Learning Culture and Social Interaction最新文献

This paper presents the results of a cultural-historical study of the genesis and development of concepts by infants and toddlers. Under the conditions of an educational experiment of a Conceptual PlayWorld in a living laboratory of a childcare centre, we investigated the developmental conditions and dramatic imaginary play moments of this cultural age period. We found that a family system was the genesis of the lived experience of a concept from which other concepts are formed/embedded/imagined, and that institutional settings can replicate the historical development of family as an early form of rising to the concrete. We noted how in imaginary play the caring for another kind of family system, supported the conditions for becoming aware of a lived experience of a family. In addition, imaginary play when co-experienced between infants and toddlers and teachers, acted as the initial carrier of word meaning and when educators acted ‘as if’ the infants understood the word meanings in imaginary play, the early development of concepts over time was supported. These findings add empirically to what is known about the development of word meaning and gives theoretical insight into what it means to historically rise to the concrete within the earliest cultural age period.

Imagination is considered a highly desired mental function in the 21st century, yet little is known about the emergence of play and imagination in infancy and toddlerhood. This paper reports an educational experiment of We Are Going on a Bear Hunt Conceptual PlayWorlds (CPW) in family settings to explore this under-researched area. Eighteen families with infant-toddlers (18 children 4 to 24 months old, mean age of 10 months) were recruited, with nine families each in the March 2021 and July 2021 rounds. We gathered around 29 h of digitally recorded data through Zoom sessions, 5.5 h of video data collected by families, and 11.5 h of pre and post CPW interviews with families. The data show that with support from adults, infants and toddlers develop their play and imagination, which is reflected through the evolving object-meaning relations regarding how their play and imagination are mediated by material objects and the corresponding roles of objects in play and imagination. Three types of roles of objects in infant-toddlers' play and imagination are reported. It is argued that the roles of objects in play offer new conceptual tools supporting adults in better understanding and supporting infant-toddlers' development of play and imagination.

This study scrutinizes how a simulated scenario framed as a competition is discussed in a post-simulation debriefing, where students reflect on game-like play in the context of professional education. This study draws on Erwin Goffman's (1974/86) analytical concept of framing. In particular, the analysis focuses on the instructor's and students' authentic conversations during a debriefing session and explores how these conversations open up negotiations of professional and playful learning. The research design is ethnographically informed and based on observations, field notes, and 34 h of video data from a navigation course in which 35 bachelor's students from a Norwegian university participated. Our analytical findings reveal that the activity undergoes continuous negotiation between two framings: professional and competitive. In professional framing, students are held accountable for adhering to professional rules, regulations, and norms of “good seamanship.” In the competition framing, students were competing to win the race. Moreover, as the competition mode intensified, students prioritized winning the race over adhering to the rules and regulations of the profession. Consequently, the findings illustrate how a competition framing within a professional education context has engaged the students, letting them demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a playful manner. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for an additional exploration of the opportunities and challenges of competition on professional decision making and ethical conduct in settings where simulation-based learning is utilized for training, particularly in domains that train students in high safety standards.

Perezhivanie, i.e., emotional lived experience, is a psychological structure for understanding dynamic influences derived from personal and social sources. In this study, two Japanese university students' perezhivaniya (plural) of English learning in their final year of high school and first two years of university studies were examined using a dataset containing a semi-structural interview, informal interviews and a series of classroom observation. This paper describes these students' perezhivanyia of English learning and explains their engagement as 1. in-the-moment responses anchored in personally significant events or moments; and 2. beyond-the-moment refractions during re-visitation of these events. Language learning engagement is therefore experiential, situated and reflective from a perezhivanie perspective. The findings indicate that students' changing engagement in English learning cannot be fully understood if it is removed from the irreducible unit of perezhivanie.

Touch is a primordial resource for interaction and for managing social relations, something that quite literally connects us with other human beings. This discussion paper approaches the articles in this special issue from a methodological perspective by reflecting on analytical challenges and possibilities in investigating interpersonal touch in educational encounters. It will briefly outline relevant methodological issues and transcription-related concerns in approaching interpersonal touch from a multimodal and sensorial research perspective. Key ideas in the empirical articles are then discussed with a view to what kinds of insights the articles in the special issue generate for future studies of interpersonal touch in educational settings.

Practice-embedded learning opportunities close the gap between professional development and practice. Side-by-side coaching can serve as such a learning opportunity by situating the teacher and coach in co-participation in the teacher's classroom. In this paper, we decompose side-by-side coaching drawing on Rogoff's (1995) constructs of guided participation and appropriation to demonstrate how co-participation can provide varied learning opportunities for teachers. We found that during side-by-side coaching teachers and coaches moved between seven forms of guided participation and opportunities for appropriation of practice. We discuss the adaptability of side-by-side coaching as a practice-embedded teacher learning opportunity and discuss implications for design.

To support student learning throughout their school journey, it is important to investigate the authentic state of educational dialogue both in early primary and secondary school to map the potential variations concerning dialogue. The present study examined educational dialogue in early primary school and secondary school in literacy, mathematics and science lessons. Video-recorded classroom lessons (n = 115 in both grades) of Grade 2 primary school teachers (n = 50) and Grade 9 subject teachers (n = 36) were analysed in terms of the amount, duration, and quality of episodes of educational dialogue. Educational dialogues were found to be typically longer in Grade 9 than in Grade 2. In terms of the quality of educational dialogue, teacher-initiated dialogue of moderate quality occurred more in Grade 9 classrooms, whereas teacher-initiated dialogue of high quality was observed more in Grade 2 classrooms. In Grade 2, both the amount and quality of dialogue varied across subjects, whereas in Grade 9, variation concerning specific subjects was scant. The findings contribute to prior research by suggesting differences in several aspects of educational dialogue between early primary and secondary school. These variations should be considered when supporting students' learning and participation through educational dialogue in different developmental phases and in different subjects.

In this paper, we propose a sociocultural perspective to consider affects in older age. The psychology of learning throughout the whole life course, including in the life of older adults, suggest that affects play an important role. However, developmental psychology has paid little attention to affects in learning and development, and even less to these aspects in older age. We believe that it is important to examine affects in older age because of their centrality in the lifecourse; but how to account for them? We propose the notion of thematic engagement to highlight the role of affects in older persons' learning and development, and to designate transversal and pluri-thematic interests across activities and domains of knowledge, which enable us to show that some topics, domains or interests become more important than others for a given person across time. We base our claims on a longitudinal study of older people engaging in different activities at home, in their neighbourhood, as well as in a daycare centre for older people, and provide three dialogical exemplars. We finally highlight some theoretical and empirical implications of our proposition.