Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.22459/HER.24.01.2018.02
Federico Davila
This study was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
这项研究得到了澳大利亚政府研究培训项目奖学金的支持。
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Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.06
M. Lytle
Those who honored Rachel Carson after her death in 1964 knew how hard she had struggled to warn against human abuse of the Earth. In memory of her heroic efforts and her inspiring prose, they initiated a process that one scholar compared to a “secular canonization,” inspired by a vision of “Saint Rachel of the Silent Spring” (Howarth, 2005, p. 42). That view did not go long unchallenged. A range of conservatives associated Carson with the two ‘isms’ of the 1960s that galled them most: feminism and environmentalism. They seemed unaware that Carson resisted efforts to link her to the feminists, preferring to stress her reputation as a writer and scientist. All the same, she was unabashedly proud of her contributions to the popularity of environmentalism and the science of ecology.2
{"title":"Rachel Carson: Saint or Sinner?","authors":"M. Lytle","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.06","url":null,"abstract":"Those who honored Rachel Carson after her death in 1964 knew how hard she had struggled to warn against human abuse of the Earth. In memory of her heroic efforts and her inspiring prose, they initiated a process that one scholar compared to a “secular canonization,” inspired by a vision of “Saint Rachel of the Silent Spring” (Howarth, 2005, p. 42). That view did not go long unchallenged. A range of conservatives associated Carson with the two ‘isms’ of the 1960s that galled them most: feminism and environmentalism. They seemed unaware that Carson resisted efforts to link her to the feminists, preferring to stress her reputation as a writer and scientist. All the same, she was unabashedly proud of her contributions to the popularity of environmentalism and the science of ecology.2","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.13
P. Stewart
The word “meaning” is commonly thought of as referring in its strict sense only to language; expressions like “the meaning of a certain smile” or, still more, “the meaning of your life” are regarded as metaphor. However, linguistic meaning is only a special case; more generally, meaning can be defined as the association in a nervous system of certain patterns (signs) with others that they call up (referents). However, this definition seems to cover the whole of mental life, for the whole content of our minds is made up of the association of patterns. More precision is needed.
{"title":"Meaning in Human Ecology","authors":"P. Stewart","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"The word “meaning” is commonly thought of as referring in its strict sense only to language; expressions like “the meaning of a certain smile” or, still more, “the meaning of your life” are regarded as metaphor. However, linguistic meaning is only a special case; more generally, meaning can be defined as the association in a nervous system of certain patterns (signs) with others that they call up (referents). However, this definition seems to cover the whole of mental life, for the whole content of our minds is made up of the association of patterns. More precision is needed.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.08
F. Steiner
Ian McHarg opened a new way for us to see the world. His approach for interpreting the play between natural and cultural systems has become the dominant visualization technology of our time, just as Bruneleschi’s experiments with linear perspective dominated architectural visualization for 700 years. Ian McHarg provided a roadmap for applying ecological information to how we interpret, plan, and shape our surroundings. This became his quest, his principal contribution. In this commentary, I will summarize McHarg’s life, then illustrate how his ideas remain timely.
{"title":"Healing the Earth: The Relevance of Ian McHarg’s Work for the Future","authors":"F. Steiner","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.08","url":null,"abstract":"Ian McHarg opened a new way for us to see the world. His approach for interpreting the play between natural and cultural systems has become the dominant visualization technology of our time, just as Bruneleschi’s experiments with linear perspective dominated architectural visualization for 700 years. Ian McHarg provided a roadmap for applying ecological information to how we interpret, plan, and shape our surroundings. This became his quest, his principal contribution. In this commentary, I will summarize McHarg’s life, then illustrate how his ideas remain timely.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.07
C. L. Moberg
{"title":"René Dubos: Wooing the Earth, from Soil Microbes to Human Ecology","authors":"C. L. Moberg","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.09
R. Borden
{"title":"Gregory Bateson’s Search for “Patterns Which Connect” Ecology and Mind","authors":"R. Borden","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.10
R. Borden
Garrett Hardin alarmed the fledgling environmental movement with a cautionary tale, published in 1968 in Science magazine, about “the tragedy of the commons.” The essay made the stark claim that environmental problems were the collective consequence of human action—rooted in unrestrained individual self-interest. For Hardin, the most daunting example of environmental destruction was population growth. This theme remained a central feature of his lifelong concerns about ecosystem carrying capacity, human overpopulation, reproductive rights, and “lifeboat ethics.” His controversial ideas about overexploitation of common resources opened the door to a growing awareness that many environmental problems are problems of human beliefs and behavior. They were also a major impetus for the development of alternative models of sustainable development, consensual decisionmaking, and common property resource management.
{"title":"Introduction to Garrett Hardin’s “Human Ecology: The Subversive, Conservative Science”","authors":"R. Borden","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"Garrett Hardin alarmed the fledgling environmental movement with a cautionary tale, published in 1968 in Science magazine, about “the tragedy of the commons.” The essay made the stark claim that environmental problems were the collective consequence of human action—rooted in unrestrained individual self-interest. For Hardin, the most daunting example of environmental destruction was population growth. This theme remained a central feature of his lifelong concerns about ecosystem carrying capacity, human overpopulation, reproductive rights, and “lifeboat ethics.” His controversial ideas about overexploitation of common resources opened the door to a growing awareness that many environmental problems are problems of human beliefs and behavior. They were also a major impetus for the development of alternative models of sustainable development, consensual decisionmaking, and common property resource management.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48529042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.01
R. Borden
Ecology, as an interdisciplinary science, has always wrestled with topics of complexity and comprehensiveness. However, some of the most challenging issues have occurred at the intersection of natural and human ecology. For some, ecology should focus on the scientific study of nature; for others, humans are an inescapable part of the living world and the domain of ecology must include them. These concerns date to before the founding of the Ecological Society of America (ESA); indeed, they were a significant aspect of ecology from the outset.
{"title":"A Century of Human Ecology: Recollections and Tributes—On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Ecological Society of America","authors":"R. Borden","doi":"10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.01","url":null,"abstract":"Ecology, as an interdisciplinary science, has always wrestled with topics of complexity and comprehensiveness. However, some of the most challenging issues have occurred at the intersection of natural and human ecology. For some, ecology should focus on the scientific study of nature; for others, humans are an inescapable part of the living world and the domain of ecology must include them. These concerns date to before the founding of the Ecological Society of America (ESA); indeed, they were a significant aspect of ecology from the outset.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42252005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.22459/HER.23.02.2017.05
A. Covich
Having recently celebrated the Centennial of the Ecological Society of America (ESA), it is timely to look back into history as well as to the future regarding how ecologists can effectively inform other scientists, decision-makers, and their own communities about the need for objective ecological information. ESA’s focus on Earth Stewardship extends ecological thinking to further define environmental sustainability (Chapin et al., 2015) and facilitates ecologists’ continuing contribution to clarifying the fundamental ecological principles underpinning environmental literacy (e.g., Berkowitz et al., 2005; Golley, 1991, 1998). These principles developed over the last 100 years, with the many contributors emphasizing the importance of people being part of natural ecosystems. As the impact of humanity on the functions of our complex adaptive ecosystems is an ongoing and increasing problem today, both the early and current ideas of ecology remain important. Ecologists also continue to create new approaches for resolving these complex problems to avoid unexpected and unwanted consequences (Levin, 1999; Taylor, 2005).
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