Social Work in Public Health最新文献

Pandemics are amongst the most destructive disasters to have afflicted humankind through history. These disasters entail a disproportionate effect on refugee populations, who are already in a state of high vulnerability. This study aims to assess the perception of risk of COVID-19 in the refugee populations in Turkey, in addition to evaluating anxiety levels during the pandemic. The participants of this study were refugees enrolled in a local nonprofit organization in Istanbul. They were asked to complete questionnaires which asked about COVID-19 and any self-protection measures. The questionnaire also incorporated the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening test. In this young, male and mostly unemployed population, knowing someone who experienced COVID-19 was associated with a greater likelihood of compliance with hygiene and physical distancing measures. Anxiety levels were above 29%, and the highest scores were in the age group between 25 and 55 years. We argue that comprehensive public health measures against COVID-19 should include focused interventions for refugee populations that take the extra vulnerability (health, financial, and other) into account.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the perception of distrust in the healthcare system on vaccine hesitancy and to determine the association between the sociodemographic characters of the participants and their perception of distrust and their vaccine hesitancy. The population consisted of individuals who were 20 years old and above and were residing in Turkey. A total of 986 people participated in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was prepared on Google Forms. As a result of the regression analysis, distrust in the healthcare system explained 20.7% of total variance in vaccine hesitancy and an increase in the perception of distrust in the healthcare system statistically increased the vaccine hesitancy. In the study, it was also determined that the participants' perceptions of distrust in the healthcare system caused statistically significant differences based on the variables of marital status, employment status, alcohol consumption, age, education level and income level. It was revealed that the participants' perceptions of vaccine hesitancy caused a statistically significant difference only based on age and the frequency of applying to the health institution.

Though health insurance policies remain critical to eliminating healthcare access barriers, population-wide subscription in Ghana however remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study, while employing a questionnaire survey to elicit data (n= 312) analyzed via the structural equation modeling technique, investigates individual health insurance subscription underpinnings using the theory of planned behavior. The results of data analysis affirmed attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control as positively related to health insurance subscription. Similarly, results further revealed personal norm and descriptive norm as significantly related to intention, testifying to individuals' subscription as not anchored on a single factor, but rather on a confluence of behavior-driven elements. The current study, in addition to affirming the TPB's predictive potency, also enriches health insurance research, and underscores the much often-disregarded behavior constituents as imperative to health policy design and implementation. In view of the study results, implications for augmenting subscription, and suggestions for further research are subsequently delineated.

This study investigated the experiences and views of adult people living in Turkey about the changes in their usual life during the pandemic, the effects of these changes, difficulties they had, and ways of coping with these difficulties. The study adopted a qualitative design within the scope of the phenomenological approach. The study sample consisted of 449 adults. The findings showed that the changes due to the pandemic were divided into eight categories that included social life, work-life, daily routines, emotions, school life, economy, and cognitive and physiological changes. The participants reported both positive and negative effects of these changes in terms of emotions, cognition, work and school life, physiology, and social life. In the pandemic process, the participants were found to have difficulties in emotions, social life, work-life and economy, physiology, and daily routines. To cope with these difficulties, the participants were found to demonstrate various emotion-focused, problem-focused, and appraisal-focused behaviors.

