Global Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Communities of Practice (CoPs) are increasingly used in health and non-health sectors globally. Evidence suggests that CoPs can support health promotion activities, but the research mainly encompasses formal, professional contexts: the role and contribution of CoPs in community-centred health promotion has not been explored. This paper presents a process evaluation of a CoP that aimed to facilitate social innovation among voluntary, community, faith and social enterprise (VCFSE) organisations. Hosted by a city-region government in England, VCFSE organisations were invited to join a CoP to enable the development and implementation of their ideas for addressing gambling harms.

Methods: The process evaluation sought to develop mid-level programme theory for the use of CoPs in community-centred health promotion. Data collection consisted of 33 qualitative interviews with stakeholders, as well as project reporting. Data were organised using a framework approach which supported the construction of themes and a complex intervention model. The research team reflected on these to develop the programme theory.

Results: The CoP facilitated the development of community-centred interventions for addressing gambling harms through a two-track process: first, a community of VCFSE staff was formed, whose understanding of gambling harms was nurtured through discussions led by people with Lived Experience; second, the CoP contributed to project development via collaboration, knowledge sharing and an integrated referral pathway, although project-level benefits were uneven. Learning was generated in community engagement, training, education, support and social campaigns.

Conclusions: The findings confirm the combined effectiveness of a CoP, varied VCFSE projects and people with Lived Experience to co-create an evolving knowledge-base for a city-region government's gambling harms reduction strategy. CoPs may therefore complement partnership working in community settings, although additional training support may be required in comparison with CoPs involving health professionals. The city-region government's approach could be replicated in other emerging public health areas.

This article explores the role of population health intervention research (PHIR) in enhancing health promotion in France, stressing the importance of a more in-depth understanding and thorough analysis of healthcare interventions. Established in 2022, the So-RISP network aims to structure the PHIR field, consolidating expertise from renowned teams specializing in PHIR, primary cancer prevention, and addiction. In January 2023, So-RISP members convened a national workshop. The workshop aimed to share the specificities of PHIR and particularly to clarify the use of theories in PHIR. A qualitative analysis of this workshop was conducted to aid in building a shared and well-defined knowledge base for PHIR stakeholders. Results highlight the necessity of developing a unified terminology and increasing reflexivity among PHIR stakeholders for enhanced effectiveness. The article also identifies key challenges, including the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, facilitating social transformation, and integrating various contexts in intervention analysis.

The pressing global health crises highlight the need for professional health promotion (HP). Debates on the professionalization of HP are still overlaid by questions regarding the conceptualization of HP, yet literature is scarce regarding this point. Therefore, this article aims to (a) provide an overview of the current state of professionalism in HP with a focus on the Swiss context, and (b) identify facilitators, gaps and barriers of professionalism in HP. By investigating these aims, we contribute to specifying the conceptualization of the specialist HP professional profile. To analyse professionalism in HP, we examined individual and institutional aspects of sociological theories on professions. We selected seven aspects as a theoretical foundation for the analysis: (1) specific knowledge base, (2) specific field of action, (3) specific education, (4) professional association, (5) specific competencies, (6) professional identity, and (7) professional practice. Analysing each aspect of professionalism in HP, we see a clear progression within the last decades internationally as well as in Switzerland. The development of a Core Competency Framework - the CompHP - is a milestone in the professionalization of HP. Some major gaps and barriers are identifiable, which should be proactively faced by the specialist HP professionals. To further flourish as HP professionals, a unity regarding contents and levels of education needs to be discussed. Therefore, an investment in professional identity formation of the specialist HP workforce is likely to promote their engagement, competencies and shared values, which are essential promotors of professionalism in HP.

Community-academic partnerships can be useful models for sustainable interventions. The Jerusalem Community-Academic Partnership (J-CAP) was established to address local health needs identified by a population survey. It engaged stakeholders and public health students as part of their training. We describe the establishment and processes of this partnership over a 3-year period.Part 1 of the program entailed mapping and undertaking a quality assessment of health promotion (HP) programs in Jerusalem. Part 2 (Years 2 and 3), described herein, entailed a participatory process wherein a particular neighborhood, with a predominantly Ultra-Orthodox population, was chosen for intervention. A local steering committee was set up, and students assessed assets and needs by direct observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups, followed by the development of intervention programs using a participatory process. Neighborhood assets and needs identified in the first year served as a basis for the participatory process of developing intervention programs. Assets identified included the local community center and swimming pool. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle included a lack of health literacy, time constraints, socioeconomic factors, and local lifestyle and environmental characteristics. Students focused on public spaces, preschool children, and young women and mothers when designing, together with local leaders, intervention programs related to healthy nutrition and physical activity. The participatory process contributed to strengthening partnerships among several services and agencies investing in the health of Jerusalem residents. The students' critical service-learning contributed to their understanding of HP in the real world and the local community. The students' reports, which were submitted to the community center management, could serve to inform future interventions.

Introducción: la pandemia de la COVID-19 expuso a los profesionales sanitarios a circunstancias que incrementaron su estrés, recurriendo al consumo de sustancias como estrategia de afrontamiento.

Objetivos: conocer el patrón de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis en profesionales sanitarios españoles en el periodo prepandemia y durante la fase pandémica aguda (FPA), diferenciando en función de la profesión y estableciendo si hubo diferencias entre ambos periodos.

