Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272978
M. S. Barbosa, Mariana Santana Guerra, F. F. Pereira, Otávio Henrique Medina da Silva, I. F. D. Silva
ABSTRACT Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an adult parasitoid of lepidopteran pests, and the age of the host has a strong influence on its reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of T. howardi reared on different aged pupae of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For that, pupae with 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 or 168 h of age were exposed to parasitism. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments (pupal age) and ten replications, with each replication consisting of five pupae individualized with one female parasitoid at the respective ages. Tetrastichus howardi parasitized and emerged in pupae of all the evaluated ages. The duration of the cycle (egg-adult) in days, number of parasitoids that emerged per pupa (progeny), progeny per female, sex ratio of the parasitoid and longevity of adults were similar. This is the first record of T. howardi reproducing in C. includens pupae under laboratory conditions. The highest parasitism and development of T. howardi was obtained in 24-to 96-hour-old pupae of C. includens, indicating that this age range is more favorable to rear this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Parasitism of Tetrastichus howardi (Ollif, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupae at different ages","authors":"M. S. Barbosa, Mariana Santana Guerra, F. F. Pereira, Otávio Henrique Medina da Silva, I. F. D. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272978","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an adult parasitoid of lepidopteran pests, and the age of the host has a strong influence on its reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of T. howardi reared on different aged pupae of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For that, pupae with 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 or 168 h of age were exposed to parasitism. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments (pupal age) and ten replications, with each replication consisting of five pupae individualized with one female parasitoid at the respective ages. Tetrastichus howardi parasitized and emerged in pupae of all the evaluated ages. The duration of the cycle (egg-adult) in days, number of parasitoids that emerged per pupa (progeny), progeny per female, sex ratio of the parasitoid and longevity of adults were similar. This is the first record of T. howardi reproducing in C. includens pupae under laboratory conditions. The highest parasitism and development of T. howardi was obtained in 24-to 96-hour-old pupae of C. includens, indicating that this age range is more favorable to rear this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5273419
Quirlene Raquel de Almeida, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, G. Silva, E. C. Rocha, H. Kikuti
ABSTRACT The nitrogen (N) supplying capacity of common bean plants through biological fixation is still questioned by farmers. This study aimed to investigate the nodulation, growth and production of common bean cultivars under field conditions, when subjected to topdressing Rhizobium tropici reinoculation applied at different rates, combined or not with Azospirillum brasilense. A randomized blocks design was used, in a 2 × 4 × 2 + 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two common bean cultivars (BRS-Estilo and BRS-Esteio) reinoculated with four R. tropici rates (0-, 1-, 2- and 4-fold the reference rate), combined or not with A. brasilense in co-inoculation. The additional treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer applications (20 and 50 kg ha-1 at planting and as topdressing, respectively) for both cultivars. The variables evaluated at the R6 stage were nodulation (number of active nodules and nodule dry weight) and morphological plant characteristics (root length and dry weight, plant height, shoot dry weight and N content), while, at harvest, the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 100-grain average weight and grain yield were evaluated. The topdressing reinoculation of R. tropici combined with A. brasilense at the V4 stage affected the nodulation process and agronomic characteristics of the common bean plants. When performed in addition to seed inoculation, it may totally replace the supply of mineral N in the crop, allowing the achievement of high yield levels.
