The study finds that saving habits of Gen Z are significantly different across gender, age and annual family income and they are gradually moving towards financial independence by relying on their own earnings. Consequently, we found that Gen Z’s investments were largely influenced by higher saving proportions and investing experience of their family members. We also observe that Gen Z is investing long term in assets like Equity Shares, Mutual funds, Fixed Deposit and Gold/Silver, and intraday in risky assets like Crypto.  Factors like rate of return, long term gains and historical performance were found to influence their investment decisions as more than 50% of the Gen Z were found likely to invest in Growth and SIP’s of mutual funds, Growth and Value equity stocks and in Banking and Information Technology sector. Lastly, we see that majority of Gen Z follows a herd behaviour, uses new age investing apps, fearing losses find it difficult to take the first step in investing but are optimistically ready to learn and improve their investing skills.
Z世代在财务上比他们这个年龄的任何一代人都更精明,而且他们才刚刚开始走向财务独立。随着越来越多的证据表明Z世代在印度投资,目前的研究旨在探索他们的投资偏好。一项针对15至25岁年龄组的调查,询问他们每月的资金来源、储蓄的比例和原因、投资偏好(包括比例、途径、时间框架、风险认知和投资行为)。研究发现,Z世代的储蓄习惯在性别、年龄和家庭年收入方面存在显著差异,他们正逐渐依靠自己的收入走向经济独立。因此,我们发现Z世代的投资在很大程度上受到其家庭成员较高的储蓄比例和投资经验的影响。我们还观察到,Z世代正在长期投资股票、共同基金、定期存款和黄金/白银等资产,以及加密货币等高风险资产。研究发现,回报率、长期收益和历史表现等因素会影响他们的投资决策,因为超过50%的Z世代可能会投资于共同基金的成长型和SIP、成长型和价值型股票以及银行和信息技术行业。最后,我们看到大多数Z世代遵循羊群行为,使用新时代投资应用程序,担心损失,发现很难迈出投资的第一步,但乐观地准备学习和提高他们的投资技能。
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引用次数: 1
The Age of the Meta-Doctor: Diagnosing Parkinson’s Disease with Artificial Intelligence and Speech 元医生的时代:用人工智能和语言诊断帕金森病
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4379
Ayush Tripathi, Rajagopal Appavu, Jothsna Kethar
The basal ganglia consist of the striatum, substantia nigra, and other nuclei, forming various pathways of motor initiation. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dysfunction of the basal ganglia pathways. Consequently, PD affects the production of speech. An AI model can analyze audio samples from regular and PD patients. A simple deep learning model with various layers, ReLU activation, sigmoid activation, optimizer, loss function, and Early_Stopping can use extracted speech features to classify patients as regular or PD-afflicted with up to 97% accuracy. Overall, the advent of user-friendly artificial intelligence has led to exciting times, with new medical advancements emerging day after day; perhaps the ease of AI implementation will encourage others to solve everyday problems with just a computer and a dream.
基底神经节由纹状体、黑质等核组成,形成多种运动起始通路。帕金森病(PD)是一种以基底神经节通路功能障碍为特征的神经退行性疾病。因此,PD会影响言语的产生。人工智能模型可以分析普通患者和PD患者的音频样本。一个简单的深度学习模型具有多种层次,包括ReLU激活、sigmoid激活、优化器、损失函数和early_stop,可以使用提取的语音特征将患者分类为正常患者或pd患者,准确率高达97%。总的来说,用户友好的人工智能的出现带来了激动人心的时刻,新的医学进步日复一日;也许人工智能实现的便利性将鼓励其他人只需要一台电脑和一个梦想就能解决日常问题。
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引用次数: 0
Inhabiting the Margins: Personal spaces as the negotiation zones of marginalized subjects 栖居边缘:作为边缘主体协商区域的个人空间
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1931
Xinzhu Chen
In this essay, I investigate the role and underlying political connotations of personal space in Giovanni’s Room by James Baldwin and A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Woolf, both of which enunciate marginalized subjectivity in 20th century English-language literature. I concentrate on using literary analysis while comparing the issues of marginalization, private and public resistance, class, race, and gender. While one text focuses on gayness in Paris and one focuses on queer womanhood in America, both reveal the temporal fragility of their respective marginalized spaces and the subjects’ claim to liberation. To situate this analysis in the wider literary and anthropological conversation, I read them against Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality, Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics by Bell Hooks, and several other texts. My analysis argues that even seemingly quotidian actions are inscribed in a complex literary tradition that lies at the intersection of biopolitics, intersectional feminism, and queer heritage.
在这篇文章中,我研究了詹姆斯·鲍德温的《乔瓦尼的房间》和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《一间自己的房间》中个人空间的作用和潜在的政治内涵,这两部作品都阐明了20世纪英语文学中被边缘化的主体性。我专注于使用文学分析,同时比较边缘化、私人和公共抵抗、阶级、种族和性别等问题。一个文本关注的是巴黎的同性恋,一个关注的是美国的酷儿女性,两者都揭示了各自边缘化空间的时间脆弱性和主题对解放的要求。为了将这种分析置于更广泛的文学和人类学对话中,我将它们与米歇尔·福柯的《性的历史》、贝尔·胡克斯的《女权主义是为每个人的:激情的政治》以及其他一些文本对照阅读。我的分析认为,即使是看似平凡的行为也被刻在一个复杂的文学传统中,这个文学传统位于生命政治、交叉女权主义和酷儿遗产的交叉点。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing Machine Learning to Predict the Number of Bikes in an Area 利用机器学习来预测一个区域内自行车的数量
IF 1.1 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4220
Tavishi Bansal, G. Goldsztein
Machine learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence that uses data to make predictions and improve the accuracy of its outcomes. In this article, the problem discussed is classified as supervised learning and the technique utilized is Logistic Regression. After a description detailing what supervised learning and logistic regression are, using a data set to develop a model which predicts the number of bikes a rental bike company should provide based on certain conditions is discussed. The accuracy of this model is also communicated and the challenges and how the final estimations were reached are covered.
机器学习是一种人工智能,它使用数据进行预测并提高结果的准确性。在本文中,讨论的问题被归类为监督学习,使用的技术是逻辑回归。在详细描述了什么是监督学习和逻辑回归之后,讨论了使用数据集开发一个模型,该模型可以根据某些条件预测租赁自行车公司应该提供的自行车数量。该模型的准确性也进行了沟通,并涵盖了挑战以及如何达到最终估计。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice
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