Global Health Promotion最新文献

Smoke-free homes (SFHs) reduce secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), which is particularly crucial where smoking prevalence is high and public smoke-free policies are nascent, as in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined perspectives regarding SFHs, including barriers and facilitators, among adults in Armenia, a LMIC with high male smoking prevalence and recently-implemented smoke-free policies. In February-March 2024, focus groups were conducted with adults reporting smoking and non-smoking, separately, in two Armenian communities (n = 39; M_age = 41.00, 46.2% female, 61.5% married, 74.4% children in household). Data were examined using thematic analysis. All participants reporting smoking (n = 18) were male, non-smoking participants (n = 21) were primarily (87.5%) female, 53.8% had no SFH restrictions and 12.8% partial. Commonly, smoking was allowed for certain people (e.g. guests) or rooms/spaces (e.g. kitchen, balcony). Common SFH motives were health of children and vulnerable adults (e.g. pregnant women). Salient challenges included high male smoking rates paired with hierarchical gender roles. When asked about strategies to promote SFHs, many suggested leveraging children by involving them in a SFH intervention or emphasizing SHSe's impact on children. While some suggested empowering women as change agents, others suggested targeting men. It is crucial that SFH interventions for Armenian households address Armenia's specific characteristics, such as high male smoking rates and more hierarchical social dynamics. Effective SFH interventions for Armenia may serve as models for other countries with similar characteristics.

Introduction: French Polynesia has one of the highest cannabis use prevalences among French territories, particularly starting in adolescence. Difficulties in emotional competency are major factors contributing to the development and maintenance of cannabis use disorder. Therefore, a French prevention program targeting these competencies was adapted to the Polynesian sociocultural context.

Objectives: This quantitative and longitudinal study evaluates the impact of the program on cannabis consumption and emotional competencies among Polynesian middle and high school students, specifically based on their levels of cannabis use.

Methods: This study used repeated measures (pre- and 3-month post-program) with standardized questionnaires. Classes were randomized into two groups (program participation/control group), with 231 students included (57.8% girls, mean age 15.0 ± 0.77).

Results: The Kusa program positively impacted non-users and low-users by improving emotional acceptance, awareness, verbalization, impulse control and reducing emotional intensity. Participants also demonstrated shifts in their cannabis use habits, with a larger proportion of participants reporting generally not consuming cannabis during the day, after the program. Frequent-users did not show significant changes in cannabis consumption but did exhibit increased emotional verbalization and awareness of emotional regulation difficulties.

Discussion: The prevention program showed promising results in enhancing emotional competencies and potentially influencing cannabis consumption. These findings underscore the program's benefits and support broader implementation in school settings.

AimsThere is limited information on changes in body mass index (BMI) due to the COVID-19 pandemic among persons of migrant origin. The aim of the present study was to examine factors associated with changes in BMI among the general- and migrant-origin populations in Finland.MethodsLongitudinal data to explore individual-level changes in self-reported BMI among migrant-origin persons (N = 3313) were obtained from the FinMonik Survey conducted in 2018 and the MigCOVID Survey conducted 2020-2021. Data for the general population reference group were obtained from the FinHealth 2017 Study conducted 2017-2018 and its follow-up conducted in 2020 (N = 2982). Logistic regression was applied to examine whether age, sex, education, economic activity, length of residence in Finland, language skills, smoking, alcohol usage, sleep, physical activity, snacking, and fruit and vegetable consumption were associated with an increase or decrease in BMI. A change in BMI was defined as a 5% or greater increase or decrease.ResultsTwenty-seven per cent of the migrant-origin population experienced an increase in BMI, while 14% had a decrease in BMI. These results corresponded to figures observed among the general population in Finland (27% and 14%). Persons of migrant origin who were other than students or employed faced greater odds of an increase in BMI of at least 5% (OR = 1.71). In the general population, an increase in BMI of at least 5% had greater odds of occurring among women (OR = 1.61), those who were other than students or employed (OR = 1.68), those who increased their alcohol intake (OR = 1.64), those who increased their snacking (OR = 1.40) and decreased their fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 1.85).ConclusionsMost examined factors applied differently to general- and migrant-origin populations and by migrant-origin group. These differences must be considered when planning future public health promotion efforts, particularly those during crisis situations.

Healthy eating is influenced by a myriad factors ranging from individual to societal. Healthcare organizations have recently adopted healthy eating policies to improve food environments; however, how such policies shape practice is still unknown. This qualitative study explores perspectives on continuous quality improvement (CQI) among healthcare staff and managers working in hospital foodservices post-implementation of a healthy eating policy aimed at improving food environments. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 foodservices staff at Nova Scotia Health. Participants varied in role (administrative, point-of-sale) and location (rural/urban). We analyzed findings using directed content analysis. Participants' approach to quality revealed a range of definitions of healthy eating, from health promotion efforts directed towards individual behavior change management to a broader emphasis on supportive food environments. This research also highlighted the complexity of the healthcare food environment in which health promotion was being implemented, a 'setting' as per the 'settings approach' to health promotion, but also revealing a 'setting within a setting': food environments within healthcare environments. These nested environments are alternatively more business or healthcare service-centric, within the larger healthcare environment. Healthcare practitioners' views on effective implementation of the policy also spanned many scales of healthy eating, informed by concepts within their core healthcare practice (dietetics: nutrients), the organization (historical nutrition contexts) and broader food culture (food trends and choice). This study has demonstrated that CQI for a healthier food environment within healthcare needs a broader focus to advance benchmarks for health promotion.