Métodos: estudio descriptivo no probabilístico con muestreo por conveniencia. Participaron 630 profesionales sanitarios. Se utilizó una encuesta en línea con categorización de la profesión sanitaria, AUDIT-C para consumo de alcohol, preguntas ad hoc para tabaco, y CAST para cannabis. Se realizó análisis de frecuencia y diferencia de medias (t de Student, Z Wilcoxon), reportando el tamaño del efecto y Phi.

Resultados: el 57.1 % de los profesionales sanitarios mostró consumo de la riesgo de la alcohol antes de la FPA; disminuyendo al 42.4 % en la FPA. Entre los consumidores, la proporción de consumidores de riesgo previa a la FPA fue del 95 % en todas las profesiones sanitarias y superior al 65 % durante la FPA. Entre ambos periodos, únicamente hubo un descenso significativo en médicos/as (χ² MN = 8.108; p < 0.004). Respecto al tabaco, el 14.1 % afirmó consumirlo, observándose un incremento significativo del consumo medio de cigarrillos entre ambos periodos (t(80) = -3.994; p < 0,001), explicado por el incremento entre psicólogos/as (t(42) = -3.245; p < 0.002). Respecto al cannabis, el 2.7 % afirmó haberlo consumido, presentando el 14.3 % adicción moderada y el 7.1 % dependencia.

Conclusiones: durante la crisis sanitaria se produjo una reducción del consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis entre profesionales sanitarios, siendo desigual por categoría profesional. Sin embargo, se detectaron incrementos del consumo y consumos de riesgo en algunos colectivos, señalándose las implicaciones para su salud y labor sanitaria. Se propone impulsar medidas de promoción de la salud mental en los centros sanitarios que incorporen estrategias de abordaje de sustancias.

Background: Preventing drowning in adults is a complex, multifaceted injury prevention issue. The adult drowning rate in Australia is continuing to rise. In 2023, more than half of those who drowned were aged over 45 years. While there has been a call for robust, evidence-informed drowning prevention interventions across the life course, evidence of evaluated, drowning prevention programmes for adults is lacking. For more than a decade, drowning prevention researchers and practitioners in Western Australia (WA) have worked in partnership to design and evaluate evidence-informed programmes. This paper describes formative research to develop 'Make the Right Call' (MTRC), an adult water safety programme in WA.

Methods: A staged, mixed-methods, formative evaluation was undertaken to inform the design of MTRC.

Stages: The approach involved cluster analysis of coronial data 2008-2018 (n = 93), interviews with adults aged 45-64 years (n = 10) and 65 years and older (n = 15), theory mapping, survey design, content and face validity testing of a baseline questionnaire with content experts (n = 11) and a refined instrument to collect knowledge, and data on norms and water-based activity. The subsequent MTRC programme comprised a media campaign, community swimming and safety classes, lifejacket trade-in, subsidised first-aid training and community education.

Discussion: The results of each stage informed the design and evaluation of a new evidence-informed and theory-driven drowning prevention programme for adults aged 45 years and older, delivered by the peak drowning prevention agency in WA, Royal Life Saving Western Australia. An investment in mixed-methods research by the partnership added rigour and credibility to the programme and evaluation design.

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult water safety programme to apply a theory-driven, evidence-informed approach to its development, implementation and evaluation. The partnership was vital in maximising and accelerating the acceptable transfer of results to enhance knowledge creation and, ultimately, the design of the MTRC drowning prevention programme.

La qualité de la mise en œuvre d'une intervention de promotion de la santé est essentielle pour garantir son adaptation au contexte et aux besoins des populations. Pourtant, elle est encore négligée dans les recherches. Alors qu'elle est entreprise depuis les années 1930 dans l'étude des politiques publiques, le domaine de la santé fait face à une prolifération de termes qui ne facilite pas son enseignement et son organisation. Ce commentaire montre qu'il n'existe pas de différence notoire entre la recherche sur la mise en œuvre (implementation science) et la recherche de mise en œuvre (implementation research). Plutôt qu'un débat sémantique, il est important de rendre cette analyse plus systématique avec des démarches scientifiques et interdisciplinaires. La recherche concernant la mise en œuvre d'une intervention de promotion de la santé doit chercher à comprendre comment rendre nos actions plus équitables et plus efficaces.

Contexte: Le service sanitaire français, réalisé par des étudiants en santé (3^ème année), est un programme de promotion de la santé (PS) récent qui est encore peu évalué.

Objectif: Cette étude s'est intéressée au service mis en place dans la filière médecine à l'université Paris Cité, sur la thématique santé sexuelle. L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer des interventions réalisées par les étudiants en termes pédagogiques et en termes de bonnes pratiques en PS, sur les plans suivants : éthique, qualité du contenu et communication.

Méthode: Les actions menées par les groupes d'étudiants dans les établissements scolaires ont été observées, et cotées à l'aide d'une grille standardisée.

Résultats: Au total, 28 groupes d'intervention représentant 77 étudiants ont été observés. L'implication des étudiants a été jugée conséquente et leurs objectifs pédagogiques correctement remplis, mais la qualité de la démarche de PS présente un certain nombre d'insuffisances en termes de critères éthiques et techniques.

Discussion: Cette étude permet d'envisager des pistes d'évolution des modalités du dispositif et de les comparer au niveau international.