The extension of the human lifespan has led to an increase in the proportion of the elderly population worldwide. This situation has also brought the issue of healthy aging to the agenda. The importance of more active participation of elderly individuals in life in the development of health is increasing. Depression and self-efficacy of the elderly people are primarily addressed to support this situation. This study is a randomized controlled intervention study in which evaluating the change in depression and self-efficacy levels of elderly individuals after the empowerment intervention. In the study, which was conducted to improve elderly individuals' depression and self-efficacy levels, an empowerment intervention consisting of 7 sessions was applied to these individuals. In the sessions, practices were carried out to increase the functionality of the elderly in cognitive, social, emotional, physical and spiritual areas. In this study, 60 elderly individuals (intervention and control groups) who were hospitalized for physical therapy and rehabilitation in a state hospital in Turkey between September 2019 and December 2020 were included. The simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The sample size was determined by G Power analysis. Geriatric depression and self-efficacy scales were used in the study. The study data were analyzed on the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 software package. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate descriptive data. Pearson, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact tests were used to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Paired Samples t-test was used to compare the intervention and the control groups' pretest and posttest scores. In the study, it was determined that the mean geriatric depression pretest score was 15.43 ± 7.05 in the control group and 14.46 ± 7.21 in the intervention group, and there was no significant difference between the groups' geriatric depression pretest scores (p = .602). However, it was determined that the mean geriatric depression posttest score was 13.50 ± 9.02 in the control group and 9.23 ± 6.71 in the intervention group, and there was a significant difference between the posttest scores of the groups (p = .042). No significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest geriatric depression scale scores of the control group (t = 1.346; p = .189). The posttest geriatric depression score of the intervention group was significantly lower than the pretest score (t = 5.966; p = .0001). In the study, it was determined that the mean self-efficacy pretest score was 79.63 ± 12.62 in the control group, 75.63 ± 14.20 in the intervention group, and there was no significant difference between the pretest scores of the groups (p = .254). It was determined that the mean self-efficacy posttest score was 83.10 ± 11.35 in the control group and 84.50 ± 14.41 in the intervention group, and there was no significant difference between the posttest

Although extensive documentation of the health disparities experienced by Native American peoples exists, little research explores experiences of members of non-federally recognized tribes who receive health care outside of the Indian Health Services (IHS) system. Additionally, positive factors that influence relationships between health care providers and tribal members are understudied and are needed to promote health care access. A qualitative descriptive methodologic approach was used to conduct semi structured life history interviews with 31 women who identified as members of a state-recognized, Gulf South Native American tribe. Results identified the following important themes: Do Participants Have a Regular Provider, Personal Relationship With Provider, Feel Provider Cares, Provider Addresses Concern, and Respect for Traditional or Holistic Medicine. These findings suggest health care providers play an important role in impacting the health care experiences of Native American tribal members. Implications for trainings for health care providers are discussed.

Though Community Asset Mapping (CAM) has been widely used in community-development and applied to public health interventions, little has been done to synthesize the current state of this approach. This paper reports the findings from a scoping review of research where CAM was applied to public health practice and research initiatives. We identified and reviewed 28 articles featuring studies that used asset mapping for public health purposes. Overall, we found that the purpose and methods related to asset mapping varied widely across studies. Given the potential benefits of asset mapping and its relevance to social work principles, researchers and public health professionals should approach asset mapping with the same level of attention, rigor, and ethics as other research methodologies or intervention design. There is an obligation to engage in asset mapping in ways that promote our ethical principles of service, dignity, integrity, and competence.

Health regulations to constrain the progress of the pandemic such as lockdowns, curfews, and quarantines made radical alterations in every aspect of individuals' lives, causing significant impact on their mental health and well-being. The current study aimed to examine whether there are significant differences in participants' sociodemographic variables in reported cases of depression, anxiety, and stress among women who lived in Kuwait during the curfew and lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional method. A nonrandom sample of 596 participants was recruited. The current study found that women at higher risk of reporting more incidents of depression, anxiety, and stress during the lockdown and curfew were from the older age group above 50 years old, hold higher educational certificates, and own private businesses. High rates of reported depression and anxiety were detected significantly among Kuwaiti women. The findings of this study reveal the significant impact of an uncomfortable and distressful environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may negatively affected individuals' mental health and generated diverse forms of psychosocial illness.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in the households of Pakistan. Secondary data were used from a national-level survey, i.e. "Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey" (HIICS) 2015-2016 published by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. A total of 11,187 households were included in the final analysis. Quantile regression models were applied to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and the consumption of fruit and vegetable. More than half of the households in the sample did not meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended criteria for fruit and vegetable consumption, which is 400 g/day/capita. According to the quantile regression model, household income is an important factor in increasing fruit and vegetable intake because an increase in income leads to a greater likelihood of spending on healthy and nutritious foods. The increased consumption of fruit and vegetable was caused by the household head's high education, which created multiple resources to increase income. Households in two provinces, i.e. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan, have a greater impact on fruit and vegetable consumption than other provinces due to natural resource availability. Household size and dependency ratio hurt the consumption of fruit and vegetable because women and children are not able to do work. These results are very useful because a better understanding of the socioeconomic characteristics associated with fruit and vegetable intake could improve the effectiveness of policies aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.