普通豆类植物通过生物固定提供氮的能力仍然受到农民的质疑。本研究旨在探讨在田间条件下，施用不同剂量的追肥，并与巴西氮螺旋菌联合或不联合施用热带根瘤菌，对普通豆品种结瘤、生长和产量的影响。采用随机区组设计，2 × 4 × 2 + 2阶乘排列，共4个重复。2个普通大豆品种(BRS-Estilo和BRS-Esteio)分别接种4种热带扁豆(0、1、2和4倍对照率)，与巴西扁豆共接种或不接种。两个品种的附加处理为氮肥(播种时和追肥分别为20和50 kg hm -1)。R6期评价的变量为结瘤数(活跃根瘤数和根瘤干重)和植株形态特征(根长和干重、株高、茎干重和氮含量)，收获期评价的变量为单株荚果数、每荚粒数、百粒平均重和籽粒产量。4期回灌热带豆与巴西豆对普通豆的结瘤过程和农艺性状有影响。如果在接种种子的同时施用，则可以完全替代作物中矿质氮的供应，从而达到高产水平。
{"title":"Reinoculation of topdressing Rhizobium tropici combined or not with Azospirillum brasilense in common bean","authors":"Quirlene Raquel de Almeida, Itamar Rosa Teixeira, G. Silva, E. C. Rocha, H. Kikuti","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5273419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5273419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nitrogen (N) supplying capacity of common bean plants through biological fixation is still questioned by farmers. This study aimed to investigate the nodulation, growth and production of common bean cultivars under field conditions, when subjected to topdressing Rhizobium tropici reinoculation applied at different rates, combined or not with Azospirillum brasilense. A randomized blocks design was used, in a 2 × 4 × 2 + 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two common bean cultivars (BRS-Estilo and BRS-Esteio) reinoculated with four R. tropici rates (0-, 1-, 2- and 4-fold the reference rate), combined or not with A. brasilense in co-inoculation. The additional treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer applications (20 and 50 kg ha-1 at planting and as topdressing, respectively) for both cultivars. The variables evaluated at the R6 stage were nodulation (number of active nodules and nodule dry weight) and morphological plant characteristics (root length and dry weight, plant height, shoot dry weight and N content), while, at harvest, the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 100-grain average weight and grain yield were evaluated. The topdressing reinoculation of R. tropici combined with A. brasilense at the V4 stage affected the nodulation process and agronomic characteristics of the common bean plants. When performed in addition to seed inoculation, it may totally replace the supply of mineral N in the crop, allowing the achievement of high yield levels.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272726
Waléria Ramos Nogueira de Souza, P. Vaz, A. Wendland, M. V. Cortes, M. Bara
ABSTRACT Lafoensia pacari represents an alternative to control phytopathogens and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) diseases. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of L. pacari phenolics-containing extract obtained from leaves and assess its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans, Xanthomonas sp., Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. The microbial susceptibility screening and the extract’s potential to reduce the anthracnose severity and the common bacterial blight were examined. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified, eight of which were described for the first time in L. pacari leaves: gentisic, caffeic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic and vanillic acids, luteolin, naringenin and quercetin. The L. pacari extract completely inhibited bacterial growth at the concentration of 0.62-1.25 %, as well as the mycelial growth of the C. lindemuthianum (BRM 007626) isolate at the concentration of 5 % (v/v). Under greenhouse conditions, the extract led to the control of the common bacterial blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli (BRM 25302) in the Pérola bean cultivar and to a low efficiency in the control of anthracnose caused by C. lindemuthianum (BRM 007447) in the IPA 7419 cultivar.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Lafoensia pacari phenolics-containing extract against common bean phytopathogens","authors":"Waléria Ramos Nogueira de Souza, P. Vaz, A. Wendland, M. V. Cortes, M. Bara","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272726","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lafoensia pacari represents an alternative to control phytopathogens and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) diseases. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of L. pacari phenolics-containing extract obtained from leaves and assess its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans, Xanthomonas sp., Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. The microbial susceptibility screening and the extract’s potential to reduce the anthracnose severity and the common bacterial blight were examined. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified, eight of which were described for the first time in L. pacari leaves: gentisic, caffeic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic and vanillic acids, luteolin, naringenin and quercetin. The L. pacari extract completely inhibited bacterial growth at the concentration of 0.62-1.25 %, as well as the mycelial growth of the C. lindemuthianum (BRM 007626) isolate at the concentration of 5 % (v/v). Under greenhouse conditions, the extract led to the control of the common bacterial blight caused by X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli (BRM 25302) in the Pérola bean cultivar and to a low efficiency in the control of anthracnose caused by C. lindemuthianum (BRM 007447) in the IPA 7419 cultivar.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5167857
Carlos Augusto Campos da Cruz, Valdeci Orioli Júnior, J. S. Bernardes, Mateus Martini Sargentim, G. A. Silva, Ana Clara Dutra Kochenborger
ABSTRACT Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most widely used potassium source to meet crops requirements. However, Brazil’s dependence on imports to meet the national demand demonstrates the need to assess the efficiency of other sources of this nutrient. The present study aimed to assess the agronomic efficiency of phonolite in natura and its mixture with a water-soluble source (KCl), for Paiaguás palisadegrass. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a sandy clay loam typic Hapludox. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of three K sources (KCl, phonolite and a 30 % of KCl + 70 % of phonolite blend) and five doses of the nutrient (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1), with four replications. The phonolite doses promoted a linear increase in the dry weight production, albeit inferior to KCl for all the cuttings, whereas the KCl (30 %) and phonolite (70 %) blend showed a better fertilization efficiency than phonolite alone, which exhibited an intermediate effect. The agronomic efficiency was 29 % for the phonolite alone and 63 % for the blend, and the critical K levels in the soil and shoots were, respectively, 1.4 mmolc dm-3 and 8.7 g kg-1.
