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Thank You to Our Reviewers 感谢我们的审稿人
4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1086/726439
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引用次数: 0
The Police Abolitionist Movement and the Neoliberal Paradox 警察废除主义运动与新自由主义悖论
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1086/726441
Thomas L. Dumm
Police abolitionists in the United States understand police power to be a key domestic instrument of state power. Abolitionists examine police use of violence, and argue that it too often extends far past any legitimate use. Examining policies and practices, they advocate profound reforms that would shift social control away from the exercise of repressive violence and toward constructive interventions in the lives of troubled citizens. Here I argue that to take the full measure of police power in the U.S. requires a deeper assessment of the police’s role in the organizing of political order than abolitionists contemplate. I suggest that the police constitute a crucial linchpin between social order and sovereign power that cannot be eliminated without eliminating the state itself. To develop this argument, I employ the work of Michel Foucault on the origins of the police and Jonathan Obert in his study of the role of violence in the creation of the U.S. of political order in the nineteenth century. I fit Foucault’s understanding of the function of the police in the development of disciplinary society to the circumstances of the American case. I then provide an assessment of the current state of the extent and depth of police power in the United States. I conclude that attempts to abolish the police will be thwarted unless and until abolitionists better understand how police power operates as a constitutive instrument of neoliberal governance. Consequentially, the appropriate orientation for abolitionists is not to focus on defunding or reducing police department budgets, and/or shifting funds to mental health and social worker interventions, butmore explicitly to promote greater equality in American economy and society, and more radically, to advocate for new forms of democratic governance. Given current political circumstances in the United States,
美国的警察废奴主义者将警察权力理解为国家权力的关键国内工具。废奴主义者研究了警察使用暴力的行为,并认为这种行为往往远远超出了任何合法使用。通过审查政策和实践,他们主张进行深刻的改革,将社会控制从镇压性暴力转向对陷入困境的公民生活的建设性干预。在这里,我认为,要充分衡量美国的警察权力,需要比废奴主义者想象的更深入地评估警察在组织政治秩序中的作用。我认为,警察是社会秩序和主权权力之间的关键,如果不消灭国家本身,就无法消灭。为了发展这一论点,我引用了米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)关于警察起源的著作和乔纳森·奥伯特(Jonathan Obert)关于暴力在19世纪美国政治秩序建立中的作用的研究。我将福柯对警察在纪律社会发展中的作用的理解与美国的情况相吻合。然后,我对美国警察权力的范围和深度的现状进行了评估。我的结论是,除非废奴主义者更好地理解警察权力作为新自由主义治理的组成工具是如何运作的,否则废除警察的企图将遭到挫败。因此,废奴主义者的适当方向不是专注于削减或削减警察局预算,和/或将资金转移到心理健康和社会工作者干预上,而是更明确地促进美国经济和社会的更大平等,更激进地倡导新形式的民主治理。鉴于美国当前的政治形势,
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引用次数: 1
Rear Windows 后面窗户
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726675
Alyson Cole, Robyn Marasco, C. Tien
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引用次数: 1
Citizenship in Times of Crisis: A Comment on Danielle Allen’s Democratic Theory 危机时期的公民身份:评丹尼尔·艾伦的民主理论
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726482
S. Chambers
Danielle Allen is one of our most profound and inspiring democratic theorists. Although difficult to place in any one tradition of democratic thought or tie to a model of democracy, the centerpiece of her work has always been the citizen. The challenges and responsibilities of democratic citizenship furnish the lens through which she has written about democracy—from how to repair racial divides to build an effective pandemic response—as well as how she has organized for democracy, and finally run for office in a democracy. Institutions, elites, classes, social movements, experts, and policy play a role in her work on democracy. But she always comes back to the fundamental need for citizens to embrace and ethically commit to constitutional democracy and a shared public good. For Allen, no race of devils (to invoke Kant’s famous dictum) can sustain the solidarity and common purpose needed to keep democracy afloat. In times of crisis, we need to redouble our efforts to repair a collective sense that we are all in this thing together. Allen has an uplifting and positive view of citizen potential, but it is not utopian. She does not expect ordinary citizens to reach extraordinary levels of civic virtue and knowledge. But she does think—and I follow her here—that ordinary citizens (mostly) can move beyond toxic factionalism and senseless and destructive policy preferences. In this she pushes back against what I see as a growing and alarming trend in democratic studies—particularly the empirical study of American politics. This trend is spearheaded by what I call the new Schumpeterians who are doubling down on the old citizen competency trope in an age of digital misinformation and hyper polarization. Questioning whether citizens are epistemically and ethically up to the job of governing themselves is as old as democracy itself. But modern science, especially experimental neuro, social, and political psychology,
