Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2199195
Debbie Innes-Turnill
ABSTRACT Research has identified an association between poverty and the likelihood of children suffering from abuse. What is less clear is how the experience of living in poverty links to this abuse. This qualitative study investigated individual stories of child abuse and the role of poverty in their lives. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis explanations why children had been abused were elicited from parents and professionals. Poverty as an abstract concept was articulated by parents describing their lived experience, breaking it down into its constituent parts. Social health and environmental contexts and the personal consequences of this emerged from the data. Professionals missed poverty at a macro level by focussing on the micro processes, leading to explanations of the abuse as personal inadequacy rather than systemic issues.
{"title":"Child abuse, the narrative of parents living in poverty: a critical analysis of parental and professional explanations of why a child was harmed","authors":"Debbie Innes-Turnill","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2199195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2199195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has identified an association between poverty and the likelihood of children suffering from abuse. What is less clear is how the experience of living in poverty links to this abuse. This qualitative study investigated individual stories of child abuse and the role of poverty in their lives. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis explanations why children had been abused were elicited from parents and professionals. Poverty as an abstract concept was articulated by parents describing their lived experience, breaking it down into its constituent parts. Social health and environmental contexts and the personal consequences of this emerged from the data. Professionals missed poverty at a macro level by focussing on the micro processes, leading to explanations of the abuse as personal inadequacy rather than systemic issues.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"183 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48781062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2193881
Kateřina Mikulcová, Ivana Kowaliková, L. Caletková, Veronika Mia Racko (Zegzulková), M. Mikulec
ABSTRACT The paper aims to describe the specific context of the homeless children’s living environment and to show the consequences that this context has on the sibling relationships of homeless children in Czechia. The text is based on a psychosocial perspective. The context of the space, where homeless children live strongly affects their socialisation. Sibling relationships, which are transformed in such an environment, become increasingly important. Using a qualitative research strategy, we carried out 30 sets of interviews with homeless parents and children (a total of 60 interviews). We found that the environment of homelessness alters sibling roles in the family, reinforces sibling closeness as a compensation for material deprivation, makes it more difficult for children to detach, escalates sibling conflicts, and generally reinforces a certain exclusivity in relationship. The results show that social work and other helping professions should focus on supporting sibling relationships in the homelessness environment.
{"title":"Exploring the socialization of homeless children in Czechia: sibling relationships","authors":"Kateřina Mikulcová, Ivana Kowaliková, L. Caletková, Veronika Mia Racko (Zegzulková), M. Mikulec","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2193881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2193881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper aims to describe the specific context of the homeless children’s living environment and to show the consequences that this context has on the sibling relationships of homeless children in Czechia. The text is based on a psychosocial perspective. The context of the space, where homeless children live strongly affects their socialisation. Sibling relationships, which are transformed in such an environment, become increasingly important. Using a qualitative research strategy, we carried out 30 sets of interviews with homeless parents and children (a total of 60 interviews). We found that the environment of homelessness alters sibling roles in the family, reinforces sibling closeness as a compensation for material deprivation, makes it more difficult for children to detach, escalates sibling conflicts, and generally reinforces a certain exclusivity in relationship. The results show that social work and other helping professions should focus on supporting sibling relationships in the homelessness environment.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"169 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2214309
Antonio López Peláez, María Elena Aramendia-Muneta, A. Erro-Garcés
ABSTRACT Social workers worldwide must be concerned about how to overcome poverty after the COVID-19. The 61st Session of United Nations Commission for Social Development has highlighted decent work as a priority for social workers and social welfare practitioners after de COVID-19. Decent work is a key strategy to overcome poverty in the post-pandemic time. A systematic review of the literature revealed 225 articles from 2020 on this topic. The descriptors were social work, decent work, good work, decent job, good job, decent employment, and good employment. The results obtained allow us to establish some recommendations to address poverty from the perspective of social work, designing intervention strategies to overcome inequalities.
