Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1177/00916471231221106
Cailey B. Clarke, Samuel Berg, Margaret Allison Clarke
This study investigated how Christian therapists are able to resolve any internal conflicts that arise when working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) clients. The study focused on the participants’ internal processes when working with LGBTQ clients, highlighting individual experiences and themes. The study revealed that the more open-minded and self-aware participants were, the more likely they were to have intentional practices to resolve internal conflicts. It also revealed that education, particularly at seminaries, is not adequately preparing therapists to resolve internal conflicts or work with gender and sexual minorities. Ultimately, this research study underscored the importance of therapists being aware of their own beliefs and the impact they may have, as well as being educated on LGBTQ issues, microaggressions, and how to work with gender and sexual minority clients without discrimination and judgment.
{"title":"Prioritizing LGBTQ Clients’ Mental Health: How Christian Therapists Resolve Internal Conflicts to Remain Ethical","authors":"Cailey B. Clarke, Samuel Berg, Margaret Allison Clarke","doi":"10.1177/00916471231221106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231221106","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how Christian therapists are able to resolve any internal conflicts that arise when working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) clients. The study focused on the participants’ internal processes when working with LGBTQ clients, highlighting individual experiences and themes. The study revealed that the more open-minded and self-aware participants were, the more likely they were to have intentional practices to resolve internal conflicts. It also revealed that education, particularly at seminaries, is not adequately preparing therapists to resolve internal conflicts or work with gender and sexual minorities. Ultimately, this research study underscored the importance of therapists being aware of their own beliefs and the impact they may have, as well as being educated on LGBTQ issues, microaggressions, and how to work with gender and sexual minority clients without discrimination and judgment.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1177/00916471231215293
Cory Duffield, Elizabeth M. Mateer, Madison Foster, Joel Jin, Winnie Fung, Joey J. Fung
Intrinsic religiosity is a focus on religion for its own sake without consideration of its perceived external benefits. God perfectionism is an external source of perfectionism that is perceived to come from a higher power. This study investigates God perfectionism as a causal pathway between intrinsic religiosity and life satisfaction. Christian college students ( n = 125; male = 44%, female = 56%; Mage = 19.9 years, SD = 1.46, range = 15–56) were surveyed on perfectionism from God (standards and discrepancy), intrinsic religiosity, and satisfaction with life. Analyses indicated that intrinsic religiosity was associated with higher levels of life satisfaction ( b = .33, p = .0183). Our mediation analyses found significant indirect effects from intrinsic religiosity to life satisfaction through our mediator of perceived discrepancy from God ( b = .13, CI = .02 to .32), but the indirect effects via perceived standards from God were not significant. Results illustrate how intrinsic religiosity can affect life satisfaction based on one’s personal perception of God’s standards and discrepancies. Implications of these findings could lead to further research on what aspects of religiosity contribute to standards or discrepancy from God.