{"title":"Efficiency of phonolite as a potassium source for Paiaguás palisadegrass","authors":"Carlos Augusto Campos da Cruz, Valdeci Orioli Júnior, J. S. Bernardes, Mateus Martini Sargentim, G. A. Silva, Ana Clara Dutra Kochenborger","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5167857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5167857","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most widely used potassium source to meet crops requirements. However, Brazil’s dependence on imports to meet the national demand demonstrates the need to assess the efficiency of other sources of this nutrient. The present study aimed to assess the agronomic efficiency of phonolite in natura and its mixture with a water-soluble source (KCl), for Paiaguás palisadegrass. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a sandy clay loam typic Hapludox. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of three K sources (KCl, phonolite and a 30 % of KCl + 70 % of phonolite blend) and five doses of the nutrient (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1), with four replications. The phonolite doses promoted a linear increase in the dry weight production, albeit inferior to KCl for all the cuttings, whereas the KCl (30 %) and phonolite (70 %) blend showed a better fertilization efficiency than phonolite alone, which exhibited an intermediate effect. The agronomic efficiency was 29 % for the phonolite alone and 63 % for the blend, and the critical K levels in the soil and shoots were, respectively, 1.4 mmolc dm-3 and 8.7 g kg-1.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5167995
Marcos Paulo Carvalho, J. A. R. Nunes, E. L. Carmo, G. Simon, Rânia Nunes Oliveira Moraes
ABSTRACT The conventional soybean production has been re-establishing itself every year, due to the fact that the international market has demanded products with high agronomic performance and nutritional quality, free of genetically modified organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of conventional soybean genotypes in the southwestern Goiás state (Rio Verde, Montividiu and Santa Helena de Goiás), Brazil, during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. A randomized blocks design was used, being tested eight genotypes (the cultivars BRS284, BRS283, BRS232, BRS317, NT11-1277, INT3459 and M6101 and the line NT1478SP). The grain and oil yields, as well as the oil and protein contents, were evaluated. Multi-environment analyses were performed using a heterogeneous residual variance model, and the GGE biplot analysis was used to describe the interrelationships between genotypes and environments. The most adapted and stable genotypes were BRS 317 for grain yield and BRS 283 for oil yield. They also corresponded more closely to the ideotype for the specific region, thus proving to be promising. NT1478SP showed the highest protein content. In the 2018/2019 crop season, Montividiu was more discriminating for the conventional soybean production, regarding grain and oil yields.
