Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5270515
E. H. C. Silva, W. Candido, L. D. S. Santos
ABSTRACT Few genetic resistance sources to root-knot nematodes are known for cotton, and there are no cultivars combining both resistance and good agronomic attributes in Brazil. Techniques that allow an efficient selection of promising sources of genetic resistance are needed. This study aimed to identify cotton genotypes resistant to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 via REML/Blup. The experiment was completely randomized, with 32 genotypes and seven replicates, in a protected environment. The statistical model 83 was used. The root weight, final population, reproduction factor and reproduction index were estimated. The final population and reproduction index presented the highest values for genotypic variance and genetic variation coefficients, indicating a favorable situation for the selection of cotton genotypes resistant to the nematode. The mean heritability (h2mg) of the genotype was higher than 85 % for the final population, reproduction factor and reproduction index, opening a possibility of selection success based on genotype means. The genotypes CS8601, SA2572, Coodetec 404 and BJ 3128 are promising for crosses aiming the selection of genotypes resistant to the nematode.
{"title":"Identifying cotton genotypes resistant to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 using Blup","authors":"E. H. C. Silva, W. Candido, L. D. S. Santos","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5270515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5270515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Few genetic resistance sources to root-knot nematodes are known for cotton, and there are no cultivars combining both resistance and good agronomic attributes in Brazil. Techniques that allow an efficient selection of promising sources of genetic resistance are needed. This study aimed to identify cotton genotypes resistant to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 via REML/Blup. The experiment was completely randomized, with 32 genotypes and seven replicates, in a protected environment. The statistical model 83 was used. The root weight, final population, reproduction factor and reproduction index were estimated. The final population and reproduction index presented the highest values for genotypic variance and genetic variation coefficients, indicating a favorable situation for the selection of cotton genotypes resistant to the nematode. The mean heritability (h2mg) of the genotype was higher than 85 % for the final population, reproduction factor and reproduction index, opening a possibility of selection success based on genotype means. The genotypes CS8601, SA2572, Coodetec 404 and BJ 3128 are promising for crosses aiming the selection of genotypes resistant to the nematode.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272452
Vanderley José Pereira, D. G. Santana, A. N. Salomão, A. P. Wielewicki, Glaucia Bortoluzzi Maag
ABSTRACT For the commercialization of forest seeds, it is necessary to validate methods for germination tests. This review aimed to highlight the history of validation methods for germination tests of forest seeds based on reference research, classic and recent, as well as on researchers reports. These tests began in 1928, but only in 1954 methods were included in the official European rules of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) chose to adopt the methods by ISTA since the first edition of its rules, in 1967. Thus, the Brazilian official rules began to describe forest species with methods validated by international associations. The “Seeds Law” changed the scenario by demanding that analyzes be carried out using methods made official by the MAPA, and not just by mirroring the ISTA rules or bibliographic consultation. Based on this law, the first validation record for a species was made by the MAPA in 2013. The first records to make forest species methods official occurred in 2010 (10 species), 2011 (15 species) and 2013 (25 species). It is worth mentioning that the validation is a continuous and dynamic procedure, with no risk of stagnating the scientific research, since it does not exclude the possibility of incorporating new methods besides the validated ones.
{"title":"From crop seeds to Brazilian forest seeds: history of validation methods for germination tests","authors":"Vanderley José Pereira, D. G. Santana, A. N. Salomão, A. P. Wielewicki, Glaucia Bortoluzzi Maag","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272452","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For the commercialization of forest seeds, it is necessary to validate methods for germination tests. This review aimed to highlight the history of validation methods for germination tests of forest seeds based on reference research, classic and recent, as well as on researchers reports. These tests began in 1928, but only in 1954 methods were included in the official European rules of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) chose to adopt the methods by ISTA since the first edition of its rules, in 1967. Thus, the Brazilian official rules began to describe forest species with methods validated by international associations. The “Seeds Law” changed the scenario by demanding that analyzes be carried out using methods made official by the MAPA, and not just by mirroring the ISTA rules or bibliographic consultation. Based on this law, the first validation record for a species was made by the MAPA in 2013. The first records to make forest species methods official occurred in 2010 (10 species), 2011 (15 species) and 2013 (25 species). It is worth mentioning that the validation is a continuous and dynamic procedure, with no risk of stagnating the scientific research, since it does not exclude the possibility of incorporating new methods besides the validated ones.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272513
Esvanio Édipo da Silva Ferreira, Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento, Adeilson Nascimento da Silva, Keller Regina Soares, O. Weber
ABSTRACT The use of agroindustrial wastes, such as vinasse, may alter the soil chemical and physical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in a soil and the distribution of carbon and nitrogen in the sand and clay granulometric fractions, in three management systems (with and without vinasse application and with burning for harvest, in comparison with primary/native forest coverage), regarding fertilization and harvesting of sugarcane, in the Midwest region of Brazil. The use of organic wastes in the sugarcane production system may promote, even in a short time frame, conservation and improvement of the soil quality by the addition and maintenance of organic carbon. The use of vinasse favors the increase of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil, in the clay fraction, at all evaluated depths. The system with burning results in lower total carbon levels in the sand fraction, in comparison with the clay fraction, and, even with the sugarcane harvest employing burning, the most recalcitrant organic matter is associated with the clay fraction.
