Two drivers of the status quo bias are explored via a split sample survey with a pivot-designed Discrete Choice Experiment interviewing recreational fishers in Italy. The propensity to favor the status quo over the hypothetical alternatives given an individual reference point, which we call “dispersion” is examined and modelled accordingly. The framing of the status quo alternative, as a driver of bias, is explored as reference point or opt-out option. Our findings demonstrate that when the status quo is characterized as an individual-specific reference, the status quo bias increases with the magnitude of the dispersion, leading to potentially biased willingness-to-pay estimates. Conversely, when the status quo is characterized as an opt-out option, the effect of the dispersion diminishes, improving the robustness of the estimates. Our results underscore the importance of carefully designing choice scenarios to manage status quo bias. In order to improve the accuracy of welfare estimates, a novel random utility model that tests and accounts for the effects of dispersion is proposed. The performance of this model is numerically tested in a series of Monte Carlo experiments.
{"title":"Dispersion-induced status quo bias in pivot-designed choice experiment","authors":"Fabio Cevenini , Sandra Notaro , Silvia Ferrini , Fabio Grati","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2026.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2026.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two drivers of the status quo bias are explored via a split sample survey with a pivot-designed Discrete Choice Experiment interviewing recreational fishers in Italy. The propensity to favor the status quo over the hypothetical alternatives given an individual reference point, which we call “dispersion” is examined and modelled accordingly. The framing of the status quo alternative, as a driver of bias, is explored as reference point or opt-out option. Our findings demonstrate that when the status quo is characterized as an individual-specific reference, the status quo bias increases with the magnitude of the dispersion, leading to potentially biased willingness-to-pay estimates. Conversely, when the status quo is characterized as an opt-out option, the effect of the dispersion diminishes, improving the robustness of the estimates. Our results underscore the importance of carefully designing choice scenarios to manage status quo bias. In order to improve the accuracy of welfare estimates, a novel random utility model that tests and accounts for the effects of dispersion is proposed. The performance of this model is numerically tested in a series of Monte Carlo experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100586
Peio Alcorta, Petr Mariel
We derive the Hessian matrix and asymptotic variance of linear-in-parameters latent class logit models. These analytical solutions enable precise estimation of standard errors, significantly improve post-estimation computational efficiency, and may offer deeper theoretical insights into model behaviour and stability.
{"title":"On the asymptotic variance of latent class logit models for discrete choice applications","authors":"Peio Alcorta, Petr Mariel","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive the Hessian matrix and asymptotic variance of linear-in-parameters latent class logit models. These analytical solutions enable precise estimation of standard errors, significantly improve post-estimation computational efficiency, and may offer deeper theoretical insights into model behaviour and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100585
Francisco Bahamonde-Birke , C. Angelo Guevara
Empirical evidence has established the existence of a phenomenon known as the decoy effect, which suggests that including irrelevant alternatives into a choice-set may affect the way in which the original alternatives are evaluated. In this paper we explore different ways to characterize the decoy effect and offer an in-depth discussion on the theoretical and empirical implications of the different modeling approaches. We also consider a stated preference experiment for which we model the phenomenon according to the assumptions of regret theory, emergent value, and prospect theory. Based on theoretical and empirical considerations, our results suggest that models based on prospect theory seem to outperform alternative behavioral paradigms to model the decoy effect.
