Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.01
Wahyu Diansyah, A. Abas, Zaini Sakawi
The failure of centralized forest management at conserving forests and their biodiversity has made a decentralized forest management approach such as community forest management (CFM) preferable in many parts of the world. In Southeast Asia, however, CFM is relatively new. The aim of this systematic review is to examine current studies of CFM in Southeast Asia pertaining to the impacts on biodiversity conservation and livelihood quality of local communities. The data for this research were taken from citation and scientific literature databases within the 2000–2020 timeframe. Results indicate that research studies on CFM and its impacts are increasing in Southeast Asia in terms of numbers, yet there is a lack of a common terminology throughout the region. This study suggests that knowledge exchange is made possible through CFM, which will empower local communities and increase their awareness of conservation values compatible with their traditional knowledge and their subsistence needs.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Community Forest Management in Southeast Asia: Current Practices and Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Quality of Local Communities","authors":"Wahyu Diansyah, A. Abas, Zaini Sakawi","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"The failure of centralized forest management at conserving forests and their biodiversity has made a decentralized forest management approach such as community forest management (CFM) preferable in many parts of the world. In Southeast Asia, however, CFM is relatively new. The aim of this systematic review is to examine current studies of CFM in Southeast Asia pertaining to the impacts on biodiversity conservation and livelihood quality of local communities. The data for this research were taken from citation and scientific literature databases within the 2000–2020 timeframe. Results indicate that research studies on CFM and its impacts are increasing in Southeast Asia in terms of numbers, yet there is a lack of a common terminology throughout the region. This study suggests that knowledge exchange is made possible through CFM, which will empower local communities and increase their awareness of conservation values compatible with their traditional knowledge and their subsistence needs.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43962314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.02
J. A. Flagg, T. Rudel
Large-scale commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been difficult to achieve, in part because we do not understand the social conditions that encourage mitigation. An analysis of variations across countries’ emissions reduction plans, submitted for the United Nations’ 2015 Paris conference, provides a way to identify the conditions that make societies more likely to commit to emissions reductions. A metric created from a country’s pledged emissions reductions and its baseline year for calculating emissions makes it possible to compare ambition across countries. Possible explanations for cross-national differences in ambition come from different approaches in environmental social science. Societies with ecologically modernized technologies, without fossil fuel–dependent treadmills of production, with mobilized citizens, and with effective governance adopted more ambitious mitigation plans. Given their importance in shaping the 2015 emissions reduction plans, these same social forces could play important roles in the future acceleration of emissions reduction commitments.
{"title":"Uneven Ambitions: Explaining National Differences in Proposed Emissions Reductions","authors":"J. A. Flagg, T. Rudel","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been difficult to achieve, in part because we do not understand the social conditions that encourage mitigation. An analysis of variations across countries’ emissions reduction plans, submitted for the United Nations’ 2015 Paris conference, provides a way to identify the conditions that make societies more likely to commit to emissions reductions. A metric created from a country’s pledged emissions reductions and its baseline year for calculating emissions makes it possible to compare ambition across countries. Possible explanations for cross-national differences in ambition come from different approaches in environmental social science. Societies with ecologically modernized technologies, without fossil fuel–dependent treadmills of production, with mobilized citizens, and with effective governance adopted more ambitious mitigation plans. Given their importance in shaping the 2015 emissions reduction plans, these same social forces could play important roles in the future acceleration of emissions reduction commitments.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.03
Andrew Hargrove, J. Sommer, John M. Shandra
Many nations are investing heavily in renewable energy sources to support their development. However, there is debate among researchers concerning whether renewable energy leads to reductions in CO 2 emissions. Renewable energy sources should reduce CO 2 emissions, yet some researchers have observed a “displacement paradox,” in which renewables are used alongside fossil fuel energy instead of displacing it, and therefore CO 2 emissions are not substantially reduced. We argue that corruption may be partially responsible for the displacement paradox. We use two-way fixed effects regression from 1990 to 2015 to test how executive and public sector corruption moderates the effect of renewable energy consumption on CO 2 emissions per capita for 160 nations. We find support for our hypothesis, as the interaction terms reveal that corruption slows the beneficial effect of renewable energy consumption on CO 2 emissions. When nations control corruption within their borders, the positive impact of renewable energy is more than doubled.