{"title":"Alteration of the organic matter fractions in soil cultivated with sugarcane in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone","authors":"Esvanio Édipo da Silva Ferreira, Elisamara Caldeira do Nascimento, Adeilson Nascimento da Silva, Keller Regina Soares, O. Weber","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of agroindustrial wastes, such as vinasse, may alter the soil chemical and physical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in a soil and the distribution of carbon and nitrogen in the sand and clay granulometric fractions, in three management systems (with and without vinasse application and with burning for harvest, in comparison with primary/native forest coverage), regarding fertilization and harvesting of sugarcane, in the Midwest region of Brazil. The use of organic wastes in the sugarcane production system may promote, even in a short time frame, conservation and improvement of the soil quality by the addition and maintenance of organic carbon. The use of vinasse favors the increase of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil, in the clay fraction, at all evaluated depths. The system with burning results in lower total carbon levels in the sand fraction, in comparison with the clay fraction, and, even with the sugarcane harvest employing burning, the most recalcitrant organic matter is associated with the clay fraction.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272966
E. M. D. Cunha Neto, Gabriel Mendes Santana, Emmanoella Costa Guaraná Araujo, H. F. Veras, Douglas Prado Marcos, Flaviana Friedrich, C. Sanquetta
ABSTRACT Ilex paraguariensis is an important non-timber forest product in southern Brazil, where it is cultivated in association with native species, given its demand for shading, which contributes to the conservation and carbon fixation in its biomass. However, determining this biomass is difficult, since the estimates do not guarantee additivity between the compartments and the total aboveground biomass. This study aimed to evaluate additive (seemingly unrelated regression - SUR) and non-additive (ordinary least squares - OLS) biomass models in an Ilex paraguariensis stand and comparing its carbon stock with other land use types, consolidating its potential in the face of climate change. A total of 30 trees were cut, compartmentalized and weighed on a digital scale, and four biomass models were adjusted. The carbon stocks were compared with values found in the literature. The bias in the SUR model was less than 2 %, except for the leaves, while the bias in the OLS model varied between 1 and 14 %. The error ranged between 23 and 49 % for SUR, and between 31 and 50 % for OLS. The models adjusted by SUR ensured the accuracy and additivity of the compartments. The Ilex paraguariensis stand stored more carbon than agriculture and pasture areas, removing more CO2, evidencing the sustainability of this system and favoring the climate stability.
{"title":"Carbon stock and biomass estimate by additive models applied to Ilex paraguariensis","authors":"E. M. D. Cunha Neto, Gabriel Mendes Santana, Emmanoella Costa Guaraná Araujo, H. F. Veras, Douglas Prado Marcos, Flaviana Friedrich, C. Sanquetta","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ilex paraguariensis is an important non-timber forest product in southern Brazil, where it is cultivated in association with native species, given its demand for shading, which contributes to the conservation and carbon fixation in its biomass. However, determining this biomass is difficult, since the estimates do not guarantee additivity between the compartments and the total aboveground biomass. This study aimed to evaluate additive (seemingly unrelated regression - SUR) and non-additive (ordinary least squares - OLS) biomass models in an Ilex paraguariensis stand and comparing its carbon stock with other land use types, consolidating its potential in the face of climate change. A total of 30 trees were cut, compartmentalized and weighed on a digital scale, and four biomass models were adjusted. The carbon stocks were compared with values found in the literature. The bias in the SUR model was less than 2 %, except for the leaves, while the bias in the OLS model varied between 1 and 14 %. The error ranged between 23 and 49 % for SUR, and between 31 and 50 % for OLS. The models adjusted by SUR ensured the accuracy and additivity of the compartments. The Ilex paraguariensis stand stored more carbon than agriculture and pasture areas, removing more CO2, evidencing the sustainability of this system and favoring the climate stability.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5271010
S. S. O. Oliveira Neto, A. R. Ramos, C. E. S. Oliveira, E. A. A. Silva, M. Zanotto
ABSTRACT The development of new castor bean genotypes with high grain yield and physiological seed quality is fundamental to the economic success of the crop. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and physiological quality of seeds of twelve castor bean lines, in order to determine superior genotypes. Plant height, insertion height and number of racemes, grain yield, oil content, germination percentage and vigor were evaluated. The dwarf castor bean lines H4, H5 and H11 were responsible for a grain yield above 1,400 kg ha-1 and are, therefore, promising for getting new hybrids. The indirect selection of dwarf castor bean lines can be performed through morphologic traits. The lines H4, H6, H9, H11 and H12 produced seeds with superior vigor and germinative quality.
