Journal of Wrist Surgery最新文献

Background  Open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures is one of the most common procedures performed in wrist surgery. The use of volar locking plate has gained increasing interest in the past decade. Epiphyseal fixation can be done either with locking screws or smooth locking pegs, with no evidence supporting the use of one rather than the other. Purpose  The aim of this study is to compare the stability of distal radius fixation by volar locking plate using locking screws or smooth locking pegs. Methods  Adult patients with A2-A3 AO fractures treated with a volar plate with locking screws only or smooth locking pegs only were retrospectively included. Radiographic assessment was performed to evaluate extra-articular parameters in the intraoperative postreduction and fixation period and after bony healing. Forty-seven distal radius fractures were included. Results  Twenty-four fractures had fixation with locking screws and 23 had fixation with smooth locking pegs. For both groups, all radiographic parameters measured showed a statistically significant difference between the intraoperative postreduction and fixation period and the remote postoperative period after union of the fracture ( p  < 0.05) attesting a slight loss of reduction. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the groups in radiographic extra-articular parameters. Conclusion  This clinical study shows that there is no difference in stability fixation between locking screws or smooth locking pegs in A2-A3 distal radius fractures. Clinical Relevance  The use of smooth locking pegs only for epiphyseal fixation appears to be safe in volar plating of A2-A3 distal radius fractures in adult patients and could be an alternative to locking screws. More clinical data are needed to confirm these results. Level of Evidence  Level III; retrospective comparative study.

Background  The integrity of the foveal insertion of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is currently assessed by inference using the hook test. Using dry arthroscopic techniques, the primary author observed that many patients with painful distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and a positive hook test had an intact foveal insertion. This study was performed to determine whether a positive hook test is a reliable index of a tear of the foveal insertion. Technique  The hook test is performed using a probe to elevate the TFCC off the ulna head toward the articular surface of the lunate. In this study, the hook test was considered positive if the TFCC could be elevated to bridge more than 80% of the space between the TFCC and the articular surface of the lunate. Patients and Methods  A retrospective study was performed using the medical records and arthroscopic videos of 113 patients who had clinical signs of DRUJ instability and underwent arthroscopic surgery performed by the primary author in 2020. It was documented whether the hook test was positive or negative, whether the foveal insertion was intact, abnormal or absent, and whether there were peripheral (dorsal or volar) tears of the TFCC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using arthroscopic findings as the reference standard. Results  The sensitivity of the hook test was found to be 100%, and the specificity was 7.0%. The positive predictive value for foveal pathology was found to be 12.3% and the negative predictive value 100%. The diagnostic accuracy of the hook test in determining the presence of foveal tears was found to be 17.7%. The diagnostic accuracy of the hook test in determining the presence of a TFCC abnormality was 99.1%. Conclusions  A positive hook test is indicative of a tear of the TFCC, but it is not anatomically specific for a tear of the foveal insertion. To reliably assess the foveal insertion, it must be visualized and probed using dry arthroscopic techniques.

Background  Exercises are frequently prescribed to regain function; yet there is no consensus on a standardized protocol, and adherence is low. Smart technology innovations, such as mobile applications, may be useful to provide home-based patient support in rehabilitation after distal radius fractures. Purposes  Our purpose was to establish the potential of digital innovations for support and monitoring of patients and treatment adherence in rehabilitation programs, and additionally, to compare the current practice among physiotherapists to the various wrist exercise regimens and their effectiveness as described in the literature. Methods  Standard practice, including the use of support tools for treatment adherence, was evaluated using a nationwide survey. Then, scientific databases were searched using "distal radius fracture" and "physiotherapy" or "exercise therapy," and related search terms, up until 23 March 2023. Results of the survey and literature review were compared. Results  The survey was completed by 92 therapists. Nonstandardized support tools were used by 81.6% of respondents; 53.2% used some form of technology, including taking photos on the patients' smartphone for home reference. In the literature review, 23 studies were included, of which five described an exercise protocol. Treatment adherence was not reported in any of the included studies. Two studies described the use of smart technology or support tools. Conclusions  There is no consensus on a standardized exercise protocol for rehabilitation after distal radius fractures, neither from a systematic literature search nor from a nationwide survey. Smart technology may facilitate monitoring of patients and exercise adherence, hereby supporting self-efficacy and improving adherence and outcomes.