{"title":"Which rubber duck makes the best decoy? Considering the decoy effect on the basis of different behavioral theories","authors":"Francisco Bahamonde-Birke , C. Angelo Guevara","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical evidence has established the existence of a phenomenon known as the decoy effect, which suggests that including irrelevant alternatives into a choice-set may affect the way in which the original alternatives are evaluated. In this paper we explore different ways to characterize the decoy effect and offer an in-depth discussion on the theoretical and empirical implications of the different modeling approaches. We also consider a stated preference experiment for which we model the phenomenon according to the assumptions of regret theory, emergent value, and prospect theory. Based on theoretical and empirical considerations, our results suggest that models based on prospect theory seem to outperform alternative behavioral paradigms to model the decoy effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2026.100595
Louis de Grange , Matthieu Marechal , Rodrigo Troncoso , Raúl Pezoa , Felipe González
An approach is developed for estimating multinomial logit models with endogenous explanatory variables that dispenses with the need for instrumental variables, a significant advantage given that good quality exogenous instruments are often not available. The proposed instrument-free method extends and adapts that of Breitung et al. (2024), which was developed specifically for multiple linear regression models. Simulations were conducted to make comparisons with control functions, which do require instruments, and the classic maximum likelihood technique, which does not correct for endogeneity, under different levels of correlation between the endogenous variable and the error term. The results showed that the proposed approach performed very satisfactorily. To supplement the simulations, the instrument-free method was applied to a case with real-world data, once again obtaining good results compared to control functions. The proposed method is easily implemented and can be used with models containing multiple exogenous and endogenous variables, as well as with the multinomial probit model. It should prove very useful for researchers and other professionals estimating models for public policy evaluation, transport planning and consumer behaviour analyses.
我们开发了一种方法来估计具有内生解释变量的多项logit模型，该方法不需要工具变量，这是一个显著的优势，因为通常没有高质量的外生工具。提出的无仪器方法扩展并适应了Breitung et al.（2024）的方法，该方法是专门为多元线性回归模型开发的。在不同程度的内生变量和误差项之间的相关性下，进行了模拟，以比较需要仪器的控制函数和经典的最大似然技术，后者不校正内生性。结果表明，该方法的性能令人满意。为了补充仿真，将无仪器方法应用于具有实际数据的案例，与控制函数相比，再次获得了良好的结果。该方法易于实现，可用于包含多个外生变量和内生变量的模型，也可用于多项概率模型。它对研究人员和其他专业人员估计公共政策评估、运输规划和消费者行为分析的模型应该非常有用。
{"title":"An instrument-free approach for estimating multinomial logit models with endogenous variables","authors":"Louis de Grange , Matthieu Marechal , Rodrigo Troncoso , Raúl Pezoa , Felipe González","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2026.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2026.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An approach is developed for estimating multinomial logit models with endogenous explanatory variables that dispenses with the need for instrumental variables, a significant advantage given that good quality exogenous instruments are often not available. The proposed instrument-free method extends and adapts that of Breitung et al. (2024), which was developed specifically for multiple linear regression models. Simulations were conducted to make comparisons with control functions, which do require instruments, and the classic maximum likelihood technique, which does not correct for endogeneity, under different levels of correlation between the endogenous variable and the error term. The results showed that the proposed approach performed very satisfactorily. To supplement the simulations, the instrument-free method was applied to a case with real-world data, once again obtaining good results compared to control functions. The proposed method is easily implemented and can be used with models containing multiple exogenous and endogenous variables, as well as with the multinomial probit model. It should prove very useful for researchers and other professionals estimating models for public policy evaluation, transport planning and consumer behaviour analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100582
Jeff Tjiong , Thijs Dekker , Stephane Hess , Marek Giergiczny , Manuel Ojeda-Cabral , Mikołaj Czajkowski
Stated choice surveys commonly used in public policy appraisal – such as in transport or environmental economics – often contrast a ‘free’ status quo alternative against a range of (policy) interventions which can be implemented at a cost. Limited attention has, however, been paid to the fact that the ‘free’ nature of the status quo (SQ) alternative may make the SQ alternative overly attractive due to the zero-price (ZP) effect. The ZP effect is a well-established notion in behavioural economics explaining the phenomenon that individuals tend to over-react to free alternatives. We present an experimental design setup allowing the separation of the ZP effect from the SQ effect together with the identification of non-linear sensitivities to costs. Choices made by students between different mobile broadband packages are used for illustrational purposes. Our analysis shows that the ZP effect is significant and the observed preference to remain in the SQ is largely due to the ZP effect. In practice, this may lead to biased welfare estimates for public policy packages if the ZP effect is not explicitly accounted for. Moreover, we also show that misspecification of the functional form for cost can lead to significant bias in WTP estimates and the ZP and SQ effects.