{"title":"Genetic divergence and physiological quality of dwarf castor bean lines seeds","authors":"S. S. O. Oliveira Neto, A. R. Ramos, C. E. S. Oliveira, E. A. A. Silva, M. Zanotto","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5271010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5271010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of new castor bean genotypes with high grain yield and physiological seed quality is fundamental to the economic success of the crop. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and physiological quality of seeds of twelve castor bean lines, in order to determine superior genotypes. Plant height, insertion height and number of racemes, grain yield, oil content, germination percentage and vigor were evaluated. The dwarf castor bean lines H4, H5 and H11 were responsible for a grain yield above 1,400 kg ha-1 and are, therefore, promising for getting new hybrids. The indirect selection of dwarf castor bean lines can be performed through morphologic traits. The lines H4, H6, H9, H11 and H12 produced seeds with superior vigor and germinative quality.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67250937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272303
R. Solís, G. Vallejos-Torres, L. Arévalo, Benjamín Cáceres
ABSTRACT The inoculation of vegetatively propagated coffee plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) prior to field establishment may positively influence the plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the AMF effects on the glomalin-related soil protein and chlorophyll contents in vegetatively propagated coffee plants inoculated in a greenhouse and transplanted to an open field, in the Peruvian Amazon. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, in a 2 × 4 factorial design, being two coffee varieties (Caturra and Pache) and four AMF inocula (control, Moyobamba, El Dorado and Huallaga). The inocula were collected from organic coffee crops and named according to the province from which they were collected. The mycorrhizal colonization and chlorophyll content were statistically higher in the plants inoculated with AMF, if compared to the non-inoculated plants, while the glomalin-related soil protein content ranged from 61.6 to 69.1 mg g-1 and showed no statistically significant differences among the inocula, although the Moyobamba inoculum showed to be numerically superior. The effect of the coffee variety was not statistically significant among the variables under study.
{"title":"Mycorrhizal effects on glomalin-related soil protein and chlorophyll contents in coffee plants in the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"R. Solís, G. Vallejos-Torres, L. Arévalo, Benjamín Cáceres","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The inoculation of vegetatively propagated coffee plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) prior to field establishment may positively influence the plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the AMF effects on the glomalin-related soil protein and chlorophyll contents in vegetatively propagated coffee plants inoculated in a greenhouse and transplanted to an open field, in the Peruvian Amazon. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, in a 2 × 4 factorial design, being two coffee varieties (Caturra and Pache) and four AMF inocula (control, Moyobamba, El Dorado and Huallaga). The inocula were collected from organic coffee crops and named according to the province from which they were collected. The mycorrhizal colonization and chlorophyll content were statistically higher in the plants inoculated with AMF, if compared to the non-inoculated plants, while the glomalin-related soil protein content ranged from 61.6 to 69.1 mg g-1 and showed no statistically significant differences among the inocula, although the Moyobamba inoculum showed to be numerically superior. The effect of the coffee variety was not statistically significant among the variables under study.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272371
D. Signor, Thaiany Araújo Ferreira Medeiros, S. Moraes, L. Corrêa, M. Tomazi, M. Moura, M. Deon
ABSTRACT In the climate change scenario, studying greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and measures of mitigation in the Caatinga biome are strategic and may provide a basis for mitigation plans. This study aimed to evaluate the soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes, as well as determining an annual baseline for GHG emissions, in a reference site of silvopastoral production system in the Brazilian semiarid region, in order to provide subsidies for future studies on GHG emissions mitigation. The GHG fluxes were monitored over one year, in a buffel grass pasture and in grazed and native Caatinga areas, which are components of a long-term silvopastoral system. The CO2 fluxes ranged from -19.98 to 179.12 mg m-2 h-1 of CO2-C, CH4 fluxes from -76.21 to 113.87 µg m-2 h-1 of CH4-C, N2O fluxes from -1,043.12 to 471.37 µg m-2 h-1 of N2O-N and the soil moisture was the main factor limiting the GHG fluxes. The total emissions converted to CO2-equivalent in the anthropized areas were lower than in the native area (65 % for the buffel grass pasture and 741 % for the grazed Caatinga). Therefore, it is possible to afrm that the GHG soil emissions from grazed areas in the Caatinga biome are not as high as in the native Caatinga, what is an important indication of the environmental sustainability of the evaluated silvopastoral system.