由于国际市场要求产品具有高农艺性能和营养品质，不含转基因生物，传统的大豆生产每年都在重新建立起来。本研究旨在评估传统大豆基因型在巴西西南部Goiás州(里约热内卢Verde、Montividiu和Santa Helena de Goiás) 2017/2018和2018/2019作物季的适应性。采用随机区组设计，对8个基因型(品种BRS284、BRS283、BRS232、BRS317、NT11-1277、INT3459、M6101和品系NT1478SP)进行检测。对籽粒和油脂产量以及油脂和蛋白质含量进行了评价。采用异质残差模型进行多环境分析，采用GGE双图分析来描述基因型与环境之间的相互关系。最适合和最稳定的基因型是籽粒产量基因型BRS 317和油料产量基因型BRS 283。它们也更接近于特定区域的理想形态，因此证明是有希望的。蛋白含量最高的是NT1478SP。在2018/2019作物季节，Montividiu对常规大豆生产的粮食和油料产量更加挑剔。
{"title":"Adaptability and stability of conventional soybean by GGE biplot analysis","authors":"Marcos Paulo Carvalho, J. A. R. Nunes, E. L. Carmo, G. Simon, Rânia Nunes Oliveira Moraes","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5167995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5167995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The conventional soybean production has been re-establishing itself every year, due to the fact that the international market has demanded products with high agronomic performance and nutritional quality, free of genetically modified organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of conventional soybean genotypes in the southwestern Goiás state (Rio Verde, Montividiu and Santa Helena de Goiás), Brazil, during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons. A randomized blocks design was used, being tested eight genotypes (the cultivars BRS284, BRS283, BRS232, BRS317, NT11-1277, INT3459 and M6101 and the line NT1478SP). The grain and oil yields, as well as the oil and protein contents, were evaluated. Multi-environment analyses were performed using a heterogeneous residual variance model, and the GGE biplot analysis was used to describe the interrelationships between genotypes and environments. The most adapted and stable genotypes were BRS 317 for grain yield and BRS 283 for oil yield. They also corresponded more closely to the ideotype for the specific region, thus proving to be promising. NT1478SP showed the highest protein content. In the 2018/2019 crop season, Montividiu was more discriminating for the conventional soybean production, regarding grain and oil yields.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585
Diego Alejandro Jurado-Rincón, L. J. Rincón-Rivera, Angela María Vargas-Berdugo, A. González-Almario
ABSTRACT Lettuce is the most cultivated leafy salad vegetable in Colombia, being the municipality of Madrid, in the Department of Cundinamarca, the second largest producer. In this region, lettuce plants with foliar symptoms characterized by brown necrotic spots forming an extended necrotic area, chlorosis, leaf distortion and plant stunting have been detected, possibly caused by a viral infection associated with the Orthotospovirus genus. This study aimed to identify the orthotospovirus species associated with those symptoms, contributing to updating the lettuce phytosanitary status in this region. The presence of orthotospovirus was confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), although the sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) gene confirmed the presence of Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus, disregarding the Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus previously reported for this crop, being this its first report in lettuce crops in Colombia.
{"title":"Partial sequencing of a putative Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus isolate detected on lettuce in Colombia","authors":"Diego Alejandro Jurado-Rincón, L. J. Rincón-Rivera, Angela María Vargas-Berdugo, A. González-Almario","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lettuce is the most cultivated leafy salad vegetable in Colombia, being the municipality of Madrid, in the Department of Cundinamarca, the second largest producer. In this region, lettuce plants with foliar symptoms characterized by brown necrotic spots forming an extended necrotic area, chlorosis, leaf distortion and plant stunting have been detected, possibly caused by a viral infection associated with the Orthotospovirus genus. This study aimed to identify the orthotospovirus species associated with those symptoms, contributing to updating the lettuce phytosanitary status in this region. The presence of orthotospovirus was confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), although the sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) gene confirmed the presence of Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus, disregarding the Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus previously reported for this crop, being this its first report in lettuce crops in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5168175
Adrielle Rodrigues Prates, P. G. U. Züge, S. Leonel, J. M. A. Souza, J. Ávila
ABSTRACT The artificial flowering induction in mango tree is the most important crop management in mango orchards and requires greater attention from growers. The management involves three steps: stoppage of plant growth, branch maturation and flowering induction with nitrates. The first stage starts with the application of paclobutrazol to the soil. However, problems with the use of excessive concentrations are common and lead to the accumulation of residues in the soil. In addition, the use of paclobutrazol is not allowed in organic agriculture. Therefore, this review article aimed to compile information about the updates and efforts to solve these problems in conventional mango crops, as well as identify alternatives for its organic management. In conventional orchards, the application of fulvic acids in association with paclobutrazol, as an alternative to the single use of paclobutrazol, was identified as a way to improve the absorption of the product by plants and, consequently, reduce the concentrations and residues in the soil. Researches involving pruning, girdling, fertilization and irrigation should be developed as an alternative to the use of paclobutrazol for the organic crop system of mango cultivars in tropical and subtropical regions.