{"title":"Capturing zero-price effects in stated choice surveys: implications for willingness-to-pay and welfare","authors":"Jeff Tjiong , Thijs Dekker , Stephane Hess , Marek Giergiczny , Manuel Ojeda-Cabral , Mikołaj Czajkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stated choice surveys commonly used in public policy appraisal – such as in transport or environmental economics – often contrast a ‘free’ status quo alternative against a range of (policy) interventions which can be implemented at a cost. Limited attention has, however, been paid to the fact that the ‘free’ nature of the status quo (SQ) alternative may make the SQ alternative overly attractive due to the zero-price (ZP) effect. The ZP effect is a well-established notion in behavioural economics explaining the phenomenon that individuals tend to over-react to free alternatives. We present an experimental design setup allowing the separation of the ZP effect from the SQ effect together with the identification of non-linear sensitivities to costs. Choices made by students between different mobile broadband packages are used for illustrational purposes. Our analysis shows that the ZP effect is significant and the observed preference to remain in the SQ is largely due to the ZP effect. In practice, this may lead to biased welfare estimates for public policy packages if the ZP effect is not explicitly accounted for. Moreover, we also show that misspecification of the functional form for cost can lead to significant bias in WTP estimates and the ZP and SQ effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100584
Wooje Seong , Hyunhong Choi , Yoonmo Koo
{"title":"Semi-dynamics of electric vehicle adoption based on strategic consumer choices: Preference statement-guided forward-looking behavior based on individual expectations","authors":"Wooje Seong , Hyunhong Choi , Yoonmo Koo","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100574
Laurent Cazor , Lawrence Christopher Duncan , David Paul Watling , Otto Anker Nielsen , Thomas Kjær Rasmussen
One-stage (implicit) choice set formation models offer a computationally efficient way to model how individuals consider alternatives. Among these, the Bounded Choice Model (BCM) stands out for its consistent, utility-based cutoffs. However, the BCM is non-differentiable, which limits its usefulness: key outputs such as elasticities and standard errors cannot be computed analytically. To overcome this, we introduce the Smooth Bounded Choice Model (SBCM). This model assumes a new smooth truncated logistic distribution for the error terms and applies a smooth approximation to the maximum function used in defining the reference utility. As a result, the SBCM is infinitely differentiable, while preserving core features of the BCM, such as bounding, continuity, and the ability to collapse to the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model under specific conditions. Importantly, the SBCM is not just a smoother version of the BCM. Its more flexible distributional assumptions can better capture actual choice behaviour and allow for meaningful differences in predicted probabilities. We derive closed-form expressions for choice probabilities, gradients, Hessians, elasticities, and standard errors, and present a practical estimation method. The SBCM is tested in three case studies: one mode choice and two route choice settings (bicycle and public transport). In all cases, it outperforms both the BCM and MNL in terms of model fit and interpretability. While the BCM has so far been limited to car route choice, we show that the SBCM is widely applicable across various discrete choice contexts.
{"title":"A smooth bounded choice model: Formulation and application in three large-scale case studies","authors":"Laurent Cazor , Lawrence Christopher Duncan , David Paul Watling , Otto Anker Nielsen , Thomas Kjær Rasmussen","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One-stage (implicit) choice set formation models offer a computationally efficient way to model how individuals consider alternatives. Among these, the Bounded Choice Model (BCM) stands out for its consistent, utility-based cutoffs. However, the BCM is non-differentiable, which limits its usefulness: key outputs such as elasticities and standard errors cannot be computed analytically. To overcome this, we introduce the Smooth Bounded Choice Model (SBCM). This model assumes a new smooth truncated logistic distribution for the error terms and applies a smooth approximation to the maximum function used in defining the reference utility. As a result, the SBCM is infinitely differentiable, while preserving core features of the BCM, such as bounding, continuity, and the ability to collapse to the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model under specific conditions. Importantly, the SBCM is not just a smoother version of the BCM. Its more flexible distributional assumptions can better capture actual choice behaviour and allow for meaningful differences in predicted probabilities. We derive closed-form expressions for choice probabilities, gradients, Hessians, elasticities, and standard errors, and present a practical estimation method. The SBCM is tested in three case studies: one mode choice and two route choice settings (bicycle and public transport). In all cases, it outperforms both the BCM and MNL in terms of model fit and interpretability. While the BCM has so far been limited to car route choice, we show that the SBCM is widely applicable across various discrete choice contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100573
Sebastian Büscher, Dietmar Bauer
Gradient-based Lagrange multiplier-type tests represent a valuable tool for discriminating between nested models, obviating the necessity to estimate the unrestricted model. This is particularly advantageous when testing for pooling in panel data sets, as it permits the testing of multiple groupings without the necessity of re-estimating the model for each grouping. This makes the process considerably faster and more flexible in comparison to Wald or likelihood ratio type tests.