{"title":"Soil greenhouse gases emissions in a goat production system in the Brazilian semiarid region","authors":"D. Signor, Thaiany Araújo Ferreira Medeiros, S. Moraes, L. Corrêa, M. Tomazi, M. Moura, M. Deon","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the climate change scenario, studying greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and measures of mitigation in the Caatinga biome are strategic and may provide a basis for mitigation plans. This study aimed to evaluate the soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes, as well as determining an annual baseline for GHG emissions, in a reference site of silvopastoral production system in the Brazilian semiarid region, in order to provide subsidies for future studies on GHG emissions mitigation. The GHG fluxes were monitored over one year, in a buffel grass pasture and in grazed and native Caatinga areas, which are components of a long-term silvopastoral system. The CO2 fluxes ranged from -19.98 to 179.12 mg m-2 h-1 of CO2-C, CH4 fluxes from -76.21 to 113.87 µg m-2 h-1 of CH4-C, N2O fluxes from -1,043.12 to 471.37 µg m-2 h-1 of N2O-N and the soil moisture was the main factor limiting the GHG fluxes. The total emissions converted to CO2-equivalent in the anthropized areas were lower than in the native area (65 % for the buffel grass pasture and 741 % for the grazed Caatinga). Therefore, it is possible to afrm that the GHG soil emissions from grazed areas in the Caatinga biome are not as high as in the native Caatinga, what is an important indication of the environmental sustainability of the evaluated silvopastoral system.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272376
Luise Lottici Krahl, G. Marchi, S. Paz, R. Angélica, J. C. Sousa-Silva, L. Valadares, É. Martins
ABSTRACT The weathering of some silicate minerals in crushed rocks may occur in a few days of cropping and generate different physicochemical properties, with potential benefits to tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the infuence of maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere on the weathering products and on the cation exchange capacity of Mg-biotite from biotite schist and Fe-biotite from biotite syenite. An experiment was carried out in pots, so that plants and crushed rock materials could be evaluated during seven successive growth cycles. The nutrients iron and potassium were taken up from biotite schist and biotite syenite during cropping. The weathering of both biotites promoted by the rhizosphere caused mineralogical changes. The most expressive change in the X-ray diffraction patterns occurred in the < 53 µm particle size fraction; however, the 53-300 µm fractions also changed. The alteration in the Mg-biotite, which has a lower Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites than the Fe-biotite, was responsible for the most expressive cation exchange capacity increase in the fractions < 300 µm. However, the Fe-biotite weathering process, which presents a higher Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites, did not increase the cation exchange capacity.
