Global Health Promotion最新文献

Background: Individuals' beliefs in conspiracy theories and anti-vaccination defense play a role in the rates of COVID-19 spread.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the perception of trust in, and the perception of conspiracy theories regarding vaccines among those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in a province in Turkey.

Methods: This study was conducted with 1244 individuals who agreed to participate in the study in the province with the lowest vaccination rate in Turkey. The 'Personal Information Form' and the 'COVID-19 Vaccine Perception and Attitude Scale' were used to collect data.

Findings: Those who were resistant to vaccines had a low mean score on the Perception of Trust and a high mean score on the Perception of Conspiracy. The variable of conspiracy perception had a significantly negative and high effect on the perception of trust.

Conclusion: The participants were highly resistant to COVID-19 vaccines. Their perception level of trust in COVID-19 vaccines was moderate and their perception level of conspiracy was high.

Background: COVID-19 has influenced Sicily, Italy as any other part of the world, and people had various types of reactions to this global epidemic. This study aimed to assess the behavior, perception, and willingness of the Sicilian population to accept vaccination, as well as their attitudes toward conspiracy theories, which have been a concern for governments around the globe.

Methods: Study design: cross sectional-descriptive study. The data were collected through a survey developed based on a protocol from the World Health Organization's regional office in Europe, which was distributed in two waves. The first wave took place in April and May 2020, and a modified survey was distributed during June and July.

Results: Sicilians showed a very good knowledge of the virus, while their positive attitude has changed toward vaccination in the second wave. Furthermore, Sicilians showed an average trust in the governmental institutions, which allow the doubts of conspiracy to exist in the population.

Conclusions: Although the results indicate a good level of knowledge and positive attitude toward vaccination, we believe that further studies should be conducted in the Mediterranean to better understand how to face future epidemics with limited resources in the healthcare system, as compared with other countries.

Background: Schools are an attractive platform for improving the dietary knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of children and their families, yet limited nutrition knowledge amongst educators can impede nutrition education efforts. Information and communication technology (ICT) can potentially overcome this barrier, yet there is limited evidence for its effectiveness in school settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We implemented a randomized field experiment in 50 schools in the North Region of Cameroon to assess the effectiveness of a school-based nutrition education program at improving the nutrition knowledge of fifth and sixth grade students and their parents. We evaluate the relative effectiveness of video-based versus typical classroom instruction. Nutrition knowledge is assessed using a pre-post questionnaire and analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Results: We find that students exposed to the video treatment improved their nutrition knowledge scores by 0.45 standard deviation more (equivalent to an additional 1.3 out of 14 correct answers) than students that received traditional classroom instruction. There is no differential impact of video on the nutrition knowledge scores of parents.

Conclusion: Videos can improve knowledge gains compared with typical classroom instruction, but questions remain as to the conditions under which videos and other ICT are most effective as instructional tools.

Objetivo: evaluar el apoyo organizacional percibido y los comportamientos de empoderamiento en mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama, activas laboralmente, en un centro de referencia oncológico.

Métodos: estudio descriptivo en el que se recolectaron datos sobre las características sociodemográficas, laborales, clínicas, las secuelas del tratamiento, los comportamientos de empoderamiento y la percepción del apoyo organizacional.

Resultados: Cerca del 90% de las mujeres conservó el trabajo anterior al diagnóstico. El 69% reportó que sus ingresos se mantuvieron iguales. La mayoría de las mujeres participantes percibieron bajo apoyo organizacional, y este cambia según la presencia de algunas secuelas del tratamiento. El 49.6% de las participantes había adoptado totalmente comportamientos de empoderamiento que varían significativamente de acuerdo con la edad, la presencia de secuelas, el apoyo organizacional percibido y el tiempo de retorno al trabajo.

Conclusión: Las secuelas del tratamiento tienen influencia sobre el apoyo organizacional percibido y la adopción de comportamientos de empoderamiento.

Long-term research has identified significant water contamination and associated poor health outcomes in the indigenous community of Alpuyeca, located in south-central Mexico. We set out to develop a popular education initiative in this community to improve water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) knowledge and practices. In order to avoid recreating hierarchical power dynamics in this vulnerable community, a participatory action research (PAR) design was used, wherein the community took leadership and facilitation roles in each stage of the research process. In qualitative interviews and design sessions, community members identified unsatisfied WaSH needs in households and community institutions and articulated a clear worldview of the spiritual role of water, which guided the development of a series of popular education-based workshops and discussions. The popular education initiative process was documented with a mixed methods framework, using before-and-after surveys, semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. Increases in knowledge and practices related to water purification, water consumption and hand hygiene were noted in the community. The community identified locally installed and managed ecotechnologies as a key opportunity for sustainable development, community participation and the adoption of water and sanitation systems, compatible with public imaginaries of the role of water.

Objetivo: analizar las publicaciones de Alfabetización Sanitaria (AS) en relación con la pandemia de la COVID-19 en países de ingreso bajo, medio y medio-alto.

Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura publicada en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Portal BVS y Europe PMC, entre el 2019 y el 2021, siguiendo las guías de Cochrane y PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), y se escribió de acuerdo con los elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas. La calidad metodológica se comprobó utilizando Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), para evaluar críticamente la calidad de los estudios incluidos.

Resultados: se revisaron 1397 artículos y tras la aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron 92 estudios para el análisis. Se identificaron tres temas principales: dificultades y obstáculos, experiencias efectuadas sobre AS durante la pandemia y desafíos. Los determinantes sociales de la salud como educación, género, territorio y nivel socioeconómico obstaculizan la AS, además, otra de las dificultades es la ausencia en diversos países de planes, programas y guías de comunicación en salud. La infodemia fue una dificultad y un desafío en esta pandemia. Uno de los desafíos para la AS es la inequidad y pobreza. De las experiencias se encontraron mediciones de la AS en la población en general, en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud, además acciones de comunicación en salud y difusión de información para la prevención de la diseminación de la COVID-19 y para contrarrestar la infodemia. Conclusiones: las condiciones de vida de la población, así como el contexto sociocultural, económico y político de los países incluidos en esta revisión sistemática, influyen de manera decisiva en la AS de las personas.