{"title":"Flowering induction in mango tree: updates, perspectives and options for organic agriculture","authors":"Adrielle Rodrigues Prates, P. G. U. Züge, S. Leonel, J. M. A. Souza, J. Ávila","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5168175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The artificial flowering induction in mango tree is the most important crop management in mango orchards and requires greater attention from growers. The management involves three steps: stoppage of plant growth, branch maturation and flowering induction with nitrates. The first stage starts with the application of paclobutrazol to the soil. However, problems with the use of excessive concentrations are common and lead to the accumulation of residues in the soil. In addition, the use of paclobutrazol is not allowed in organic agriculture. Therefore, this review article aimed to compile information about the updates and efforts to solve these problems in conventional mango crops, as well as identify alternatives for its organic management. In conventional orchards, the application of fulvic acids in association with paclobutrazol, as an alternative to the single use of paclobutrazol, was identified as a way to improve the absorption of the product by plants and, consequently, reduce the concentrations and residues in the soil. Researches involving pruning, girdling, fertilization and irrigation should be developed as an alternative to the use of paclobutrazol for the organic crop system of mango cultivars in tropical and subtropical regions.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021V5167814
A. P. Oliveira, A. A. Santos, P. Fontes, M. Carnelossi, J. Fagundes, Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Junior
ABSTRACT High temperatures may affect the development and yield of the sweet potato crop. Technologies such as particle films can mitigate their effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium oxide (CaO) particle film on sweet potato remobilization and accumulation of photoassimilates, as well as its impact on the crop yield. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates per treatment: control, 5, 10 and 15 % of CaO. In general, there was an increase for root volume; average weight per root; dry and fresh weight of roots, branches and leaves; and growth rates at 10 % of CaO. The highest yield and number of marketable roots were observed at 10 and 15 % of CaO. The use of 10 % of CaO caused an increase in the remobilization of photoassimilates and, consequently, an increase in the sweet potato yield.
{"title":"Calcium particle film improves sweet potato growth and partitioning","authors":"A. P. Oliveira, A. A. Santos, P. Fontes, M. Carnelossi, J. Fagundes, Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Junior","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021V5167814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021V5167814","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High temperatures may affect the development and yield of the sweet potato crop. Technologies such as particle films can mitigate their effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium oxide (CaO) particle film on sweet potato remobilization and accumulation of photoassimilates, as well as its impact on the crop yield. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates per treatment: control, 5, 10 and 15 % of CaO. In general, there was an increase for root volume; average weight per root; dry and fresh weight of roots, branches and leaves; and growth rates at 10 % of CaO. The highest yield and number of marketable roots were observed at 10 and 15 % of CaO. The use of 10 % of CaO caused an increase in the remobilization of photoassimilates and, consequently, an increase in the sweet potato yield.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49403044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5168137
Ricardo Turchetto, L. Trombetta, Genesio Mário da Rosa, Gabriel Baraldi Volpi, Sinara Barros
ABSTRACT The sowing time is of fundamental importance for achieving high yields in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, reducing risks and losses and maximizing the crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the sowing time on morphological (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and head diameter) and production (1,000-achene weight and total yield) traits. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, using a randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 bi-factorial scheme, with three sowing times (October 20, November 19 and December 22) and two hybrids (BRS 321 and BRS 323). A negative interference from the environment and sowing time was observed for all the analyzed variables. The third sowing time (December 22), in both crop seasons, resulted in a drastic reduction in the morphological and production traits of the cultivars, with a 50 % reduction in the yield of achenes.
