Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2291359
Ilya Matveev
{"title":"From the Chicago Boys to Hjalmar Schacht: The Trajectory of the (Neo)liberal Economic Expertise in Russia","authors":"Ilya Matveev","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2291359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2291359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2277767
T. Bukkvoll, F. Steder
{"title":"War and the Willingness to Resist and Fight in Ukraine","authors":"T. Bukkvoll, F. Steder","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2277767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2277767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"76 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2274074
Janet Elise Johnson
{"title":"Russia’s Authoritarian Policymaking: The Politics of Domestic Violence after Partial Decriminalization","authors":"Janet Elise Johnson","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2274074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2274074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2022.2085579
Jan Kovář
ABSTRACT The research on the party politicization of immigration almost exclusively focuses on West European countries. To address the lack of studies of party politicization (hereafter understood as salience) of immigration in Central and East European countries, we investigate all the parliamentary speeches in Czechia and Slovakia between 2013 and 2017. Descriptively, we show that immigration was almost invisible before the 2015 refugee crisis. On the explanatory level, we show that party placement toward the TAN-pole of the GAL–TAN dimension, Eurosceptic positions, and government participation make it more likely for parliamentarians to politicize immigration.
{"title":"Politicisation of Immigration in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from Plenary Debates in Two Countries","authors":"Jan Kovář","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2022.2085579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2022.2085579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research on the party politicization of immigration almost exclusively focuses on West European countries. To address the lack of studies of party politicization (hereafter understood as salience) of immigration in Central and East European countries, we investigate all the parliamentary speeches in Czechia and Slovakia between 2013 and 2017. Descriptively, we show that immigration was almost invisible before the 2015 refugee crisis. On the explanatory level, we show that party placement toward the TAN-pole of the GAL–TAN dimension, Eurosceptic positions, and government participation make it more likely for parliamentarians to politicize immigration.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"90 1","pages":"667 - 678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2022.2085580
Oldřich Bureš, R. Stojanov
ABSTRACT This article offers an exploratory analysis of experts’ perceptions of securitization of immigration in the Czech Republic and its impact on Czech migration policy in the aftermath of the 2015–2016 European “migration crisis.” Our findings indicate that the interviewed experts’ perceptions correspond more to the logic of the exception than the routine: the importance of day-to-day management is less frequently emphasized than the elite-level security-oriented discourses and their acceptance by the Czech public. Our respondents also identify the relative stability and continuity of the Czech migration policy as a positive repercussion of securitization.
{"title":"Securitization of Immigration in the Czech Republic and Its Impact on the Czech Migration Policy: Experts’ Perceptions","authors":"Oldřich Bureš, R. Stojanov","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2022.2085580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2022.2085580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article offers an exploratory analysis of experts’ perceptions of securitization of immigration in the Czech Republic and its impact on Czech migration policy in the aftermath of the 2015–2016 European “migration crisis.” Our findings indicate that the interviewed experts’ perceptions correspond more to the logic of the exception than the routine: the importance of day-to-day management is less frequently emphasized than the elite-level security-oriented discourses and their acceptance by the Czech public. Our respondents also identify the relative stability and continuity of the Czech migration policy as a positive repercussion of securitization.","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"23 1","pages":"679 - 689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139290873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2259581
Saltanat Liebert, David Webber