丹妮尔·艾伦是我们最深刻、最鼓舞人心的民主理论家之一。尽管很难将任何一种民主思想传统或民主模式联系起来,但她的工作的核心始终是公民。民主公民的挑战和责任为她书写民主提供了视角,从如何修复种族分歧到建立有效的流行病应对措施,以及她如何为民主组织起来,并最终在民主国家竞选公职。制度、精英、阶级、社会运动、专家和政策在她的民主工作中发挥了作用。但她总是回到公民接受并在道德上承诺宪政民主和共享公共利益的根本需要上来。对艾伦来说,没有哪个魔鬼种族(引用康德的名言)能够维持维持民主所需的团结和共同目标。在危机时刻,我们需要加倍努力,修复我们同舟共济的集体意识。艾伦对公民的潜力有着令人振奋和积极的看法,但这并不是乌托邦。她并不期望普通公民在公民美德和知识方面达到非凡的水平。但她确实认为——我也赞同她的观点——普通公民(大多数)可以摆脱有害的党派斗争和毫无意义的破坏性政策偏好。在这一点上,她反驳了我所看到的民主研究——尤其是对美国政治的实证研究——日益增长和令人担忧的趋势。这种趋势是由我所谓的新熊彼特主义者引领的,他们在这个数字错误信息和高度两极分化的时代,把旧的公民能力比喻翻了一番。质疑公民是否在认识上和道德上能够胜任管理自己的工作,这个问题与民主本身一样古老。但现代科学,尤其是实验神经、社会和政治心理学,
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引用次数: 3
Why Allen Ran 艾伦为什么参选
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726436
Susan McWilliams Barndt
Danielle Allen begins her 2010 book,Why Plato Wrote, with a seemingly simple question: Why did Plato, that most famous of ancient philosophers, write things down? The question seems simple, but it evokes complex possibilities. Allen’s question reminds us that being a philosopher—being a person who loves wisdom—can, as a practicalmatter, entailmultiplemodes of action.A love ofwisdom can be expressed in thinking, in speaking, in writing, in teaching, in being a student, in questioning, in listening, in observing, in creating, and in doing all sorts of other human activities. It can entail engaging with other people or retreating from them. It can involve participation in formal academic institutions or the avoidance of them. As a philosopher, Plato had choices among all these and other possibilities, choices about how to pursue his love of wisdom in theworld. Furthermore, evenwithin the act of writing Plato had many choices. He had choices about how to write, choices about what to write, choices about to whom he would write, and choices about how much time to spend writing. Plato had, in short, lots of choices about how to practice theorizing. By reminding us that Plato had choices about how to practice theorizing, Allen’s question does two important things. First, it blurs the conventional line between theory and practice. And it invites reflection, especially among those of us who have been credentialed by the academy as “philosophers” or “theorists,” about the extent to which our professional norms and identities can be limiting, so much so that they point us away from wisdom (or the good life) rather than toward it. That Allen pushes her inquiry of Plato in these directions should be no surprise. From the very beginning of her adult life, Allen has questioned—sometimes implicitly
丹妮尔·艾伦(Danielle Allen)在她2010年出版的《柏拉图为什么写作》(Why Plato written)一书的开头,提出了一个看似简单的问题:柏拉图,这位最著名的古代哲学家,为什么要把东西写下来?这个问题看起来很简单,但它唤起了复杂的可能性。艾伦的问题提醒我们,作为一个哲学家,作为一个热爱智慧的人,作为一个实际问题,可能需要多种行动模式。对智慧的热爱可以在思考、说话、写作、教学、学生生活、提问、倾听、观察、创造以及其他各种人类活动中表现出来。它可能需要与他人接触,也可能需要远离他们。它可以包括参加正式的学术机构或回避它们。作为一名哲学家,柏拉图在所有这些和其他可能性中做出选择,选择如何在世界上追求他对智慧的热爱。此外,即使在写作过程中,柏拉图也有很多选择。他可以选择如何写作,选择写什么,选择给谁写信,选择花多少时间写作。简而言之,柏拉图在如何实践理论化方面有很多选择。通过提醒我们柏拉图对于如何实践理论化的选择,艾伦的问题做了两件重要的事情。首先,它模糊了理论与实践之间的传统界限。这也引发了反思,尤其是我们这些被学术界认定为“哲学家”或“理论家”的人,思考我们的职业规范和身份在多大程度上受到了限制,以至于它们让我们远离智慧(或美好生活),而不是走向智慧。艾伦将她对柏拉图的研究推向这些方向,这并不奇怪。从她成年生活的一开始,艾伦就一直在质疑——有时是含蓄的
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引用次数: 1
An American Political Theorist between History and Utopia 历史与乌托邦之间的美国政治理论家
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726435
Ryan K. Balot
Danielle Allen is known for refashioning diverse traditions, texts, and histories in the service of improving American political life. From ancient Greek to American to Black to contemporary thought, from social science to educational policy, even to public health, Allen has developed an oeuvre greater than the sum of its parts. Allen’s touchstone is democracy—its justice, along with its practical advantages as a regime. This focus on democracy is timely, immediately, because of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, an irredentist, Eurasianist assault on the liberal democratic international order, but also, more broadly, because of democracy’s retreat across the globe. Is democracy the best regime for addressing crises such as COVID-19 or climate change, or should we turn to strongmen and authoritarians? Political scientists have recently been tempted to raise this question, just as they were once tempted, in the 1930s, to wonder whether American democracy could improve its efficiency and discipline via fascist Germany’s example. Danielle Allen leads our efforts to explain why this temptation is a delusion, why, at its best, democracy is both prudentially and morally superior to hierarchical, nondemocratic regimes. Allen’s work contributes to American democracy by newly articulating the regime’s highest ambitions, capacities, and promise.