{"title":"Production components of sunflower cultivars at different sowing times","authors":"Ricardo Turchetto, L. Trombetta, Genesio Mário da Rosa, Gabriel Baraldi Volpi, Sinara Barros","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5168137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sowing time is of fundamental importance for achieving high yields in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, reducing risks and losses and maximizing the crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the sowing time on morphological (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and head diameter) and production (1,000-achene weight and total yield) traits. The experiment was conducted in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, using a randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 bi-factorial scheme, with three sowing times (October 20, November 19 and December 22) and two hybrids (BRS 321 and BRS 323). A negative interference from the environment and sowing time was observed for all the analyzed variables. The third sowing time (December 22), in both crop seasons, resulted in a drastic reduction in the morphological and production traits of the cultivars, with a 50 % reduction in the yield of achenes.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632021v5167292
Rodrigo Soares de Castro, Ariany Rosa Gonçalves, R. S. Braga-Ferreira, M. Telles, L. Chaves
ABSTRACT Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), popularly known as jatobá-do-cerrado, is a fruit tree widely distributed in the Brazilian Savanna, has multiple uses and is a promising genetic resource. This study aimed to physically characterize fruits and seeds of H. stigonocarpa, as well as to estimate the phenotypic variability at three hierarchical levels: populations, mother trees within populations, and fruits/seeds within mother trees. Fruits from six mother trees were sampled from each of the 25 natural populations found in the Brazilian Savanna. The morphometric characterization of 742 fruits was carried out by evaluating 10 quantitative traits in fruits and seeds. In addition, comparative analyses were performed between the average values of H. stigonocarpa and the botanical variety H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata. Significant phenotypic variations were noticed at all hierarchical levels. A high phenotypic differentiation among the populations was observed for quantitative traits (fruit mass and size, pulp mass and seed mass), being higher when H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata was included in the analysis.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:膜虫(Hymenaea stigonocarpa);Ex Hayne)，俗称jatobá-do-cerrado，是一种广泛分布在巴西热带稀树草原的果树，具有多种用途，是一种很有前途的遗传资源。摘要本研究旨在对石杉果实和种子进行物理表征，并在种群、种群内母树和母树内果实/种子三个层次上估计其表型变异。从巴西热带稀树大草原上发现的25个自然种群中分别取样了6棵母树的果实。通过评价果实和种子的10个数量性状，对742个果实进行了形态计量学鉴定。此外，还比较分析了短叶木香(H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata)与木香的平均值。在所有等级水平上都注意到显著的表型变异。在数量性状(果实质量和大小、果肉质量和种子质量)上，居群间表现出较高的表型分化，其中包括短叶柄镰刀蒿(H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata)。
{"title":"Phenotypic variability of fruits and seeds in natural populations of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne)","authors":"Rodrigo Soares de Castro, Ariany Rosa Gonçalves, R. S. Braga-Ferreira, M. Telles, L. Chaves","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632021v5167292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5167292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart. Ex Hayne), popularly known as jatobá-do-cerrado, is a fruit tree widely distributed in the Brazilian Savanna, has multiple uses and is a promising genetic resource. This study aimed to physically characterize fruits and seeds of H. stigonocarpa, as well as to estimate the phenotypic variability at three hierarchical levels: populations, mother trees within populations, and fruits/seeds within mother trees. Fruits from six mother trees were sampled from each of the 25 natural populations found in the Brazilian Savanna. The morphometric characterization of 742 fruits was carried out by evaluating 10 quantitative traits in fruits and seeds. In addition, comparative analyses were performed between the average values of H. stigonocarpa and the botanical variety H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata. Significant phenotypic variations were noticed at all hierarchical levels. A high phenotypic differentiation among the populations was observed for quantitative traits (fruit mass and size, pulp mass and seed mass), being higher when H. stigonocarpa var. brevipetiolata was included in the analysis.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43771574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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