ABSTRACTSome immigrants become more religious after migration due to isolation, marginalization, and difficulties adjusting to a new culture. The purpose of this research is twofold: to explore the level of religiosity among Kyrgyzstani migrants who self-identify as religious and to ascertain the extent to which Muslim Kyrgyz in the United States are able to fulfill their religious yearnings. The data are drawn from a survey of Kyrgyz migrants in the Chicago metropolitan area. This study sheds light on the diversity of the Muslim community, demonstrating that former Soviet Muslims practice Islam in ways that are different from other Muslims. AcknowledgmentsWe are very grateful to our research assistant, who wishes to remain anonymous, for his assistance in data collection. We also appreciate the constructive comments of the reviewers. And finally, this study would not have been possible without the participation of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Chicago. We owe a deep debt of gratitude to them.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. “V Rossii v 2022 godu zafiksirovali rekordniy ottok migrantov iz Armenii, Kyrgyzstana I Uzbekistana” (A record outflow in 2022 is registered in Russia of migrants from Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). Nastoiashee Vremia, November 8, 2022, https://www.currenttime.tv/a/v-rossii-v-2022-godu-zafiksirovali-rekordnyy-ottok-migrantov-/32120403.html (last accessed November 30, 2022).2. For comparison, the US GDP per capita is USD 59,500 per year, while Kyrgyzstan’s is USD 3,700 (United States Central Intelligence Agency Citation2018).3. On a recent visit to Chicago, one of the members of the research team attended a social gathering of more than twenty Russian-speaking immigrants. The family hosting the event was from Kyrgyzstan; yet, there were only two guests who were their co-ethnics. This is unusual because recent immigrants tend to socialize mostly with their co-ethnic compatriots and Chicago has a relatively large Kyrgyz diaspora, so it is easy to meet them. When the research team member asked the hosts why there were so few Kyrgyz at the party, they replied that many Kyrgyz immigrants have become devout Muslims; as secular Muslims the hosts felt that they did not have much in common with them. The researcher found this statement very surprising because a minority of Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan are devout Muslims (Pew Research Center Citation2012); the Soviet Union suppressed religious practices and, as a result, two generations of Kyrgyz grew up under a very secular regime and in non-religious families.4. Estimates by consular officials at the Kyrgyz Embassy to the United States and Canada.5. The research assistant was then a 32-year-old young man who had immigrated to the United States five years earlier. He described himself as religious and someone who attended mosque regularly both in Kyrgyzstan prior to migration and then in the United States.6. This researcher worked as a
2015年大学适龄青年的1%(亚洲开发银行引文2015)。Uber和Lyft的司机中有14人。在吉尔吉斯社会，老年人有特殊的地位，被认为是明智的;他们的意见通常是有分量的。受访者称年长的同胞为“长者”(吉尔吉斯语为baike和eje，分别指年长的男性和女性)。“长老”并不表示在清真寺等级制度中的特殊地位。“他和她——女人的问题”(On i Ona -zhenskie voprosy)，未注明日期，https://umma.ru/on-i-ona-zhenskie-voprosi/.16。视频问答”。Sheik Chubak Ajy, Kyzyk-Kya市，中央清真寺，“2018年1月12日，可在https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSWR2Yh0Cw8找到，最后一次访问是2018.17年1月25日。下面的轶事很能说明问题:研究人员在吉尔吉斯斯坦的一位亲戚在他60多岁的时候，因为一个朋友的邀请，第一次去清真寺做礼拜。几个月后，他不再参加周五的祈祷了。当被问及为什么他不再去清真寺时，这位亲戚回答说:“原来我不知道如何正确地祈祷。我只是模仿我周围的每个人。所以，我不去了，因为我觉得很尴尬。”不能证明其移民身份的移民可以申请临时访客驾照，只要他们通过驾驶考试，购买汽车保险，持有证明其身份和年龄的文件，并能证明在伊利诺伊州居住了至少一年。穆夫提亚特每周收到20-30个有关伊斯兰教的在线或电话提问。截至2017年，它有三名工作人员回答这些问题(Nasritdinov Citation2017)。我们要感谢弗吉尼亚联邦大学的怀尔德政府和公共事务学院通过小额赠款计划为这项研究提供了种子资金。
{"title":"Exploring Religiosity among Kyrgyz Migrants in the United States","authors":"Saltanat Liebert, David Webber","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2259581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2259581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSome immigrants become more religious after migration due to isolation, marginalization, and difficulties adjusting to a new culture. The purpose of this research is twofold: to explore the level of religiosity among Kyrgyzstani migrants who self-identify as religious and to ascertain the extent to which Muslim Kyrgyz in the United States are able to fulfill their religious yearnings. The data are drawn from a survey of Kyrgyz migrants in the Chicago metropolitan area. This study sheds light on the diversity of the Muslim community, demonstrating that former Soviet Muslims practice Islam in ways that are different from other Muslims. AcknowledgmentsWe are very grateful to our research assistant, who wishes to remain anonymous, for his assistance in data collection. We also appreciate the constructive comments of the reviewers. And finally, this study would not have been possible without the participation of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Chicago. We owe a deep debt of gratitude to them.