In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of pairwise composite marginal likelihood (CML) estimation enables the comparison of gradients between different CML contributions of pairs of observations for individuals. This allows for the testing of pooling over time, as well as the identification of neglected temporal correlation. The CML approach thus offers a degree of flexibility that is not present in the classical likelihood setting.
Theoretical derivations of the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics under the null hypothesis are provided for the special case of multinomial probit models, thereby forming the basis for the statistical interpretation of the test statistic.
Moreover, a comprehensive simulation study was conducted to assess the finite-sample performance of the test statistics. In particular, the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and the rejection rates of the tests under various types and degrees of violations of the null hypothesis were evaluated using synthetic panel data sets of varying sizes. This empirical evaluation provides insights into the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed tests in detecting intra-personal heterogeneity and into causes of misspecifications in the deterministic utility structure.
{"title":"Using Lagrange multiplier type tests to detect structural intra-person heterogeneity in composite marginal likelihood estimation in panel data sets","authors":"Sebastian Büscher, Dietmar Bauer","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gradient-based Lagrange multiplier-type tests represent a valuable tool for discriminating between nested models, obviating the necessity to estimate the unrestricted model. This is particularly advantageous when testing for pooling in panel data sets, as it permits the testing of multiple groupings without the necessity of re-estimating the model for each grouping. This makes the process considerably faster and more flexible in comparison to Wald or likelihood ratio type tests.</div><div>In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of pairwise composite marginal likelihood (CML) estimation enables the comparison of gradients between different CML contributions of pairs of observations for individuals. This allows for the testing of pooling over time, as well as the identification of neglected temporal correlation. The CML approach thus offers a degree of flexibility that is not present in the classical likelihood setting.</div><div>Theoretical derivations of the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics under the null hypothesis are provided for the special case of multinomial probit models, thereby forming the basis for the statistical interpretation of the test statistic.</div><div>Moreover, a comprehensive simulation study was conducted to assess the finite-sample performance of the test statistics. In particular, the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and the rejection rates of the tests under various types and degrees of violations of the null hypothesis were evaluated using synthetic panel data sets of varying sizes. This empirical evaluation provides insights into the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed tests in detecting intra-personal heterogeneity and into causes of misspecifications in the deterministic utility structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100576
Stephen McCarthy, Fatemeh Naqavi, Anders Karlström
This paper applies recursive logit (RL) to model activity-trip chaining behaviour. We present a comparison between two approaches to applying the RL model in this context. In the first ‘sequential’ approach, agents form a trip chain by making a sequence of joint choices of activity location (i.e. trip destination) and travel mode, ending the chain by choosing to return home. The second ‘dynamic’ approach adds a time variable. Its agents form a full-day activity/travel schedule by making a sequence of choices either to continue the current activity for a fixed timestep or make a joint choice of new activity location and travel mode. We estimate parameters for both models using data from a Stockholm travel survey and validate model simulations against observed data. The models reproduce patterns of observed behaviour beyond their estimated parameters, including different types of trip chains and the spatial distribution of activities. While the dynamic model is advantageous in its ability to predict agent schedules, reflect time-varying travel conditions and endogenously represent space–time constraints, it does not surpass the simpler sequential model on mutual areas of trip chaining behaviour. We conclude that the RL model is well-suited to model trip chaining behaviour, and that the simpler sequential approach may be appropriate for many modelling purposes.