{"title":"Poverty, social work, and social intervention: decent work as a strategy to overcome poverty after the Covid-19","authors":"Antonio López Peláez, María Elena Aramendia-Muneta, A. Erro-Garcés","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2214309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2214309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social workers worldwide must be concerned about how to overcome poverty after the COVID-19. The 61st Session of United Nations Commission for Social Development has highlighted decent work as a priority for social workers and social welfare practitioners after de COVID-19. Decent work is a key strategy to overcome poverty in the post-pandemic time. A systematic review of the literature revealed 225 articles from 2020 on this topic. The descriptors were social work, decent work, good work, decent job, good job, decent employment, and good employment. The results obtained allow us to establish some recommendations to address poverty from the perspective of social work, designing intervention strategies to overcome inequalities.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"213 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45987612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2233735
Leandi Erasmus, Retha Bloem
ABSTRACT Social work in South Africa is currently engaged in a transformational process to adapt its developmental approach based on the pursuit of social justice. Research has indicated that the values, attitudes, and behaviours of newly qualified social workers is a major determining factor in their pursuit of social justice. Consequently, the study reported here aimed to investigate the above-mentioned as pertaining to the achievement of social justice within client systems. The study, which was of a quantitative, cross-sectional nature, collected responses to a standardised psychometric scale from 108 newly qualified social workers, measuring their values, attitudes, and behaviours regarding social justice. The results reveal that South African-based social workers feel impeded in the work for social justice by inadequate training, skill set, and other obstacles, despite being committed to social justice.
{"title":"An investigation of social justice: the values, attitudes, and behaviour of newly qualified South African social workers","authors":"Leandi Erasmus, Retha Bloem","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2233735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2233735","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social work in South Africa is currently engaged in a transformational process to adapt its developmental approach based on the pursuit of social justice. Research has indicated that the values, attitudes, and behaviours of newly qualified social workers is a major determining factor in their pursuit of social justice. Consequently, the study reported here aimed to investigate the above-mentioned as pertaining to the achievement of social justice within client systems. The study, which was of a quantitative, cross-sectional nature, collected responses to a standardised psychometric scale from 108 newly qualified social workers, measuring their values, attitudes, and behaviours regarding social justice. The results reveal that South African-based social workers feel impeded in the work for social justice by inadequate training, skill set, and other obstacles, despite being committed to social justice.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"231 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46172188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2233845
Helen Hingley‐Jones, G. Kirwan
The original idea for a Special Issue focusing on poverty stems back several years when it seemed timely to take stock of how continuing austere times were impacting upon service users and the social work profession. Although evidence is mixed due to various financial strategies introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the UK at least the rise in the use by families and individuals of foodbanks and disproportionate experiences of poverty within sections of the community (e.g. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black ethnicities in the UK context (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2023)) reveal that poverty remains a primary concern for social work (British Association of Social Workers [BASW], 2023). In keeping with the journal aims we requested in the Call for Papers that authors might propose papers considering social justice and social structural aspects of poverty, but also dimensions incorporating emotional and relational lived experiences of poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted and slowed the process of gathering papers and we wondered whether the impact of poverty and psychosocial restrictions facing practitioners, service users and academics alike, made the subject too present and too overwhelming for authors to consider. However, our focus on psychosocial elements of poverty’s influence broadened as we began to receive papers from writers based in a range of countries, thus indicating how poverty is of ubiquitous concern to social workers in many parts of the world. These papers were more concerned with directly highlighting the role taken by individual social workers, and the professional discipline itself, in driving forward development aims in nations facing much greater challenges than those experienced in relatively wealthy western countries. In finalising the selection of articles for this issue, we felt it important to include some papers addressing this international discourse within social work and the shared concern within the profession regarding the relentless impact of poverty in the lives of many people. In the end, taking an ecological perspective, the papers in this SI range from those with wider, social structural, developmental themes through to medium level themes concerning social work interventions and agencies and to papers which reveal the more personal, lived experiences of poverty and social work’s interaction with these. This SI thus encompasses articles that touch on various aspects of poverty and the many ways in which poverty can negatively influence lived realities across a spectrum of dimensions. While the quantification of poverty is provided in some articles, it was never our intention to only focus on numbers. For decades, there has been a strong focus on the quantitative study of poverty including how to measure an adequate level of income, how to assess wealth, how to count the numbers of people who live in poverty, and for how long. The quantitative study of poverty is important in order to inform strategi