{"title":"God Perfectionism as a Mediator of Intrinsic Religiosity and Life Satisfaction: A Christian Sample of Young Adults","authors":"Cory Duffield, Elizabeth M. Mateer, Madison Foster, Joel Jin, Winnie Fung, Joey J. Fung","doi":"10.1177/00916471231215293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231215293","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic religiosity is a focus on religion for its own sake without consideration of its perceived external benefits. God perfectionism is an external source of perfectionism that is perceived to come from a higher power. This study investigates God perfectionism as a causal pathway between intrinsic religiosity and life satisfaction. Christian college students ( n = 125; male = 44%, female = 56%; Mage = 19.9 years, SD = 1.46, range = 15–56) were surveyed on perfectionism from God (standards and discrepancy), intrinsic religiosity, and satisfaction with life. Analyses indicated that intrinsic religiosity was associated with higher levels of life satisfaction ( b = .33, p = .0183). Our mediation analyses found significant indirect effects from intrinsic religiosity to life satisfaction through our mediator of perceived discrepancy from God ( b = .13, CI = .02 to .32), but the indirect effects via perceived standards from God were not significant. Results illustrate how intrinsic religiosity can affect life satisfaction based on one’s personal perception of God’s standards and discrepancies. Implications of these findings could lead to further research on what aspects of religiosity contribute to standards or discrepancy from God.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471231212478
Marcella A. Locke, Paul Youngbin Kim
While there is an abundance of research on the relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans, few studies have examined how emotion and religious variables influence this relationship. Thus, using a moderated mediation model, we investigated how emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping might affect the relationship between close others’ stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking among a sample of Asian American students ( N = 105) from a Christian university. We predicted that (a) self-stigma would positively mediate the association between close others’ stigma and help-seeking attitudes, and (b) emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping would moderate this relationship. Mediation results showed that close others’ stigma was related to self-stigma, which in turn was associated with help-seeking attitudes. Moreover, this mediating relationship was moderated by religious coping ( n = 70) but not emotion socialization or regulation; emotion regulation and help-seeking attitudes, however, were positively correlated. These findings highlight the influence of religious coping and emotion regulation strategies on views of counseling, and we reflect on some implications of these findings.
{"title":"Emotion, Religious Coping, Stigma, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Asian Americans: Examination of Moderated Mediation","authors":"Marcella A. Locke, Paul Youngbin Kim","doi":"10.1177/00916471231212478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231212478","url":null,"abstract":"While there is an abundance of research on the relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans, few studies have examined how emotion and religious variables influence this relationship. Thus, using a moderated mediation model, we investigated how emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping might affect the relationship between close others’ stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking among a sample of Asian American students ( N = 105) from a Christian university. We predicted that (a) self-stigma would positively mediate the association between close others’ stigma and help-seeking attitudes, and (b) emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping would moderate this relationship. Mediation results showed that close others’ stigma was related to self-stigma, which in turn was associated with help-seeking attitudes. Moreover, this mediating relationship was moderated by religious coping ( n = 70) but not emotion socialization or regulation; emotion regulation and help-seeking attitudes, however, were positively correlated. These findings highlight the influence of religious coping and emotion regulation strategies on views of counseling, and we reflect on some implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/00916471231200574
Bethany Ferguson, Anne Wangugi, Robert Craig, Cynthia Eriksson
Employees of faith-based international organizations have been shown to be uniquely at risk for mental health symptoms, including depression and posttraumatic stress, while social support has been demonstrated to be an important protective factor. Cultural humility, which is understood as an openness to appreciate and learn from others, has also been shown to contribute to wellbeing for cross-cultural employees. Eighty-eight cross-cultural faith-based workers completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Social Provisions Scale, and Cultural Humility Scale as a part of a larger needs assessment conducted in late 2020 during the global COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that social support would relate inversely to mental health symptoms, and that cultural humility would moderate the relationship between support and symptoms. Path analysis confirmed this hypothesis. When participants reported moderate to high levels of cultural humility, there was a strengthened relationship between social support and lower mental health symptoms. Thus, cultural humility appears to activate the relationship between social support and reduced mental health symptoms. International organizations can contribute to employee resilience in traumatic contexts by promoting both cultural humility and social support.