Aims: Receiving or lacking support can be decisive in how children engage in and continue with sports hobbies or physical activity (PA) in general. The topic is timely, since the PA levels of children are currently insufficient. However, children's own experiences concerning the support they receive are under-researched. The purpose of this study is to explore from whom, to what extent and what kind of support children experience receiving for PA.

Methods: This mixed-methods study collected empirical data among 11-year-old children, regarding children's own perceptions of PA by local interviews (n = 36) as the main primary material, complemented with a local survey (n = 114), and national survey (n = 1765) conducted in Finland. In addition, access to the local respondents' accelerometer measurements conducted in five schools in a city in Southern Finland was utilised to characterise the interviewees in terms of their PA. The various data were gathered in 2021 and 2022.

Results: According to data from both local and national surveys, children experience receiving support for PA from multiple actors (particularly from parents, teachers, hobby instructors/coaches, friends). Support styles vary from coercive to enabling, encouraging and participatory support. The combination of support from different actors can be reinforcing, remedial or destructive, depending on the type and amount of support and a child's experiences regarding the support.

Conclusions: To reinforce positive support experiences and to avoid destructive support combinations, shared responsibility and congruence regarding the provision of support for children's PA is called for.

The health informational practices of Indigenous community members living in urban areas remain understudied in Quebec (Canada), despite their importance given rapid population growth and unmet needs. These practices became even more crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many health services were disrupted. In collaboration with the Native Friendship Centre of Lanaudière, this study explores how Indigenous people living in urban settings in Quebec accessed, interpreted, and used health information during the pandemic. We conducted 24 in-person qualitative interviews between September 2021 and February 2022 and analyzed the data through a thematic content analysis, guided by the concept of trust as a relational and subjective construct. This project was not conducted under the OCAP^® (Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession) principles, as it focused on individual lived experiences of urban Indigenous participants in collaboration with a community partner, without involving collective data governance mechanisms.Findings show that informational practices were diverse and multifaceted, combining multiple media sources with a preference for locally shared information through social networks and community organizations. It is important to underscore that participants' mistrust of government sources cannot be attributed solely to the COVID-19 infodemic. While media saturation and the dissemination of contradictory messages contributed to uncertainty, this mistrust is also deeply rooted in the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism, including systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, and experiences of exclusion and harm within the health system. This structural context continues to shape how information is received, interpreted, and acted upon. The study underscores the need to approach informational practices through a lens that centers Indigenous lived realities, historical memory, and self-determination.

Introducción: el aumento de problemas de salud mental, especialmente por ansiedad, estrés y depresión en estudiantes universitarios, se ve incrementado debido a los niveles de presión académica, por lo que resulta esencial investigar estos temas y considerar la promoción de la salud, específicamente la actividad física como factor protector. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la actividad física y los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en estudiantes de una universidad chilena.Metodología: se incluyeron 344 estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad chilena, de entre 17 y 45 años, que autorizaron su participación mediante firma de consentimiento informado. La muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia, los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, BPAAT y DASS-21. Para comparación de grupos se usó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (variables politómicas) y para la correlación de variables cuantitativas se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman.Resultados: un 61.2 % de los participantes fueron mujeres, quienes son insuficientemente activas en comparación con los hombres. Aunque el 71.4 % de los estudiantes reportó tener acceso a espacios para la práctica de actividad física, solo un 45.2 % es suficientemente activo. En la población femenina se observa que existe más sintomatología de ansiedad, estrés y depresión con respecto al género masculino. Las correlaciones indican que a mayor frecuencia de actividad física, los síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión disminuyen.Conclusión: la actividad física podría servir como una herramienta efectiva para mejorar la salud mental y reducir el malestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios, con especial énfasis en grupos que presentan menores niveles de participación, como las mujeres, con el fin de fortalecer su bienestar psicológico y enfrentar el impacto del estrés académico.

Menstruation, as a natural physiological process, intersects with health, human rights, and environmental concerns, making its management a critical issue influenced by cultural, social, and systemic factors. This study aims to determine the hygiene product preferences of university graduate women, the individual factors (such as personal habits and preferences) and systemic factors (such as availability, marketing, and cultural norms) influencing their product choices, as well as their level of product knowledge. This study was conducted between April and May 2021 and included 3301 menstruating individuals aged 18-49 years using menstrual hygiene products. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test and the Chi-square test. The mean age of participants was 26.7 ± 6.4 years. Of the menstrual hygiene products used, 93.8% of participants reported using single-use pads, 21.8% reported using tampons, and 2.5% reported using menstrual cloth. Among the participants, 88.1% reported using single-use products, 4.1% reported using reusable products, and 7.8% reported using both types of products. A positive correlation was identified between the usage of and knowledge about each type of menstrual hygiene product. Among the users of reusable products, the answer of 'environmental effect' as the most effective factor influencing the preferences was found to be more frequent when compared to the single-use product users and those using the products in both groups (p < 0.001). It was observed that women's age and employment status were factors that created a difference in menstrual hygiene product choices.