Learning Culture and Social Interaction最新文献

This study addresses the support and responsiveness towards children's agency within early childhood education and care (ECEC) in the context of collaborative storytelling. We analyze activities in which ECEC teachers together with pairs of children (re)tell a story that they know from a book. Like in any social activity, the matter theoretically referred to as ‘agency’ is actualized. In the case of storytelling, this is a matter that could be formulated in terms of ‘authoring’ and ‘what story’ or ‘whose story’ is (to be) told. Adopting a sociocultural/dialogical perspective, we analyze the interaction in these triads, paying particular attention to shifts in the authoring of stories and in manifestations of stancetaking. The empirical data were gathered from two internationally profiled preschools in Sweden, involving 10 children aged 4–5 years who engage in multiple languages. The results clarify the continuous negotiation of agency in the activities. The results are discussed in terms of methodology and the importance of studying agency in a manner that captures it as dynamic, changing and evolving, rather than as reified possession, is emphasized.

Guiding small groups working on mathematical tasks is challenging for teachers. In this study, we investigated whether using a tool that helps teachers scaffold small student groups during mathematical discussions (the SGS Tool) leads to more and qualitatively better mathematical discussions. The participants were eight teachers and 272 seventh-grade students drawn from two schools. Five teachers used the tool (SGS condition), while three did not (control condition). SGS teachers gave relatively more support than control teachers. SGS teachers also took various steps of the SGS Tool, whereas the control teachers mostly gave content support. Significantly more and qualitatively better mathematical discussions occurred in the SGS condition. We provide a qualitative illustration of two contrasting teacher–small-group interactions (one in the control condition and one in the SGS condition), followed by an analysis of the interaction processes associated with one student group in each class during one lesson.

In a moment in which society frequently legitimizes the narrative that young children are “goal-oriented”, “competent” and “agents”, this paper denaturalizes this core value through empirical examples of how agency is enacted in family practices in which parents and siblings animate infant “speech” (voicing), fortifying the child's active family membership. The paper draws from a multimodal, longitudinal, ethnographic study examining the language socialization of infants in Spanish middle-class families from Madrid. In dialogue with a relational approach to agency, voicing is analyzed to showcase how the social construction of babies' agency dynamically changes in different positions (e. g. between competence and vulnerability) and in different verbal and no-verbal attunements between babies and family members. As we consider the interactional and verbal routine of voicing, we also move to a more vaguely defined terrain of undervalued dimensions, such as infant vocalizations and other forms of multimodal and embodied communicative practices, as they co-occur in socio-material ensembles.

This study contributes to growing scholarly interest in teacher-led, school-based learning communities and the characteristics of teacher dialogue and social interaction that support professional learning in these settings. Based on existing conceptual distinctions proposed in the literature, we term this type of teacher dialogue “collaborative inquiry into practice” (CLIP) and propose a systematic and reliable tool to measure it. We then employ a quantitative, comparative research design to study how different teacher team activities (i.e., video-analysis, peer consultations, and pedagogical planning) shape the extent to which teachers engage in CLIP. Fifty-four transcribed teacher meeting excerpts were analyzed with the CLIP coding scheme, assessing different aspects of inquiry-based reasoning, participation, and content. Quantitative comparisons and illustrative examples show that CLIP was lowest during peer consultations, in part because teachers were often not positioned as agents of change in such conversations. Pedagogical planning activities featured more instances of inquiry into each other's ideas. Contrary to common assumptions, collaborative video analysis activities were not characterized by increased attention to student thinking or inquiry orientation. Our findings provide new insights into teacher-led, collaborative learning in on-the-job settings, as well as practical implications for the design of school-based professional learning communities.

This ethnographic study investigates the dynamics of children's interactions during foosball matches at Vila do Boa school in Brazil's Federal District. Over the span of a year, participant observations and video recordings were conducted during school breaks. This paper focuses on a specific frame, “two against one”, featuring five children engaged in an intense foosball match. Using detailed transcriptions informed by conversation analysis, the Ethnography reveals the nuanced ways in which children navigate disputes and adapt rules, particularly when confronted with a significantly more skilled player. The analysis underscores the development of a unique lexicon among the children, highlighting how their language and interactions are integral to the game's dynamics and their broader socialization processes.