{"title":"Experienced Social Support and Cultural Humility for Faith-Based Cross-Cultural Workers During COVID-19","authors":"Bethany Ferguson, Anne Wangugi, Robert Craig, Cynthia Eriksson","doi":"10.1177/00916471231200574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231200574","url":null,"abstract":"Employees of faith-based international organizations have been shown to be uniquely at risk for mental health symptoms, including depression and posttraumatic stress, while social support has been demonstrated to be an important protective factor. Cultural humility, which is understood as an openness to appreciate and learn from others, has also been shown to contribute to wellbeing for cross-cultural employees. Eighty-eight cross-cultural faith-based workers completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Social Provisions Scale, and Cultural Humility Scale as a part of a larger needs assessment conducted in late 2020 during the global COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that social support would relate inversely to mental health symptoms, and that cultural humility would moderate the relationship between support and symptoms. Path analysis confirmed this hypothesis. When participants reported moderate to high levels of cultural humility, there was a strengthened relationship between social support and lower mental health symptoms. Thus, cultural humility appears to activate the relationship between social support and reduced mental health symptoms. International organizations can contribute to employee resilience in traumatic contexts by promoting both cultural humility and social support.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1177/00916471231206361
Anna Holleman, Laura Upenieks, David Eagle
Recent research has shown Mainline Protestant clergy evidence poor mental health. In accounting for this, research has focused on occupational factors that impact health, with less attention paid to the role of selection into ministry as it relates to health. We investigate one possible selection characteristic, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), among a sample of 535 seminarians attending a Mainline seminary. Compared with a demographically matched national sample, these seminarians reported higher prevalence of the childhood experiences of emotional abuse, of living with someone with mental illness, and of sexual abuse. These seminarians also reported lower prevalence of parental separation/divorce and of familial incarceration. Furthermore, we found demographic variations in the prevalence of certain ACEs among the sample of seminarians. In addition to informing the scholarly discussion regarding mechanisms associated with clergy well-being, this work highlights the need for seminaries to attend to the ministerial formation of students with these experiences.
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Seminarians: Personal Experiences of Trauma and Implications for Pastoral Well-Being and Ministerial Training","authors":"Anna Holleman, Laura Upenieks, David Eagle","doi":"10.1177/00916471231206361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231206361","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown Mainline Protestant clergy evidence poor mental health. In accounting for this, research has focused on occupational factors that impact health, with less attention paid to the role of selection into ministry as it relates to health. We investigate one possible selection characteristic, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), among a sample of 535 seminarians attending a Mainline seminary. Compared with a demographically matched national sample, these seminarians reported higher prevalence of the childhood experiences of emotional abuse, of living with someone with mental illness, and of sexual abuse. These seminarians also reported lower prevalence of parental separation/divorce and of familial incarceration. Furthermore, we found demographic variations in the prevalence of certain ACEs among the sample of seminarians. In addition to informing the scholarly discussion regarding mechanisms associated with clergy well-being, this work highlights the need for seminaries to attend to the ministerial formation of students with these experiences.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.1177/00916471231206360
Neal Krause, Gail Ironson
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between belief in divine healing and HbA1c (a biomarker of blood glucose control). Three major findings emerged from our analysis of data from a nationwide survey. First, a set of descriptive analyses suggest that faith healing beliefs are not the sole province of Conservative Christians. Instead, belief in divine healing is more widely spread in the general population. Second, our analyses indicate there is a nonlinear relationship between belief in divine healing and HbA1c values: HbA1c scores are relatively high (i.e., less desirable) among study participants with low levels of belief in faith healing. However, levels of HbA1c are lower among study participants with a stronger belief in the divine. Third, our analyses further indicate that a religious sense of meaning in life, but not a general sense of meaning, mediates the relationship between belief in faith healing and HbA1c values.