丹妮尔·艾伦以重塑不同的传统、文本和历史,为改善美国政治生活服务而闻名。从古希腊到美国,从黑人到当代思想,从社会科学到教育政策,甚至到公共卫生,艾伦创作了一部超过各部分总和的作品。艾伦的试金石是民主——它的正义,以及它作为一个政权的实际优势。这种对民主的关注是及时的,立即的,因为俄罗斯入侵乌克兰,这是对自由民主国际秩序的一次不可修复的欧亚主义攻击,但更广泛地说,也是因为民主在全球范围内的倒退。民主是应对新冠肺炎或气候变化等危机的最佳制度,还是我们应该求助于强人和威权主义者?政治科学家最近很想提出这个问题,就像他们在20世纪30年代曾经想知道美国民主是否可以通过法西斯德国的例子来提高其效率和纪律一样。Danielle Allen带领我们努力解释为什么这种诱惑是一种错觉,为什么在最好的情况下,民主在谨慎和道德上都优于等级制度、非民主制度。艾伦的作品通过新阐述政权的最高抱负、能力和承诺,为美国民主做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
Feeling Seen 感觉看到
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726477
D. Allen
Reading this set of responses to my work left me feeling profoundly awed and humbled, ready to settle into a deep silence. I am awed to have been seen and understood so well. The acts of recognition performed by these five scholars are remarkable. Recall that I am someone whose intellectual life has been shaped in almost all dimensions by lessons from Ralph Ellison’s treatment of invisibility. For me, to feel visible in this way is a liberation, an affirmation that we human beings are in fact capable of seeing the other, that condition of “being at home in the world, which is called love, and which we term democracy.” But then to be seen, in the full, is also to feel exposed and therefore necessarily humbled, even chastened, with regard to the gap between aspiration and performance. Careful what you wish for! Still, to meet such extraordinary, generous acts of recognition without response would be rough ingratitude, and a violation of political and philosophical friendship. A response is called for. Themost important point is this: every scholar here has seenme accurately. To a person they have understood my aspirations. To a person, each author pinpointed problems and tensions in my work that have in fact motivated my most recent effort, Justice by Means of Democracy. Ryan Balot has traced some of the deepest intellectual challenges in my work: can there be freedom without politics? My answer to that, contra Balot, is no, and I finally tackle that question fully in the new book, a book that these respondents
读到这些对我作品的回应,我感到深深的敬畏和谦卑,准备陷入深深的沉默。我很敬畏自己能被这么好地看到和理解。这五位学者的认同行为是值得注意的。回想一下,我的智力生活几乎在所有方面都受到了拉尔夫·埃里森(Ralph Ellison)对隐形的看法的影响。对我来说,以这种方式感受到可见是一种解放,一种肯定,即我们人类实际上有能力看到他人,这种“在世界上自在,这就是爱,我们称之为民主”的状态。但是,当被看到时,也会感到被暴露,因此必然会感到谦卑,甚至受到惩罚,关于愿望和表现之间的差距。小心你的愿望!然而,面对如此非凡的、慷慨的认可而没有回应,将是粗暴的忘恩负义,也是对政治和哲学友谊的侵犯。需要作出回应。最重要的一点是:这里的每一位学者都说得很对。对一个人来说,他们理解我的愿望。对于一个人来说,每位作者都指出了我工作中的问题和紧张关系,这些问题和紧张关系实际上激发了我最近的作品《民主手段下的正义》。瑞安·巴洛特(Ryan Balot)在我的作品中追溯了一些最深刻的智力挑战:没有政治就能有自由吗?我对这个问题的回答是否定的,我最终在新书中全面解决了这个问题,这本书让这些受访者
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引用次数: 0
Danielle Allen and the Continuous Project of American Making 丹妮尔·艾伦与美国制造的持续工程
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726659
Deva Woodly
I have known Danielle Allen since I was a graduate student at the University of Chicago. During the time that I was her student, she taught me both ideas that can be found in books and ideas about how to live in the world. From her, I learned about the Declaration, Alexis de Tocqueville, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ralph Ellison, and a host of others—and, just as importantly, I learned lessons about how to be a scholar, how to be a citizen, and how to be a compassionate human being. About scholarship, I learned that texts are alive, and their livingness is evidenced by their ability to vex and