{"title":"Increase in cation exchange capacity by the action of maize rhizosphere on Mg or Fe biotite-rich rocks","authors":"Luise Lottici Krahl, G. Marchi, S. Paz, R. Angélica, J. C. Sousa-Silva, L. Valadares, É. Martins","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5272376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5272376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The weathering of some silicate minerals in crushed rocks may occur in a few days of cropping and generate different physicochemical properties, with potential benefits to tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the infuence of maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere on the weathering products and on the cation exchange capacity of Mg-biotite from biotite schist and Fe-biotite from biotite syenite. An experiment was carried out in pots, so that plants and crushed rock materials could be evaluated during seven successive growth cycles. The nutrients iron and potassium were taken up from biotite schist and biotite syenite during cropping. The weathering of both biotites promoted by the rhizosphere caused mineralogical changes. The most expressive change in the X-ray diffraction patterns occurred in the < 53 µm particle size fraction; however, the 53-300 µm fractions also changed. The alteration in the Mg-biotite, which has a lower Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites than the Fe-biotite, was responsible for the most expressive cation exchange capacity increase in the fractions < 300 µm. However, the Fe-biotite weathering process, which presents a higher Fe/Mg relation in octahedral sites, did not increase the cation exchange capacity.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5271344
M. R. Palacio, D. G. C. Salinas, J. Castillo, Stanislav Magnitskiy, Mario Augusto García Dávila
ABSTRACT The status of mineral nutrients in the banana crop is commonly determined by foliar and soil analyses, which often do not present a significant relation with its production performance. This study aimed to evaluate whether the root sap analysis determines the nutritional status of plants more accurately in response to fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with three treatments (complete fertilization, traditional fertilization and no fertilization), three replicates and four plants per replicate. The contents of macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) were analyzed in the root sap, leaves and soil at the base of the plant. Potassium was the macronutrient found in the highest quantity in the root sap of the fertilized and unfertilized plants, while the predominant micronutrients were Mn in the fertilized plants and Fe in the unfertilized ones. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the root sap were significantly lower for no fertilization than for complete and traditional fertilization, but did not show significant diferences between the foliar and soil analyses. The root sap analysis was more sensitive than leaf analysis to diagnose the nutritional status of the banana plants.
{"title":"Nutritional diagnosis of banana (Musa AAA Simmonds subgroup Cavendish) with root sap analysis1","authors":"M. R. Palacio, D. G. C. Salinas, J. Castillo, Stanislav Magnitskiy, Mario Augusto García Dávila","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5271344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5271344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The status of mineral nutrients in the banana crop is commonly determined by foliar and soil analyses, which often do not present a significant relation with its production performance. This study aimed to evaluate whether the root sap analysis determines the nutritional status of plants more accurately in response to fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with three treatments (complete fertilization, traditional fertilization and no fertilization), three replicates and four plants per replicate. The contents of macro (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (B, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) were analyzed in the root sap, leaves and soil at the base of the plant. Potassium was the macronutrient found in the highest quantity in the root sap of the fertilized and unfertilized plants, while the predominant micronutrients were Mn in the fertilized plants and Fe in the unfertilized ones. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the root sap were significantly lower for no fertilization than for complete and traditional fertilization, but did not show significant diferences between the foliar and soil analyses. The root sap analysis was more sensitive than leaf analysis to diagnose the nutritional status of the banana plants.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5271631
M. R. Nascimento, R. Daher, P. Santos, A. G. D. Souza
ABSTRACT Selecting the best genotypes is difficult, due to the genotype × environment interaction effect. When this interaction is present, the study of adaptability and stability can provide the selection of the best genotypes. Thus, the selected genotypes should associate high yield, adaptability to diferent environmental conditions, as well as production stability. This study aimed to evaluate and select black and purple bean precultivars based on adaptability, stability and grain yield. The parameters were estimated via mixed models and the selection using the Harmonic Mean of the Relative Performance of Predicted Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method. The environments infuenced the phenotypic expression of the black and purple bean genotypes, characterizing a specific adaptability. The black bean genotypes BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 and CNFP 16459 and the purple bean inbred lines CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 and CNFRx 16353 showed the best performance, when considering, simultaneously, grain yield, adaptability and stability. The HMRPGV method provided an optimized selection of genotypes with high grain yield, predictability and responsiveness to environmental improvements, and should be used as a selection strategy for common bean genotypes for commercial growing.
{"title":"Adaptability and stability of black and purple bean genotypes","authors":"M. R. Nascimento, R. Daher, P. Santos, A. G. D. Souza","doi":"10.1590/1983-40632022v5271631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632022v5271631","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Selecting the best genotypes is difficult, due to the genotype × environment interaction effect. When this interaction is present, the study of adaptability and stability can provide the selection of the best genotypes. Thus, the selected genotypes should associate high yield, adaptability to diferent environmental conditions, as well as production stability. This study aimed to evaluate and select black and purple bean precultivars based on adaptability, stability and grain yield. The parameters were estimated via mixed models and the selection using the Harmonic Mean of the Relative Performance of Predicted Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method. The environments infuenced the phenotypic expression of the black and purple bean genotypes, characterizing a specific adaptability. The black bean genotypes BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 and CNFP 16459 and the purple bean inbred lines CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 and CNFRx 16353 showed the best performance, when considering, simultaneously, grain yield, adaptability and stability. The HMRPGV method provided an optimized selection of genotypes with high grain yield, predictability and responsiveness to environmental improvements, and should be used as a selection strategy for common bean genotypes for commercial growing.","PeriodicalId":46867,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67251348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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