Learning Culture and Social Interaction最新文献

The purpose of this study was to explore whether and how students experience mathematics as an aspect of vocational knowing in the Swedish upper secondary Natural Resource Programme, in the orientation of animal care, and in the vocation. Data for the study comprised teacher's documented planning, student interviews, followed by a validation of the interviews. Data were initially analysed thematically. Thereafter, the themes were analysed with theoretical concepts from the theory of practice architectures (sayings, doings, and relatings), and interpreted in terms of characteristic arrangements (cultural-discursive, material-economic, and social-political). Themes identified in the student interviews were: 1) Vocational knowing in animal caregiving 2) Mathematics as vocational knowing 3) Mathematics as part of vocational language, and 4) Mathematics as a foundation subject. Sayings were also related to doings, because of the accessibility and character of data. It was evident that students recognized mathematics as an aspect of vocational knowing, but there was also a tension between this mathematics and for the school/as a foundation subject. Relatings represented the recurrent contexts of school, animal facilities, workplace learning but also laws and regulations for contemporary animal care. Further analysis was made to historical traces of previous education within the area and to political decisions.

This paper extends the boundary-crossing framework in research-practice partnership (RPP) scholarship to engage with Border and Critical Race scholarship to complicate how learning and knowledge are interactionally forged in RPPs. I highlight how boundary-crossing entails more than navigating cultural, professional and organizational differences and is shaped by the complex borderlands from which RPP actors make meaning. I suggest that a border-crossing framework allows researchers and practitioners to begin with the premise that “collective knowledge” is always-already fractured and that the possibility of consensus in RPPs is always-already a tenuous construction. I draw on data from a two-year ethnographic case study of an RPP to ask the following question: How does onto-epistemological difference impact RPP actors' boundary-crossing interactions and encounters? Using critical discourse and conversation analysis, I examine participants' talk-in-interaction in a focus group discussion to better understand how learning occurs and knowledge is constructed between RPP actors – three teachers and a university researcher, in this case. Ultimately, I show that the group's norms of interaction compelled participants to corral each other's talk towards agreement, constructing the impression of shared meaning-making and consensus even in its absence.

Science teaching relies heavily on visual illustrations and visually organized assignments as methods of teaching and proving concepts like the Pythagorean theorem. As Visually Impaired Persons (VIPs) cannot see, they derive no benefit from the use of such illustrations alone. Often, material objects are used to help VIPs understand mathematical concepts by means of tactile and haptic perception. In this paper, I will show the practices employed in the pursuit of transforming a visually available material object into something of specific scientific relevance for tactile and haptic exploration. This article thus emphasizes the matter – in the original sense of materiality – of math. Based on video-recorded data, this paper provides an in-depth interactional analysis of a single case in which a VIP engages in a mathematics learning situation with an assistant. This research is based on and contributes to ethnomethodology and conversation analysis by critically examining how objects are used to teach VIPs in math classes. The research has implications for a broadened understanding of how learning mathematics is not just a matter of logics, verbal descriptions or the visual analysis of charts and diagrams, but can also inherently involve the tangible materiality of mathematical representations.

Bullying among academics, while one of the highest rates of workplace bullying, remains to be understudied as a topic, limiting our understanding of it. It is largely addressed as interpersonal conflict, as opposed to an experience that is integrated into the culture of an institution. Utilizing a System's Model perspective, we evaluated how the culture and structure of academic departments influenced bullying rates. We noted that culture and structure do have an impact on bullying rates, including how the social engagements, relationships and supports determined rates of bullying.

This article aims to contribute to the emerging body of research on community engagement of college students from minority and underserved groups. It examines community engagement programs involving students from the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel, a minority group that is clearly underrepresented in the higher education system in Israel. Using qualitative methods, this article analyzes how ultra-Orthodox students experience their community engagement and perceive its effects on themselves and on their communities. The findings illuminate how the students' social interactions during their volunteer work enhance meaningful learning despite considerable challenges and dilemmas. Ultra-orthodox students constantly cross social and cultural boundaries, and their choice to enroll in higher education is often delegitimized in their communities. Their ability to contribute to their communities through collegiate community engagement programs helps justify their decision to pursue an academic education. This ability also empowers them in the challenging liminal state between the ultra-Orthodox society and academia. Hence, community engagement helps reinforce the academization of the ultra-Orthodox society. This case study proposes that student volunteers from underrepresented minority groups can bridge the gap between academic institutions and their minority communities, serving as agents of societal change.