fascinate us, as well as their capacity to impart lessons, give warnings, and be of use. I also learned that as those who seek to produce knowledge our rigor must not be rigid and bound by tradition but must instead be adept, agile, and capacious. I came to understand that genre is a tool, and its transformation is our right as scholars and storytellers, because what we do is not bloodless. Our work is not about adding to the tome of knowledge that sits in history for folks to flip through, but we are instead meant to help apprehend the world as it is and to draft blueprints for other possible worlds where domination is not the most common habit of society. I learned that we must facilitate citizenship at as many levels as possible. That we must both be able to perceive and also actively value the enactment of citizenship through engagement with not only politics and the social sciences but also through the humanities, arts, and civil society. Most importantly, I learned that the knowledge embedded in the practical experiences of those who are seeking change in the world outside of higher educational institutions and political halls is as essential as any syllogism or data that we glean from those who consider themselves expert.
我在芝加哥大学读研究生时就认识了丹妮尔·艾伦。在我还是她的学生的那段时间里,她教会了我书中的思想和如何生活在这个世界上的思想。从她那里,我了解了《宣言》、亚历克西斯·德·托克维尔、W.E.B.杜波依斯、拉尔夫·埃里森和其他许多人——同样重要的是,我学到了如何成为学者、如何成为公民以及如何成为一个富有同情心的人。关于学术,我了解到文本是活的,它们的生命力体现在它们让我们烦恼和着迷的能力,以及它们传授经验、发出警告和发挥作用的能力上。我还了解到,作为那些寻求创造知识的人,我们的严谨性不能是僵化的和受传统约束的,而必须是熟练、敏捷和宽阔的。我逐渐明白,流派是一种工具,它的转变是我们作为学者和故事讲述者的权利,因为我们所做的并不是不流血的。我们的工作并不是为了增加历史上的知识,让人们翻阅,而是为了帮助理解世界的现状,并为其他可能的世界起草蓝图,在这些世界中,统治不是社会最常见的习惯。我了解到,我们必须为尽可能多的公民身份提供便利。我们必须不仅能够通过参与政治和社会科学,而且通过参与人文、艺术和民间社会,感知并积极重视公民身份的确立。最重要的是,我了解到,那些在高等教育机构和政治大厅之外寻求世界变革的人的实践经验中所包含的知识,与我们从那些认为自己是专家的人那里收集到的任何三段论或数据一样重要。
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引用次数: 1
Ask a Political Scientist Symposium on the Contributions of Danielle Allen: Introduction 问一个关于丹妮尔·艾伦贡献的政治学家研讨会:引言
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1086/726440
Rogers M. Smith
WhenI entered graduate school at Harvard in 1975 as part of a strongly felt but ill-specified quest for personal and political meaning, I had no clear sense of what constituted “academic success.” Although my family had long prized college education, no one in it had ever pursued an academic career. I soon learned that there were prevailing notions of what we grad students should dream about achieving, but they were disputed. At Harvard, the highest rank was University Professor; but some University Professors were seen as having won fame outside academia, without truly major intellectual contributions. Many in academia regarded the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, where Einstein ended up, as the Valhalla for truly major intellectual contributors. Some, however, disparaged it as a privileged haven for abstract thinkers choosing to disconnect from the real world. The figure who seemed to command the most universal respect on campus, bordering on worship, was John Rawls, who many saw as one of the greatest political philosophers not just of our time but all time. However, the impact of his then-recent magnum opus, A Theory of Justice, remained to be seen. Rawls was best known for proposing the difference principle, holding that all economic inequalities should benefit the least advantaged within the