{"title":"Poverty: social work perspectives","authors":"Helen Hingley‐Jones, G. Kirwan","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2233845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2233845","url":null,"abstract":"The original idea for a Special Issue focusing on poverty stems back several years when it seemed timely to take stock of how continuing austere times were impacting upon service users and the social work profession. Although evidence is mixed due to various financial strategies introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the UK at least the rise in the use by families and individuals of foodbanks and disproportionate experiences of poverty within sections of the community (e.g. Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black ethnicities in the UK context (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2023)) reveal that poverty remains a primary concern for social work (British Association of Social Workers [BASW], 2023). In keeping with the journal aims we requested in the Call for Papers that authors might propose papers considering social justice and social structural aspects of poverty, but also dimensions incorporating emotional and relational lived experiences of poverty. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted and slowed the process of gathering papers and we wondered whether the impact of poverty and psychosocial restrictions facing practitioners, service users and academics alike, made the subject too present and too overwhelming for authors to consider. However, our focus on psychosocial elements of poverty’s influence broadened as we began to receive papers from writers based in a range of countries, thus indicating how poverty is of ubiquitous concern to social workers in many parts of the world. These papers were more concerned with directly highlighting the role taken by individual social workers, and the professional discipline itself, in driving forward development aims in nations facing much greater challenges than those experienced in relatively wealthy western countries. In finalising the selection of articles for this issue, we felt it important to include some papers addressing this international discourse within social work and the shared concern within the profession regarding the relentless impact of poverty in the lives of many people. In the end, taking an ecological perspective, the papers in this SI range from those with wider, social structural, developmental themes through to medium level themes concerning social work interventions and agencies and to papers which reveal the more personal, lived experiences of poverty and social work’s interaction with these. This SI thus encompasses articles that touch on various aspects of poverty and the many ways in which poverty can negatively influence lived realities across a spectrum of dimensions. While the quantification of poverty is provided in some articles, it was never our intention to only focus on numbers. For decades, there has been a strong focus on the quantitative study of poverty including how to measure an adequate level of income, how to assess wealth, how to count the numbers of people who live in poverty, and for how long. The quantitative study of poverty is important in order to inform strategi","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"131 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46172870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2022.2162488
Hannah Jones
ABSTRACT This 2017 study explores social workers’ perspectives on the interaction of UK government discourse, poverty, and social work practice with families since the 2007–08 economic crash. This has continued relevance in today’s economic climate when the number of families in poverty is increasing. This small-scale qualitative study used interviews with social workers undertaking assessments in statutory children and young people’s service in one inner-London borough, analysed using thematic analysis. Conducted for a Social Work Masters dissertation, the study finds social workers hold structural explanations for poverty, and feel themselves to be in conflict with the prevailing individualising poverty discourse. Approaches to financial talk with families risk foreclosing the possibility of open discussion and unintentionally reinforce stigma. The sense of conflict in working within the austerity climate bears an emotional toll on participants.
{"title":"‘A constant battle’: the interaction of government discourse, poverty and child and family social work practice","authors":"Hannah Jones","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2022.2162488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2022.2162488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This 2017 study explores social workers’ perspectives on the interaction of UK government discourse, poverty, and social work practice with families since the 2007–08 economic crash. This has continued relevance in today’s economic climate when the number of families in poverty is increasing. This small-scale qualitative study used interviews with social workers undertaking assessments in statutory children and young people’s service in one inner-London borough, analysed using thematic analysis. Conducted for a Social Work Masters dissertation, the study finds social workers hold structural explanations for poverty, and feel themselves to be in conflict with the prevailing individualising poverty discourse. Approaches to financial talk with families risk foreclosing the possibility of open discussion and unintentionally reinforce stigma. The sense of conflict in working within the austerity climate bears an emotional toll on participants.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2185213
Ciarán Murphy
ABSTRACT The English child protection system continues to be the focus of national commentary in light of several high-profile deaths and the recently published reports from the Review of Children’s Social Care, and the Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel. Whilst narratives of ‘failure’, ‘betrayal’, and ‘scandalous incompetence’ perpetuate, these forgo consideration of the complexity of child protection work, nor do they acknowledge that during the COVID-19 ‘lockdowns’, social workers remained one of the few professional groups visiting vulnerable families at home. Moreover, of the recent accounts of the lived experience of social workers, these have omitted a specific overview of what it means to be a child protection practitioner. Drawing from an original ethnography of a statutory child protection team and supplemented by follow-up interviews, the article seeks to elucidate the long-standing lived experience of a cohort of child protection social workers. It highlights a ‘tendency’ to be the target of threats and intimidation and identifies other costs in the context of health and personal relationships. The article concludes that these findings could help us better understand child protection workforce instability and the system’s reliance on agency staff – both of which continue to be identified as contributory in child death tragedies.