{"title":"Corrupting Renewable Energy: A Cross-National Analysis of CO2 Emissions","authors":"Andrew Hargrove, J. Sommer, John M. Shandra","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Many nations are investing heavily in renewable energy sources to support their development. However, there is debate among researchers concerning whether renewable energy leads to reductions in CO 2 emissions. Renewable energy sources should reduce CO 2 emissions, yet some researchers have observed a “displacement paradox,” in which renewables are used alongside fossil fuel energy instead of displacing it, and therefore CO 2 emissions are not substantially reduced. We argue that corruption may be partially responsible for the displacement paradox. We use two-way fixed effects regression from 1990 to 2015 to test how executive and public sector corruption moderates the effect of renewable energy consumption on CO 2 emissions per capita for 160 nations. We find support for our hypothesis, as the interaction terms reveal that corruption slows the beneficial effect of renewable energy consumption on CO 2 emissions. When nations control corruption within their borders, the positive impact of renewable energy is more than doubled.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.07
Chukwu Romanus Nwoma, Onyekachi Eni
This study examines the representation of Zimbabwe’s environmental history, with a focus on the tragic interface between environmental crisis and human migration, in Shimmer Chinodya’s novel Dew in the Morning . The paper reveals the interconnectedness between literature and the environment. It demonstrates the creative reflection on Zimbabwe’s environmental crisis, the burden on land, and human displacement. Migrant ecocriticism as the theoretical framework of the study aids in interrogating the intersection and mainstreaming of environmental crisis and social displacement in the novel. The discovery is that rising human population, adverse technological forces, and unbridled economic considerations accelerate the degradation of the environment and result in ecological disturbances which induce human migration. The novel’s characters are circumscribed in a web woven by their actions and inactions as their depressing circumstances reflect the degree to which they exploit the environment. These contending realities provoke environmental crises and social tensions which precipitate human migration.
{"title":"Zimbabwe in Creative Imagination: Environmental Crisis and Human Migration as National Tragedies in Shimmer Chinodya’s Dew in the Morning","authors":"Chukwu Romanus Nwoma, Onyekachi Eni","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the representation of Zimbabwe’s environmental history, with a focus on the tragic interface between environmental crisis and human migration, in Shimmer Chinodya’s novel Dew in the Morning . The paper reveals the interconnectedness between literature and the environment. It demonstrates the creative reflection on Zimbabwe’s environmental crisis, the burden on land, and human displacement. Migrant ecocriticism as the theoretical framework of the study aids in interrogating the intersection and mainstreaming of environmental crisis and social displacement in the novel. The discovery is that rising human population, adverse technological forces, and unbridled economic considerations accelerate the degradation of the environment and result in ecological disturbances which induce human migration. The novel’s characters are circumscribed in a web woven by their actions and inactions as their depressing circumstances reflect the degree to which they exploit the environment. These contending realities provoke environmental crises and social tensions which precipitate human migration.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42650786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.04
Amanda Hooykaas
The experience of being “at home” is not a static entity with clear boundaries, but rather involves dynamic connections, including inside and outside and private and public. The essential characteristics or attributes of home include the act of dwelling and engaging within a space, a sense of belonging and empowerment, and a space of residence. Gardens place individuals within their own stories and bring them home: From reminding them of distant childhoods, to the selfless stewarding of public spaces, there is an intrinsic connection between people and their public gardens. Additionally, public gardens offer some re-creation of homelands—familiar sensory experiences link individuals to other times, which comfort them and ground them in this home, thereby fostering a sense of place. An investigation of the role played by volunteers in Canadian public gardens uncovers insights into the importance of place attachment, belonging, and home.
{"title":"Finding Home in a Canadian Public Garden","authors":"Amanda Hooykaas","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of being “at home” is not a static entity with clear boundaries, but rather involves dynamic connections, including inside and outside and private and public. The essential characteristics or attributes of home include the act of dwelling and engaging within a space, a sense of belonging and empowerment, and a space of residence. Gardens place individuals within their own stories and bring them home: From reminding them of distant childhoods, to the selfless stewarding of public spaces, there is an intrinsic connection between people and their public gardens. Additionally, public gardens offer some re-creation of homelands—familiar sensory experiences link individuals to other times, which comfort them and ground them in this home, thereby fostering a sense of place. An investigation of the role played by volunteers in Canadian public gardens uncovers insights into the importance of place attachment, belonging, and home.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45143495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22459/her.27.01.2021.08
Yulia Indrawati Sari, E. Rahman
This paper aims to examine the impact of improved road infrastructure on the livelihoods of indigenous Papuans in Indonesia. Using field-based investigations in two Trans-Papua road corridors in two provinces, and interviews with 110 informants, the findings show that while roads provide greater access for indigenous Papuans to local markets and to basic health and education services, they also increase access to consumable goods, increasing economic inequality and tensions between indigenous and migrant groups. The findings also confirm negative environmental impacts of these Trans-Papua roads, due to a rise in consumption of natural resources. The study suggests that the government needs to reconsider the focus of its infrastructure development strategies in Papua, from accelerating economic growth (“commodities”) to improving the livelihood and access of indigenous Papuans to basic services (“communities”).