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. “V Rossii v 2022 godu zafiksirovali rekordniy ottok migrantov iz Armenii, Kyrgyzstana I Uzbekistana” (A record outflow in 2022 is registered in Russia of migrants from Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). Nastoiashee Vremia, November 8, 2022, https://www.currenttime.tv/a/v-rossii-v-2022-godu-zafiksirovali-rekordnyy-ottok-migrantov-/32120403.html (last accessed November 30, 2022).2. For comparison, the US GDP per capita is USD 59,500 per year, while Kyrgyzstan’s is USD 3,700 (United States Central Intelligence Agency Citation2018).3. On a recent visit to Chicago, one of the members of the research team attended a social gathering of more than twenty Russian-speaking immigrants. The family hosting the event was from Kyrgyzstan; yet, there were only two guests who were their co-ethnics. This is unusual because recent immigrants tend to socialize mostly with their co-ethnic compatriots and Chicago has a relatively large Kyrgyz diaspora, so it is easy to meet them. When the research team member asked the hosts why there were so few Kyrgyz at the party, they replied that many Kyrgyz immigrants have become devout Muslims; as secular Muslims the hosts felt that they did not have much in common with them. The researcher found this statement very surprising because a minority of Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan are devout Muslims (Pew Research Center Citation2012); the Soviet Union suppressed religious practices and, as a result, two generations of Kyrgyz grew up under a very secular regime and in non-religious families.4. Estimates by consular officials at the Kyrgyz Embassy to the United States and Canada.5. The research assistant was then a 32-year-old young man who had immigrated to the United States five years earlier. He described himself as religious and someone who attended mosque regularly both in Kyrgyzstan prior to migration and then in the United States.6. This researcher worked as a ","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2258262
Aram Simonyan
ABSTRACTCorruption perception indices are conventionally used as a proxy for mirroring the real corruption level in a country. This article studies the potential impact of the perception of institutional factors on corruption perception. Using a three-year survey dataset from all regions of Armenia, I argue that economic perception and trust in institutions directly and indirectly influence corruption perception by undermining individuals’ satisfaction with the country’s overall situation. Further mediation analysis manifests that satisfaction with the country’s overall situation is the cornerstone linking corruption perception with economic perception and trust in institutions. Policy implications and further research avenues are discussed. Disclosure StatementThe article was initiated when the author was a Fulbright fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and it was accepted for publication when he was a KAAD scholar in Germany.AcknowledgmentsThe author thanks Dmitry Gorenburg and two anonymous reviewers for their time and useful comments on earlier versions.Notes1. The World Bank – https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/11/28/social-snapshot-and-poverty-in-armenia.print.2. The Caucasus Research Center – Corruption Survey of Households 2008–2010.3. https://www.crrc.am/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2010_Corruption_Household_Survey_Report_English.pdf.4. More detailed description of variables is presented in Appendix B.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the I was a Fulbright Scholar when I started the article [Fulrbight]; and a KAAD scholar when I finished the article [KAAD].
{"title":"Interrelation between Institutional Trust, Satisfaction of Economy, and Corruption Perception","authors":"Aram Simonyan","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2258262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2258262","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCorruption perception indices are conventionally used as a proxy for mirroring the real corruption level in a country. This article studies the potential impact of the perception of institutional factors on corruption perception. Using a three-year survey dataset from all regions of Armenia, I argue that economic perception and trust in institutions directly and indirectly influence corruption perception by undermining individuals’ satisfaction with the country’s overall situation. Further mediation analysis manifests that satisfaction with the country’s overall situation is the cornerstone linking corruption perception with economic perception and trust in institutions. Policy implications and further research avenues are discussed. Disclosure StatementThe article was initiated when the author was a Fulbright fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and it was accepted for publication when he was a KAAD scholar in Germany.AcknowledgmentsThe author thanks Dmitry Gorenburg and two anonymous reviewers for their time and useful comments on earlier versions.Notes1. The World Bank – https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/11/28/social-snapshot-and-poverty-in-armenia.print.2. The Caucasus Research Center – Corruption Survey of Households 2008–2010.3. https://www.crrc.am/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2010_Corruption_Household_Survey_Report_English.pdf.4. More detailed description of variables is presented in Appendix B.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the I was a Fulbright Scholar when I started the article [Fulrbight]; and a KAAD scholar when I finished the article [KAAD].","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135419976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2254913