Previous studies focusing on change in vocational education have shown that collaboration shapes the professionality of vocational teachers (VTs) and helps them better adapt to change. The most collaborative VTs also use more learner-centred teaching practices. However, this raises the question of which teaching practices VTs implemented for online learning in the state of emergency and how these related to collaboration with colleagues. Based on quantitative data, the K-means cluster analysis was used, and three clusters of VTs were identified according to their teaching practices, which were described on the basis of forms of collaboration. The teachers of the second cluster used a variety of innovative teaching practices to support students and participated more in collaborative planning and teaching, and also provided feedback as well as collaborating more with their colleagues.

This paper investigates how learning unfolds in poly-contextual settings. In work-related learning, boundaries between contexts have been viewed as learning resources. From the multilevel approach suggested by Akkerman and Bruining (2016), we focus on the intrapersonal level, on individuals as units of analysis. We propose an intrapersonal methodology and demonstrate it with an empirical study based on individual interviews. We combine cultural-historical activity theory understanding of an individual with Mariann Märtsin's ideas of identity construction and identity as subjective sense through multivoiced negotiations of meaning at the boundaries within the self. Our analysis demonstrates how the interviewees offered examples of identity construction that show how they rendered their being meaningful in the world in all its diversity without losing the unity of the self. Situationally dominant senses opened fields of meaning potentials with mediating semiotic devices at the boundary between the personal and the professional. The analysis points to some generalizability of sensemaking as a generic process that always operates in unique forms. Our findings suggest that exploring subjectivity from the perspective of sensemaking may contribute to research on work-related learning by addressing an object of sense making which is dialogically comprised with hybridity, multiplicity, and complexity.

Many elementary classrooms lack science and engineering instruction. This problem is compounded by teachers who feel they lack the autonomy, trust, and agency to include these experiences in their elementary curricula. However, this view of elementary teachers perpetuates prevalent pessimism focusing on what teachers lack and cannot accomplish. This study pushes back against these dominant narratives to explore teachers' agency as they work to integrate science and engineering into elementary curricula and provide transformative learning experiences. Using a STEM journey mapping protocol combined with narrative inquiry, this article explores elementary teachers' narratives, voices, lived experiences, and agency. Study results provide examples of teachers creatively pushing boundaries while working within school structures and yield a more nuanced conceptualization of teachers' agency.

Family interactions constitute an arena for children's moral development: it is indeed through ordinary talk, and shared, task-oriented activities that children are socialized into moral orders and culturally informed ways of thinking and acting. Drawing on a video-based study on the everyday life of 19 middle-class families and adopting a discourse analytic approach, the paper sheds light on the socializing function of a domestic activity: homework. We illustrate that, when it unfolds as a family activity, the issues at stake go far beyond its school-oriented goals: homework provides ‘ethical affordances’ that make relevant moral talk whereby parents introduce children to some unquestioned principles such as homework must be done neatly and it is part of the child's duties. We contend that, by participating in morally loaded homework interactions, children are socialized not only into a school-aligned cultural list concerning what is right and what is wrong about homework, but moreover into a constitutive, taken-for-granted pillar of human sociality: the moral assessability of human conduct, i.e., its being subject to evaluations informed by the ‘right vs. wrong’ category. Implications for teacher training and parent education programs are discussed in the conclusion.

This conversation analytic paper explores how students in pair and groupwork tasks produce and respond to claims of insufficient knowledge (CIKs). Based on 7 h of video recordings of peer interaction from 18 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes in Czech secondary schools, we analyze how students express and negotiate their epistemic status using CIKs: when producing a CIK, the current speaker assumes a not-knowing status, thus making the imminent speaker change more relevant, as the next speaker then typically reveals his or her epistemic status. We also show that when a CIK is produced dyadic interactions in second position, the first speaker then produces a knowledge display response, or another CIK, resulting in abandoning the question, which differs from sequences that can be found in frontal teaching. The findings also show that CIKs can be used to resume task-related talk and initiate repair sequences focusing on language issues that the task comprises. Thus, CIKs can be viewed as central interactional resources for students to manage the task, i.e., to invite others to contribute, to resume their talk, or to abandon the current question, and to initiate repair sequences focusing on problematic items from the task.