{"title":"Belief in Faith Healing and HbA1c: Exploring the Mediating Role of Meaning in Life","authors":"Neal Krause, Gail Ironson","doi":"10.1177/00916471231206360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231206360","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between belief in divine healing and HbA1c (a biomarker of blood glucose control). Three major findings emerged from our analysis of data from a nationwide survey. First, a set of descriptive analyses suggest that faith healing beliefs are not the sole province of Conservative Christians. Instead, belief in divine healing is more widely spread in the general population. Second, our analyses indicate there is a nonlinear relationship between belief in divine healing and HbA1c values: HbA1c scores are relatively high (i.e., less desirable) among study participants with low levels of belief in faith healing. However, levels of HbA1c are lower among study participants with a stronger belief in the divine. Third, our analyses further indicate that a religious sense of meaning in life, but not a general sense of meaning, mediates the relationship between belief in faith healing and HbA1c values.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1177/00916471231184556
B. Zarzycka, Kamil Tomaka, Radosław Rybarski
Emotions are essential in many areas of human life, including religion. Religion can arouse emotions, for example, God’s closeness can be a source of joy and gratitude, while God’s silence can cause anger or disappointment. Furthermore, and vice versa, emotions can affect how people experience or refer to God. This study investigated guilt and shame in relation to prayer and ingratiatory behavior toward God. A moderated mediation model was tested in two samples of Polish adults (Sample 1: n = 321; 53.9% female, mean age = 37.07, and Sample 2: n = 344; 57.0% female, mean age = 37.07) to examine the mediating role of prayer and moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between guilt and shame with religious ingratiation. The Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, Religious Ingratiation Scale, Multidimensional Prayer Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale were used in the study. Guilt and shame positively correlated with religious ingratiation. In both samples, the guilt and shame–religious ingratiation link was mediated through adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer among those low in intrinsic religious orientation.
{"title":"Guilt, Shame, and Religious Ingratiation: The Mediating Role of Prayer and the Moderating Role of Intrinsic Religious Orientation","authors":"B. Zarzycka, Kamil Tomaka, Radosław Rybarski","doi":"10.1177/00916471231184556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231184556","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions are essential in many areas of human life, including religion. Religion can arouse emotions, for example, God’s closeness can be a source of joy and gratitude, while God’s silence can cause anger or disappointment. Furthermore, and vice versa, emotions can affect how people experience or refer to God. This study investigated guilt and shame in relation to prayer and ingratiatory behavior toward God. A moderated mediation model was tested in two samples of Polish adults (Sample 1: n = 321; 53.9% female, mean age = 37.07, and Sample 2: n = 344; 57.0% female, mean age = 37.07) to examine the mediating role of prayer and moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between guilt and shame with religious ingratiation. The Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, Religious Ingratiation Scale, Multidimensional Prayer Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale were used in the study. Guilt and shame positively correlated with religious ingratiation. In both samples, the guilt and shame–religious ingratiation link was mediated through adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer among those low in intrinsic religious orientation.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64994659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/00916471231167225
Laura Upenieks, Terrence D Hill, Joanne Ford-Robertson
The COVID-19 pandemic was an inherently stressful global crisis that was associated with weight gain for over 40% of the American public. Building on previous research, we draw on recently collected national survey data from the United States to examine the effects of religious attendance (both in-person and virtual), the sense of divine control, and religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles on pandemic weight gain. A series of logistic regression models were conducted. Our findings suggest that divine control and monthly in-person religious attendance were associated with a lower risk of pandemic weight gain, while R/S struggles were associated with a higher risk of weight gain. Our results reveal the complex role that religiosity can play with respect to pandemic weight gain.
{"title":"Religion and Pandemic Weight Gain: A Refuge from the Storm?","authors":"Laura Upenieks, Terrence D Hill, Joanne Ford-Robertson","doi":"10.1177/00916471231167225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00916471231167225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was an inherently stressful global crisis that was associated with weight gain for over 40% of the American public. Building on previous research, we draw on recently collected national survey data from the United States to examine the effects of religious attendance (both in-person and virtual), the sense of divine control, and religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles on pandemic weight gain. A series of logistic regression models were conducted. Our findings suggest that divine control and monthly in-person religious attendance were associated with a lower risk of pandemic weight gain, while R/S struggles were associated with a higher risk of weight gain. Our results reveal the complex role that religiosity can play with respect to pandemic weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10183346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1177/00916471231189672
Â. Leite, Bruno Nobre, Paulo Dias
This study aims to validate, for the Portuguese population, the bidimensional structure of the Hoge Intrinsic Motivation Religiosity Scale (HIMRS) and the four-dimensional structure of the Rohrbaugh and Jessor Religiosity Scale (RJRS); it also aims to establish an association between the two religious scales and religious identity. To this end, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with polychoric matrix (for ordinal data) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) were carried out. Besides reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and AVE squared roots. The Portuguese versions of the HIMRS and RJRS presented good model fit. These instruments correlated with each other and with religious identity. Differences in religious motivation and in religious identity concerning sociodemographic variables were found: women, divorced, and older participants define themselves as being more spiritual or religious persons than men, single or married, and younger participants. Also, years of education were positively associated with religious intrinsic motivation and negatively associated with religious extrinsic motivation. This study provides two more instruments with adequate properties to assess intrinsic religious motivations, past-year frequency of religious service attendance, and personal religiosity for the Portuguese population.