In this article we review studies of interaction in post-simulation debriefing. The focus is on research that takes an interest in the sequential unfolding of debriefing conversations, using recordings of naturally occurring interaction as data. While a growing number of studies have examined learning outcomes in debriefing using quantitative methodologies, relatively little is known about the details of debriefing interaction. We take our point of departure in prior meta-analyses of post-simulation debriefing, and discuss this research in relation to the burgeoning field of research that employs a video-ethnographic perspective, broadly informed by conversation analysis and ethnomethodology. We identify two prominent themes in the existing interaction analytic research: facilitator guidance, and the use of performance review media. In both these areas, we discuss how studies of interaction contribute to new conceptualizations of debriefing through a complementary perspective on simulation-based learning. We also identify a set of promising areas of future research into the interactional accomplishment of post-simulation debriefing: self-led debriefing; debriefing structure; the disciplinary shaping of debriefing interaction; and the sensitive nature of feedback.

Reciprocal interactions between parents and their children with visual impairment (VI) and additional disabilities (AD) may be compromised due to the children's disabilities. Children with VIAD may not be able to access their parents' nonverbal expressions, such as gazes or facial gestures. Moreover, the children's expressions can be difficult for their parents to read. The bodily-tactile modality can be used in interactions to compensate for a child's lack of vision. This multiple-case study investigated the effects of a bodily-tactile early intervention on interactional reciprocity in three sighted mothers and their one-year-old children with VIAD. The data consisted of eight hours of video recordings from four baseline, eight intervention, and three follow-up sessions. Baseline and intervention recordings were made weekly. The follow-up recordings were made one week, five weeks, and nine weeks after the last intervention session. The video data were analyzed using the principles of multimodal conversation analysis. The sequential analysis showed that interactive reciprocity between the mothers and their children increased during the intervention. The mothers began to use more of the bodily-tactile modality in early social play routines. Moreover, they started to treat their children's movements as meaningful turns in interaction and to give more time and space for their children to take their turns. The results suggest that the bodily actions of children with VIAD can become resources for their participation through their mothers' actions.

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Czech Republic faced an unprecedented influx of Ukrainian refugees. This study aims to examine the social adaptation of Ukrainian students in Czech schools from a holistic perspective, incorporating the viewpoints of refugee students and their parents, headteachers, and teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these actors from the six lower secondary schools that enrolled the largest influx of Ukrainian refugee students through the 2022/2023 academic year. The analysis included 58 interviews that were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. Following Berry's model of acculturation, the findings revealed tension between integration and separation among Ukrainian refugee students. Their social adaptation process was shaped by perceptions of the importance of ethnicity, the methods of acquiring the host country language and to what levels, and the approaches to interactions with Czech classmates. These elements combined to form three types of social adaptation: openness to friendship, utilitarian friendships, and (self-)isolation. Additionally, three teacher approaches (intervening, doubtful, and inattentive non-intervening) and their potential consequences for social adaptation were identified. Practical implications are discussed.

STEM education has become a national priority, critical to the future of the workforce and the building of competitive economies across the globe. The literature suggests that early engagement with basic STEM concepts supports mastery of STEM subjects in later school years and in the professions. This has generated a need to better understand the ways children learn STEM concepts in family settings where it is understood that much of children's conceptual development takes place. This paper seeks to examine how parents can pedagogically position themselves to create motivating conditions for STEM learning. Various cultural-historical researchers have theorised that imagination is useful in the development of children's thinking. This paper reports on how an evidence informed model for STEM learning, which uses collective imagination to support conceptual development, when introduced as an intervention into family practice, provided opportunities for a parent to begin positioning themselves with pedagogical impact. Participating families engaged in six Conceptual PlayWorld sessions via zoom with children aged 4 years and 6 months. Through analysis of playful family interactions, the findings show four pedagogical positions or ‘interactional themes’ initiated by the parent (‘above’/’primordial we’, ‘equal’, ‘independent’ and ‘below’) each of which created different possibilities for collective imagination and conceptual thinking.

In line with contemporary views that problematise a stage-based approach to play, the study reported in this paper investigated the early forms of imaginary play of infants and toddlers. Results from two cohorts are presented in support of the genesis (11 infants; 1.1–2.0y; mean 1.6) and development of imagination as a psychological function (19 toddlers; 2.5–3.3ys; mean 2.9). Under the same conditions of an intervention of a Conceptual PlayWorld, the results show infants in imaginary situations gesturing imaginative intent, and the under three-year-olds engaged in more developed forms of imaginative play actions. Invited into imaginary play scenarios by educators, a dramatic tension between the infants' reality and their playing of reality was resolved through imitation, while the toddlers resolved emotional tensions in the drama of the imaginary play through emotional imagining (images). We concluded that there was a unique relationship between image formation, emotional imagining and the development of the psychological function of imagination. We argue that when imaginary play is made available to infants and toddlers that early forms of imagining are evident and suggest educators have a key role in creating conditions to support the development of imagination in group settings.