Dmitriy A. Oparin
ABSTRACTThis paper develops a new approach to contemporary religious authority among Muslim migrants in Russia, conceptualizing such notions as duty and loyalty in the Muslim migration context. The study demonstrates the fluidity of the boundary between official and unofficial authorities using the configuration of the Muslim environment of Irkutsk (Siberia) as its real-life example. The research focuses on the position, religious practices, and views of Central Asian mullahs in the city of Irkutsk. Though they do not hold any official positions in the city mosque, they nevertheless play a considerable role in the construction of the religious everyday life of their fellow believers. AcknowledgmentsThis article is a product of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2022. The research was completed with additional support from the Orient-Institut Istanbul. The paper was translated from Russian into English by Ben McGarr.I would like to thank my colleagues who read different versions of this paper, attentively listened to me at various conferences, and gave their precious and useful advices. They are Sergei Abashin, Ekaterina Demintseva, Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov, Jesko Schmoller, Danis Garaev, Kristina Kovalskaya, Anna Kruglova, Anna Cieślewska, and Guzel Sabirova. I would also like to express my gratitude to all my interlocutors in Irkutsk and beyond who contributed their time, thoughts, and emotions.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. The Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast, or “Baikalskii Muftiyat” (named after Asia’s largest lake, Baikal, located on the border between Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Buryatia), under the leadership of Farit – the Mufti and Imam of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque – was officially registered in 2006. The Baikal Muftiate was formed on the basis of the liquidated Baikal territorial subdivision (qadiyat/qazyat) of the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia (abbreviated DUM AChR in Russian). One of the largest Muslim organizations in Russia, the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia was founded in 1997 under the leadership of Mufti Nafigulla Ashirov (Yemelianova Citation2022, 139). The process by which the Baikal Qazyat of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast separated from the DUM AChR (and the corresponding change of name) took place during 2005 and was prompted by a split in the congregation of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque, an attempt by a number of community activists to remove Farit Mingaleyev, the imam of the Irkutsk Mosque and simultaneously head of the Baikal Qazyat. In the confrontation between the two parties, the regional authorities took the side of the current Imam Farit. The Baikal Muftiate is now an independent regional organization, not subject to any of the all-Russian Muslim struc
摘要本文对俄罗斯穆斯林移民中的当代宗教权威进行了新的研究，在穆斯林移民语境中对义务和忠诚等概念进行了概念化。该研究以伊尔库茨克(西伯利亚)穆斯林环境的配置作为其现实生活的例子，展示了官方和非官方当局之间边界的流动性。这项研究的重点是伊尔库茨克市中亚毛拉的地位、宗教习俗和观点。虽然他们在城市清真寺没有任何官方职位，但他们在信众日常宗教生活的建设中发挥了相当大的作用。本文是国家研究型大学高等经济学院(HSE大学)在2022年基础研究计划中实施的一个研究项目的产物。这项研究是在伊斯坦布尔东方研究所的额外支持下完成的。这篇论文由本·麦克加尔(Ben McGarr)从俄语翻译成英语。我要感谢我的同事们，他们阅读了本文的不同版本，在各种会议上认真听取了我的意见，并提出了宝贵而有用的建议。他们是Sergei Abashin, Ekaterina Demintseva, Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov, Jesko Schmoller, Danis Garaev, Kristina Kovalskaya, Anna Kruglova, Anna Cieślewska和Guzel Sabirova。我还要感谢所有在伊尔库茨克和其他地方与我对话的人，他们贡献了他们的时间、思想和情感。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。伊尔库茨克州穆斯林精神理事会，或“Baikalskii Muftiyat”(以亚洲最大的湖泊贝加尔湖命名，位于伊尔库茨克州和布里亚特共和国之间的边界)，在Farit的领导下-伊尔库茨克大教堂清真寺的穆夫提和伊尔库茨克大教堂的伊玛目-于2006年正式注册。贝加尔湖mutiate是在俄罗斯亚洲部分穆斯林精神理事会(俄语缩写为DUM AChR)清算的贝加尔湖领土分支(qadiyat/qazyat)的基础上形成的。俄罗斯最大的穆斯林组织之一，俄罗斯亚洲部分穆斯林精神理事会成立于1997年，由穆夫提Nafigulla Ashirov领导(Yemelianova Citation2022, 139)。2005年，伊尔库茨克州的贝加尔湖穆斯林教团从DUM AChR中分离出来(以及相应的名称变更)，起因是伊尔库茨克大教堂清真寺的集会分裂，一些社区活动人士试图罢免伊尔库茨克清真寺的伊尔库茨克清真寺的伊玛目兼贝加尔湖教团的负责人Farit Mingaleyev。在双方的对抗中，地区当局站在了现任伊玛目法里特一边。贝加尔湖穆夫提现在是一个独立的区域组织，不受包括俄罗斯穆夫提理事会(SMR)在内的任何全俄罗斯穆斯林结构的支配。伊玛目法里特(生于1959年)，鞑靼人，出生于巴什科尔托斯坦的一个农民家庭，他们被剥夺了财产，流放到西伯利亚的伊尔库茨克州。上世纪八九十年代，他一直是一名工程师，直到成年后才皈依伊斯兰教。1996-1997年，他在喀山的穆克玛迪亚宗教学校学习。自2006年以来，他一直担任贝加尔湖穆夫提。作为伊玛目，他受到许多教区居民的尊敬，尽管他们中的许多人也注意到他对伊斯兰教的了解不足，与地区当局关系密切，工作量过大，因此他无法充分履行伊玛目的职责。周五的祈祷。Jumu 'ah-namaz是俄语中通常用于集体星期五祈祷的术语(Ṣalāt al-Jumu - ah)。这个词是由阿拉伯语jumu 'ah和波斯语namaz3组成的。为了保护我的线人的匿名性，我在这里没有给出他们的名字，我也不认为在这种情况下有必要使用假名。本研究得到了伊斯坦布尔东方研究所的支持;国立研究型大学高等经济学院基础研究项目。