{"title":"Validation of the Portuguese Version of Hoge Intrinsic Motivation Religiosity Scale and Rohrbaugh and Jessor Religiosity Scale","authors":"Â. Leite, Bruno Nobre, Paulo Dias","doi":"10.1177/00916471231189672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231189672","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to validate, for the Portuguese population, the bidimensional structure of the Hoge Intrinsic Motivation Religiosity Scale (HIMRS) and the four-dimensional structure of the Rohrbaugh and Jessor Religiosity Scale (RJRS); it also aims to establish an association between the two religious scales and religious identity. To this end, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with polychoric matrix (for ordinal data) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) were carried out. Besides reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and AVE squared roots. The Portuguese versions of the HIMRS and RJRS presented good model fit. These instruments correlated with each other and with religious identity. Differences in religious motivation and in religious identity concerning sociodemographic variables were found: women, divorced, and older participants define themselves as being more spiritual or religious persons than men, single or married, and younger participants. Also, years of education were positively associated with religious intrinsic motivation and negatively associated with religious extrinsic motivation. This study provides two more instruments with adequate properties to assess intrinsic religious motivations, past-year frequency of religious service attendance, and personal religiosity for the Portuguese population.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/00916471231185811
Juan Carlos Hugues, S. Rouse
Most US churches are non-affirming toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning and more (LGBTQ+) communities, but a few have developed affirming theologies. We investigate the causal link between church messages and imagery on the expectation that queer Christians would feel accepted in a church. We designed two church websites with affirming and non-affirming theology. We hypothesized that queer Christians who examined an affirming church website would feel a greater sense of church acceptance than those who viewed a non-affirming church website. Queer Christians evidenced significantly greater expectations that they would be accepted when viewing the affirming church website than when viewing the non-affirming website. Exploratory analyses examined how these websites affected straight Christians. Straight Christians did not differ significantly between the two conditions but showed a trend toward greater feelings of acceptance by the affirming church. Therefore, when finding a church, symbols rooted in affirming theology welcome LGBTQ+ and straight Christians more than those rooted in non-affirming theology.
{"title":"Everyone Belongs Here: How Affirming and Non-Affirming Church Messages and Imagery Cause Different Feelings of Acceptance in LGBTQ+ Christians","authors":"Juan Carlos Hugues, S. Rouse","doi":"10.1177/00916471231185811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471231185811","url":null,"abstract":"Most US churches are non-affirming toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning and more (LGBTQ+) communities, but a few have developed affirming theologies. We investigate the causal link between church messages and imagery on the expectation that queer Christians would feel accepted in a church. We designed two church websites with affirming and non-affirming theology. We hypothesized that queer Christians who examined an affirming church website would feel a greater sense of church acceptance than those who viewed a non-affirming church website. Queer Christians evidenced significantly greater expectations that they would be accepted when viewing the affirming church website than when viewing the non-affirming website. Exploratory analyses examined how these websites affected straight Christians. Straight Christians did not differ significantly between the two conditions but showed a trend toward greater feelings of acceptance by the affirming church. Therefore, when finding a church, symbols rooted in affirming theology welcome LGBTQ+ and straight Christians more than those rooted in non-affirming theology.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48432074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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