{"title":"How learning from the lived experiences of child protection social workers can help us understand the factors underpinning workforce instability within the English child protection system","authors":"Ciarán Murphy","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2185213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2185213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The English child protection system continues to be the focus of national commentary in light of several high-profile deaths and the recently published reports from the Review of Children’s Social Care, and the Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel. Whilst narratives of ‘failure’, ‘betrayal’, and ‘scandalous incompetence’ perpetuate, these forgo consideration of the complexity of child protection work, nor do they acknowledge that during the COVID-19 ‘lockdowns’, social workers remained one of the few professional groups visiting vulnerable families at home. Moreover, of the recent accounts of the lived experience of social workers, these have omitted a specific overview of what it means to be a child protection practitioner. Drawing from an original ethnography of a statutory child protection team and supplemented by follow-up interviews, the article seeks to elucidate the long-standing lived experience of a cohort of child protection social workers. It highlights a ‘tendency’ to be the target of threats and intimidation and identifies other costs in the context of health and personal relationships. The article concludes that these findings could help us better understand child protection workforce instability and the system’s reliance on agency staff – both of which continue to be identified as contributory in child death tragedies.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"263 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2185214
J. Koprowska
{"title":"Why group therapy works and how to do it: a guide for health and social care professionals","authors":"J. Koprowska","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2185214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2185214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2185212
Jochen Devlieghere, Karel De Vos, G. Roets, R. Roose
ABSTRACT Public welfare actors struggle with the question how they can guarantee children’s wellbeing. The answer to this question depends on the countries’ perspective concerning its responsibility for the care of its citizens. In the Flemish context, a maximalist child protection logic – with a focus on the realisation of rights – is adopted. In this article, we focus on the so-called ‘bottleneck cases’ and use the case of Zoë as a concrete application of the legislative framework that regulates the bottleneck case system. By analysing the case of Zoë, we show that a maximalist policy discourse that is based on commitment towards complex situations sometimes masks a minimalist policy logic. The issue that prompts itself is that this does not mean that a maximalist practice is not realised, but that it is realised because social practitioners deviate from the policy plans, while pretending ‘as if’ they follow them.
{"title":"Realising a responsive social work practice in a non-responsive context","authors":"Jochen Devlieghere, Karel De Vos, G. Roets, R. Roose","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2185212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2185212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Public welfare actors struggle with the question how they can guarantee children’s wellbeing. The answer to this question depends on the countries’ perspective concerning its responsibility for the care of its citizens. In the Flemish context, a maximalist child protection logic – with a focus on the realisation of rights – is adopted. In this article, we focus on the so-called ‘bottleneck cases’ and use the case of Zoë as a concrete application of the legislative framework that regulates the bottleneck case system. By analysing the case of Zoë, we show that a maximalist policy discourse that is based on commitment towards complex situations sometimes masks a minimalist policy logic. The issue that prompts itself is that this does not mean that a maximalist practice is not realised, but that it is realised because social practitioners deviate from the policy plans, while pretending ‘as if’ they follow them.","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1080/02650533.2023.2179607
Martin Smith
{"title":"Mentalizing and epistemic trust. The work of Peter Fonagy and colleagues at the Anna Freud Centre","authors":"Martin Smith","doi":"10.1080/02650533.2023.2179607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2023.2179607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Work Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"397 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44875691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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