national community. Nearly a half-century later, few would be audacious enough to contend that his work has brought us much closer to that goal in America or the world. Danielle Allen is currently the James Bryant Conant University Professor at Harvard, the chair that John Rawls once held, and she was formerly the UPS Foundation Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study. She directs Harvard’s Safra Center for Ethics, to which John Rawls was a seminal contributor. She is a member of the nation’s two oldest academic honorary societies, the American
1975年,当我进入哈佛大学研究生院时,作为对个人和政治意义强烈但不明确的追求的一部分,我对什么是“学术成功”没有明确的认识。尽管我的家人长期重视大学教育,但他们中没有人追求过学术生涯。我很快了解到,对于我们研究生应该梦想实现什么,有一些普遍的观念,但它们存在争议。在哈佛,最高级别是大学教授;但一些大学教授被视为在学术界之外赢得了声誉,却没有做出真正重大的智力贡献。许多学术界人士认为,爱因斯坦最终所在的普林斯顿高等研究院是真正重要的智力贡献者的瓦尔哈拉。然而,一些人贬低它是抽象思想家选择脱离现实世界的特权天堂。约翰·罗尔斯(John Rawls)似乎在校园里获得了最普遍的尊重,近乎崇拜,他被许多人视为不仅是我们这个时代,而且是有史以来最伟大的政治哲学家之一。然而,他最近的代表作《正义理论》的影响还有待观察。罗尔斯以提出差异原则而闻名,他认为所有经济不平等都应该使国家社会中最弱势的群体受益。近半个世纪后,很少有人敢说他的工作让我们在美国或世界上更接近了这个目标。Danielle Allen目前是哈佛大学James Bryant Conant大学教授,John Rawls曾担任该校主席,她曾是高等研究所UPS基金会社会科学教授。她是哈佛大学萨夫拉伦理中心的主任,约翰·罗尔斯是该中心的重要贡献者。她是美国历史最悠久的两个学术荣誉学会的成员,美国
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引用次数: 0
Fredric Jameson: Dialectical Criticism and the Politics of Theory 詹姆逊:辩证批判与理论政治
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1086/726475
Antonio Y. Vázquez-Arroyo
One of the most politically radical of all cultural and literary theorists in the North-Atlantic world, Fredric Jameson’s work remains mostly terra incognita in North-Atlantic academic political theory. Aside from rare invocations of this or that essay or book, there has not been sustained treatment of Jameson’s relentlessly politicizing vocation of dialectical criticism. It has neither been mined by scholars of political theory, nor systematically reconstructed, engaged, or criticized. Yet serious engagement with Jameson could initiate a discussion that simultaneously sheds light on the political import of his form of dialectical criticism, offers an occasion to think through “the internal politics” of theoretical discourses, and how his formulations of dialectical criticism contribute to an earthly understanding of political theory. Obviously, it is impossible to do justice to the vast intellectual breath and range of Jameson’s work in one essay. This essay, accordingly, offers a brief exposition of the main tenets of his dialectical criticism, the internal politics of his defense of Theory, and how both relate to his theorization of utopia, for the sake of a rearticulation of the critical vocation of political theory. Out of and through this engagement with Jameson the essay reflects on the ways in which Jameson’s dialectical criticism offers some indications to recast his own account of utopia from the perspective of a more earthly and profane conception of political theorizing.
作为北大西洋世界所有文化和文学理论家中最激进的政治理论家之一,詹姆逊的作品在北大西洋学术政治理论中大部分仍然是未知的领域。除了对这篇或那篇文章或那本书的罕见引用之外,詹姆逊的辩证批评的无情政治化职业并没有得到持续的处理。它既没有被政治理论学者挖掘,也没有系统地重构、参与或批评。然而,与詹姆逊的认真接触可以开启一种讨论,同时揭示他的辩证批评形式的政治意义,提供一个机会来思考理论话语的“内部政治”,以及他的辩证批评的表述如何有助于对政治理论的世俗理解。显然,在一篇文章中不可能公正地评价詹姆逊作品中丰富的知识气息和范围。因此,本文简要阐述了他的辩证批判的主要原则,他为理论辩护的内部政治,以及两者如何与他的乌托邦理论化联系起来,以便重新阐明政治理论的批判职业。通过与詹姆逊的接触,这篇文章反思了詹姆逊的辩证批判如何提供了一些迹象,从一个更世俗和世俗的政治理论化概念的角度,重塑了他自己对乌托邦的描述。
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引用次数: 0
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