{"title":"The Formation of Religious Authority Among Central Asian Mullahs in Russia: Questions of Duty and Loyalty in a Muslim Migration Context","authors":"Dmitriy A. Oparin","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2254913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2254913","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper develops a new approach to contemporary religious authority among Muslim migrants in Russia, conceptualizing such notions as duty and loyalty in the Muslim migration context. The study demonstrates the fluidity of the boundary between official and unofficial authorities using the configuration of the Muslim environment of Irkutsk (Siberia) as its real-life example. The research focuses on the position, religious practices, and views of Central Asian mullahs in the city of Irkutsk. Though they do not hold any official positions in the city mosque, they nevertheless play a considerable role in the construction of the religious everyday life of their fellow believers. AcknowledgmentsThis article is a product of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2022. The research was completed with additional support from the Orient-Institut Istanbul. The paper was translated from Russian into English by Ben McGarr.I would like to thank my colleagues who read different versions of this paper, attentively listened to me at various conferences, and gave their precious and useful advices. They are Sergei Abashin, Ekaterina Demintseva, Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov, Jesko Schmoller, Danis Garaev, Kristina Kovalskaya, Anna Kruglova, Anna Cieślewska, and Guzel Sabirova. I would also like to express my gratitude to all my interlocutors in Irkutsk and beyond who contributed their time, thoughts, and emotions.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. The Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast, or “Baikalskii Muftiyat” (named after Asia’s largest lake, Baikal, located on the border between Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Buryatia), under the leadership of Farit – the Mufti and Imam of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque – was officially registered in 2006. The Baikal Muftiate was formed on the basis of the liquidated Baikal territorial subdivision (qadiyat/qazyat) of the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia (abbreviated DUM AChR in Russian). One of the largest Muslim organizations in Russia, the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia was founded in 1997 under the leadership of Mufti Nafigulla Ashirov (Yemelianova Citation2022, 139). The process by which the Baikal Qazyat of the Muslims of Irkutsk Oblast separated from the DUM AChR (and the corresponding change of name) took place during 2005 and was prompted by a split in the congregation of the Irkutsk Cathedral Mosque, an attempt by a number of community activists to remove Farit Mingaleyev, the imam of the Irkutsk Mosque and simultaneously head of the Baikal Qazyat. In the confrontation between the two parties, the regional authorities took the side of the current Imam Farit. The Baikal Muftiate is now an independent regional organization, not subject to any of the all-Russian Muslim struc","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2023.2253357
Kristina Cimova
The article carries out qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups with over 40 participants, to gain insight into the real-life mechanisms underpinning corrupt transactions. The findings show a strong indication that corrupt transactions in this case study of Slovak healthcare are tethered to the practice of brokerage, with the broker becoming a central figure with greater power than previously suggested in corruption brokerage literature. The article suggests a clear cognitive dissonance between the perception of the broker’s services as a friendly favor, as opposed to the illegality of the practice, grounded in cultural idiosyncrasies of the CEE region.Footnote1
{"title":"Protecting Their Own: Brokers and Informality in Real-Life Corrupt Transactions in the Case of Slovak Healthcare","authors":"Kristina Cimova","doi":"10.1080/10758216.2023.2253357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2023.2253357","url":null,"abstract":"The article carries out qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups with over 40 participants, to gain insight into the real-life mechanisms underpinning corrupt transactions. The findings show a strong indication that corrupt transactions in this case study of Slovak healthcare are tethered to the practice of brokerage, with the broker becoming a central figure with greater power than previously suggested in corruption brokerage literature. The article suggests a clear cognitive dissonance between the perception of the broker’s services as a friendly favor, as opposed to the illegality of the practice, grounded in cultural idiosyncrasies of the CEE region.Footnote1","PeriodicalId":46824,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Post-Communism","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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