Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters最新文献

This work compares the threshold applied to the swirling strength as well as the vortex orientation statistics in the total and fluctuating velocity fields using direct numerical simulations of compressible and incompressible turbulent channel flows. It is concluded that the difference in the swirling strength for vortex identification is minimal in the logarithmic region such that these two situations share the same threshold. Regarding the vortex orientation, the inclination angle remains similar. However, as the wall-normal distance increases, a more and more obvious distinction is noticed for its orientation with respect to the spanwise ($z$) direction. It is mainly due to their intrinsic differences and attendant contrasting preference for the vortex identification, i.e., vortices rotating in the $-z$ direction for the total velocity field and in the $z$ direction for the fluctuating one. These observations function as a reasonable explanation for various remarks in previous studies.

Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) are commonly employed for structural digital twin modeling. At present, most researches only consider single damage mode tracking. It is not sufficient for a reusable spacecraft as various damage modes may occur during its service life. A reconfigurable DBN method is proposed in this paper. The structure of the DBN can be updated dynamically to describe the interactions between different damages. Two common damages (fatigue and bolt loosening) for a spacecraft structure are considered in a numerical example. The results show that the reconfigurable DBN can accurately predict the acceleration phenomenon of crack growth caused by bolt loosening while the DBN with time-invariant structure cannot, even with enough updates. The definition of interaction coefficients makes the reconfigurable DBN easy to track multiple damages and be extended to more complex problems. The method also has a good physical interpretability as the reconfiguration of DBN corresponds to a specific mechanism. Satisfactory predictions do not require precise knowledge of reconfiguration conditions, making the method more practical.

The aim of this study is the numerical analysis of the melting process of the phase change material (PCM) in a spiral coil. The space between the inner tube and outer shell is filled with RT-50 as PCM. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid (with a carbon component) flows through the inner tube. The novelty of this work is to use different configurations of fin and different percentage of hybrid nanoparticles (SWCNTs-CuO) on the PCM melting process. In the numerical model created by ANSYS-Fluent, the effect of various inlet temperatures is investigated. The results indicate that the extended surface created by extra fin has a dominant effect on melting time, so by adding the third fin, the melting time is reduced by 39.24%. The next most influential factor in PCM melting is the inlet temperature of the working fluid, so that 10 °C increment of temperature result in the PCM melting time decreased by 35.41%.

In order to develop a anchoring operation simulation system and improve safety during anchoring operations, a relatively accurate mathematical model of anchoring operations needs to be established. In this paper, the stress condition of anchor chain under environmental and subsea geological conditions is further studied and the stress condition of anchor chain is analyzed based on the previous research. In this paper, a quasi-static model based on catenary method is used as the basis of dynamic analysis, and the dynamic model of anchor chain is established based on the concentrated mass method, which fully considers the influence of anchor chain weight, hydrodynamic force, ocean current and interaction with the seabed. The fourth-order Runge Kutta method was used to solve the model numerically, and a calculation procedure was developed. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental results, indicating that the constructed anchor chain dynamics model has a high accuracy.

Velocity oscillations at the head of the gravity current were investigated in experiments and numerical simulations of a locked-exchange flow. A comparison of the experimental and numerical simulations showed that the depth and volume of the released fluid affected the oscillations in the velocity of the gravity current. At the initial stage, the head moved forward at a constant velocity, and velocity oscillations occurred. The head maximum thickness increased at the same time as the head, which did not have a round, and accumulated buoyant fluid due to the buoyancy effect intrusion force. The period of accumulation and release of the buoyant fluid was almost the same as that observed for the head movement velocity; the head movement velocity was faster when the buoyant fluid accumulated and slower when it was released. At the viscous stage, the forward velocity decreased proportionally to the power of 1/2 of time, since the head was not disturbed from behind. As the mass concentration at the head decreased, the gravity current was slowed by the viscous stage in its effect. At the viscous stage, the mass concentration at the head was no longer present, and the velocity oscillations also decreased.

The study of a flexible body immersed in a flowing medium is one of the best way to find its aerodynamic shape. This Letter revisited the problem that was first studied by Alben et al. (Nature 420, 479–481, 2002). To determine the aerodynamic shape of the fibre, a simpler approach is proposed. A universal drag scaling law is obtained and the universality of the Alben-Shelley-Zhang scaling law is confirmed by using dimensional analysis. A complete Maple code is provided for finding aerodynamic shape of the fibre in the flowing medium.

As a kind of classical low-frequency sound-absorbing material, the microperforated plate (MPP) has been widely used. Here, we inspired by the sound absorption mechanism of the MPP, a spiral metasurface (SM) is designed and the analytical solution of acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient are obtained. The relationship between the sound absorption properties of the MPP and the SM with their own structures is systematically studied, and the analytical solutions are used to optimise the structure. It is concluded that the MPP and the SM of the same thickness achieve effective absorption in the frequency range between 390-900 Hz and 1920-4266 Hz, with a total thickness less than 1/6 of the wavelength. Meanwhile, the numerical calculation shows that the MPP and SM can match well with the background medium in the effective rang. Our study provides new insights into the design methods of sound-absorbing materials and is potentially suitable for many acoustic engineering applications.

The interaction of multiple bubbles is a complex physical problem. A simplified case of multiple bubbles is studied theoretically with a bubble located at the center of a circular bubble cluster. All bubbles in the cluster are equally spaced and own the same initial conditions as the central bubble. The unified theory for bubble dynamics [35] is applied to model the interaction between the central bubble and the circular bubble cluster. To account for the effect of the propagation time of pressure waves, the emission source of the wave is obtained by interpolating the physical information on the time axis. An underwater explosion experiment with two bubbles of different scales is used to validate the theoretical model. The effect of the bubble cluster with a variation in scale on the pulsation characteristics of the central bubble is studied.

Extensive improvements in small-scale thermal systems in electronic circuits, automotive industries, and microcomputers conduct the study of microsystems as essential. Flow and thermic field characteristics of the coherent nanofluid-guided microchannel heat sink are described in this perusal. The porous media approximate was used to search the heat distribution in the expanded sheet and Cu: γ - AlOOH/water. A hybrid blend of Boehme copper and aluminum nanoparticles is evaluated to have a cooling effect on the microchannel heat sink. By using Akbari Ganji and finite element methods, linear and non-linear differential equations as well as simple dimensionless equations have been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the fluid and thermal parameters of copper hybrid solution added to water, such as Nusselt number and Darcy number so that we can reach the best cooling of the fluid. Also, by installing a piece of fin on the wall of the heat sink, the coefficient of conductive heat transfer and displacement heat transfer with the surrounding air fluid increases, and the efficiency of the system increases. The overall results show that expanding values on the NP (series heat transfer fluid system maximizes performance with temperatures) volume division of copper, as well as boehmite alumina particles, lead to a decrease within the stream velocity of the Cu: AlOOH/water. Increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the hybrid mixture decreases the temperature of the solid surface and the hybrid nanofluid. The Brownian movement improves as the volume percentage of nanoparticles in the hybrid mixture grows, spreading the heat across the environment. As a result, heat transmission rates rise. As the Darcy number increases, the thermal field for solid sections and Cu: AlOOH/water improves.