{"title":"Roads for Communities, Not Commodities: A Qualitative Study of the Consequences of Road Development in Papua, Indonesia","authors":"Yulia Indrawati Sari, E. Rahman","doi":"10.22459/her.27.01.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.27.01.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to examine the impact of improved road infrastructure on the livelihoods of indigenous Papuans in Indonesia. Using field-based investigations in two Trans-Papua road corridors in two provinces, and interviews with 110 informants, the findings show that while roads provide greater access for indigenous Papuans to local markets and to basic health and education services, they also increase access to consumable goods, increasing economic inequality and tensions between indigenous and migrant groups. The findings also confirm negative environmental impacts of these Trans-Papua roads, due to a rise in consumption of natural resources. The study suggests that the government needs to reconsider the focus of its infrastructure development strategies in Papua, from accelerating economic growth (“commodities”) to improving the livelihood and access of indigenous Papuans to basic services (“communities”).","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.22459/her.26.02.2020.04
Marina Ribeiro Corrêa, L. Xavier, Eike Holzkämper, M. Andrade, A. Turra, M. Glaser
Beaches provide a range of ecosystem services (ES). They are increasingly impacted by climate change, among other stressors. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an approach to cope with a changing environment and ensure long-term ES provision. Local managers may facilitate beach EBM implementation by integrating it into existing governance systems. However, their role in EBM implementation needs clarifying. This paper assesses local government beach managers’ perceptions and visions of improvement of the beach ES governance network to face a changing environment. We present a structural analysis of data from the northern coast 1 Corresponding author: marina.ribeiro.correa@usp.br. Human Ecology Review, Volume 26, Number 2, 2020 60 of São Paulo state (Brazil) and discuss opportunities and challenges for a regional EBM implementation. Our results point to the local beach managers as potential leaders of transformations towards sustainability.
{"title":"Shifting Shores and Shoring Shifts—How Can Beach Managers Lead Transformative Change? A Study on Challenges and Opportunities for Ecosystem-Based Management","authors":"Marina Ribeiro Corrêa, L. Xavier, Eike Holzkämper, M. Andrade, A. Turra, M. Glaser","doi":"10.22459/her.26.02.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.26.02.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"Beaches provide a range of ecosystem services (ES). They are increasingly impacted by climate change, among other stressors. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an approach to cope with a changing environment and ensure long-term ES provision. Local managers may facilitate beach EBM implementation by integrating it into existing governance systems. However, their role in EBM implementation needs clarifying. This paper assesses local government beach managers’ perceptions and visions of improvement of the beach ES governance network to face a changing environment. We present a structural analysis of data from the northern coast 1 Corresponding author: marina.ribeiro.correa@usp.br. Human Ecology Review, Volume 26, Number 2, 2020 60 of São Paulo state (Brazil) and discuss opportunities and challenges for a regional EBM implementation. Our results point to the local beach managers as potential leaders of transformations towards sustainability.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46056631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.22459/her.26.02.2020.06
T. Schwenke, Eike Holzkämper
Social and social–ecological network analysis (S(E)NA) have recently emerged as new methods in the environmental governance (EG) literature. By investigating networks of connections between actors, S(E)NA advances the understanding of who is involved in EG and how. We provide an overview of the EG literature applying S(E)NA and map (1) the citation network emerging from cross-references and (2) the similarity network emerging from word similarities between publications. We show that S(E)NA application in EG is in the process of developing into a field of research where publications frequently cite each other. We identify 20 publications which occupy positions as sources, storers, or bridges of knowledge in the citation network. While we see S(E)NA applied in diverse resource contexts, these are mainly discussed on the local spatial level, with a focus on “policy” or “collaboration.” We discover that “power structures” and “the production of knowledge” are themes influencing the whole field.
{"title":"Social (–Ecological) Network Analysis in Environmental Governance: Central Publications, Important Concepts, and Areas of Application","authors":"T. Schwenke, Eike Holzkämper","doi":"10.22459/her.26.02.2020.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/her.26.02.2020.06","url":null,"abstract":"Social and social–ecological network analysis (S(E)NA) have recently emerged as new methods in the environmental governance (EG) literature. By investigating networks of connections between actors, S(E)NA advances the understanding of who is involved in EG and how. We provide an overview of the EG literature applying S(E)NA and map (1) the citation network emerging from cross-references and (2) the similarity network emerging from word similarities between publications. We show that S(E)NA application in EG is in the process of developing into a field of research where publications frequently cite each other. We identify 20 publications which occupy positions as sources, storers, or bridges of knowledge in the citation network. While we see S(E)NA applied in diverse resource contexts, these are mainly discussed on the local spatial level, with a focus on “policy” or “collaboration.” We discover that “power structures” and “the production of knowledge” are themes influencing the whole field.","PeriodicalId":46896,"journal":{"name":"Human Ecology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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