{"title":"Recursive logit models for dynamic versus sequential trip chaining","authors":"Stephen McCarthy, Fatemeh Naqavi, Anders Karlström","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper applies recursive logit (RL) to model activity-trip chaining behaviour. We present a comparison between two approaches to applying the RL model in this context. In the first ‘sequential’ approach, agents form a trip chain by making a sequence of joint choices of activity location (i.e. trip destination) and travel mode, ending the chain by choosing to return home. The second ‘dynamic’ approach adds a time variable. Its agents form a full-day activity/travel schedule by making a sequence of choices either to continue the current activity for a fixed timestep or make a joint choice of new activity location and travel mode. We estimate parameters for both models using data from a Stockholm travel survey and validate model simulations against observed data. The models reproduce patterns of observed behaviour beyond their estimated parameters, including different types of trip chains and the spatial distribution of activities. While the dynamic model is advantageous in its ability to predict agent schedules, reflect time-varying travel conditions and endogenously represent space–time constraints, it does not surpass the simpler sequential model on mutual areas of trip chaining behaviour. We conclude that the RL model is well-suited to model trip chaining behaviour, and that the simpler sequential approach may be appropriate for many modelling purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100577
Alice Yu, Rosalie Viney, Stephen Goodall, Deborah J. Street
Background
In health care preference studies, a general population sample may be the only viable option. However, they lack the understanding of treatment/care of patient samples. This study investigated the impact of providing extra information on general population comprehension of discrete choice experiment (DCE) choice sets. Preferences were compared between an informed and ‘naïve’ general population sample and a patient sample. This was investigated in the context of eliciting preferences for features of a chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) assessment tool.
Methods
A general population sample was randomised to two arms. Arm 1 (N = 167) received written information and some pictures about CIPN and Arm 2 (N = 168) received extra information in the form of a short video and moving images. These responses were compared to a patient sample (N = 117) that received the same information as Arm 1. All respondents completed 8 choice sets each.
Results
Arms 1 and 2 of the general population sample had no preference differences, although respondents in Arm 2 had an easier time identifying differences between assessment options than those in Arm 1. The patient and general population sample had overlapping preferences for some attribute parameters, while differences were more in terms of strength of preference rather than differences in preferences.
Conclusions
Extra information can improve general population understanding of DCE choice sets. However, it was not found to bring general population preferences closer to the patient sample. This has implications when considering willingness to pay by patients versus general population.
{"title":"Can an ‘informed’ general population sample be comparable to a patient sample? A case study of preferences for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy","authors":"Alice Yu, Rosalie Viney, Stephen Goodall, Deborah J. Street","doi":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocm.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In health care preference studies, a general population sample may be the only viable option. However, they lack the understanding of treatment/care of patient samples. This study investigated the impact of providing extra information on general population comprehension of discrete choice experiment (DCE) choice sets. Preferences were compared between an informed and ‘naïve’ general population sample and a patient sample. This was investigated in the context of eliciting preferences for features of a chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) assessment tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A general population sample was randomised to two arms. Arm 1 (N = 167) received written information and some pictures about CIPN and Arm 2 (N = 168) received extra information in the form of a short video and moving images. These responses were compared to a patient sample (N = 117) that received the same information as Arm 1. All respondents completed 8 choice sets each.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Arms 1 and 2 of the general population sample had no preference differences, although respondents in Arm 2 had an easier time identifying differences between assessment options than those in Arm 1. The patient and general population sample had overlapping preferences for some attribute parameters, while differences were more in terms of strength of preference rather than differences in preferences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Extra information can improve general population understanding of DCE choice sets. However, it was not found to bring general population preferences closer to the patient sample. This has implications when considering willingness to pay by patients versus general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46863,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Choice Modelling","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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