Background  Carpal bone tumors are rare in the literature, making it difficult to identify their clinical presentation. Purpose  This systematic review analyzes the characteristics of published carpal bone tumor cases to identify the most frequent patterns in diagnoses. Attention is paid to the carpal bone involved and type, and patient demographics was performed to summarize published findings. Methods  A systematic review was searched on PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases gathering literature on carpal bone tumors. After applying specific criteria, final analysis of the literature yielded 151 patients with 156 carpal bone neoplasms. Results  The most common carpal bones involved were the scaphoid (48, 31%), capitate (31, 20%), and hamate (24, 15%). Benign tumors represented the largest majority (133, 85%), followed by metastatic (17, 11%) and primary malignant (7, 5%). The most frequent tumor types were osteoid osteoma (37, 24%), osteoblastoma or giant cell tumor (24, 15%), intraosseous ganglia (21, 13%), and chondroblastoma (14, 9%). Within the metastatic category, most tumors derived from lung carcinoma (10, 59%), followed by renal cell carcinoma (2, 12%). There were three types within the malignant category: chondrosarcoma (3, 43%), hemangioendothelial sarcoma (3, 43%), and osteosarcoma (1, 14%). Conclusion  The most frequent carpal bones observed were the scaphoid, capitate, and hamate. Most tumors were benign. The most common tumor types were osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor. Metastatic carpal tumors were most commonly from lung carcinoma. Chondrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma were the most common primary malignancies.

Purpose  Reconstruction and stabilization of ulnar stump after distal ulna tumor resection is still a matter of debate. We present the outcomes of ulnar buttress arthroplasty without stabilization of the ulna stump in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of the distal ulna. Methods  Evaluation of functional outcome was performed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS93) score, Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. We also assessed the hand grip strength, range of motion at the wrist, and ulnar carpal translation. Results  The study included 8 patients with Campanacci grade 3 GCTB of the distal ulna with a mean follow-up of 35.5 ± 9.1 months. The mean resection length was 7.7 ± 1.3 cm. The mean hand grip strength on the operated side was noted to be 90 ± 0.04% of the contralateral side. Mean MSTS93 score was 27.9 ± 1.25, mean MMWS was 86.9 ± 4.58%, and the mean DASH score was 4.9 ± 1.67, depicting a good to excellent functional outcome with low degree of disability. No radiocarpal instability, ulnar carpal translation, prominence, or instability of the proximal ulnar stump was noted in any patient. Conclusion  Reconstruction of the distal radioulnar joint using iliac crest bone graft for ulnar buttress without stabilization of the ulnar stump after resection of the distal ulna is an effective reconstruction option with good functional outcome and preservation of good hand grip strength. Level of Evidence  Level IV, Therapeutic study.

Background  Scaphoid stress fractures are rare and typically present in young, elite male athletes. Due to the infrequency in which these injuries are encountered, the optimum management is not established. Case Description  We present the case of a 20-year-old male gymnast with bilateral stress fractures of the scaphoid waist. Following conservative treatment, clinical and radiological signs of union were seen bilaterally. Eight months after return to normal activities, a unilateral recurrence of the stress fracture occurred. This was successfully treated with internal fixation and bone grafting. Literature Review  Scaphoid stress fractures are most frequently seen in gymnasts but also occur in participants of other sports involving repetitive loading of an extended wrist. This action conveys force predominantly through the waist of the scaphoid. Most case studies have reported high union rates, whether treated operatively or conservatively, and the patients returned to high-level sport with no further problems. Stress fracture recurrence has been reported in other bones such as the metatarsal and tibia but never before in the scaphoid. Our case is unusual in that the patient suffered ongoing problems due to a recurrence of the scaphoid stress fracture after returning to normal activities. Clinical Relevance  Clinicians should be aware that scaphoid stress fracture recurrence can occur, counsel patients accordingly, and remain vigilant after apparent union. We would recommend early fixation to allow a quicker return to function and prevention of recurrence.

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infections of the hand, wrist, and upper extremity are rare, but potentially devastating atypical mycobacterial infections that can affect tendon, bone, and other soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. We present an immunocompromised patient presenting with acute swelling and pain in the dorsum of the hand and wrist that underwent a wrist extensor tenosynovectomy with intraoperative cultures revealing infection with MAI. The patient developed severe progression of the infection with osteomyelitis of the distal forearm and carpal bones, multiple subsequent extensor tendon ruptures, and dorsal skin necrosis. The infection was eradicated with a combination of surgical treatment and antibiotic therapy. The case is discussed in context of the prior scant literature of infectious tenosynovitis of the hand, wrist, and upper extremity caused by MAI. This case report and literature review outline recommendations for diagnosis and effective treatment of MAI.