Social Work in Public Health最新文献

The authors aimed to assess the impact of a family caregiver support intervention on caregiver burden and hospital readmission before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. By adopting a quasi-experimental design with no randomization, caregivers (n = 65) received a 90-day home visitation caregiver support intervention before the COVID-19 pandemic and caregivers (n = 41) received a 90-day phone-only visitation caregiver support intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregiver burden was collected in a survey, and hospital readmission of the care recipient was collected by hospital data. The results of a repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated that participants of a family caregiver support intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic improved their caregiver burden statistically significantly more than those who received the intervention before the pandemic. There were no significant differences in hospital readmissions before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study demonstrates the efficacy of family caregiver support interventions over the phone during a pandemic.

In March, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, the first Community Treatment Center (CTC), which is a motel-type Alternate Care Site (ACS) for mild and asymptomatic patients, was opened. This is a case study of the first Community treatment center prepared to respond to COVID-19. One of the researchers worked as a medical doctor in one of the CTCs operated by the Korean government. The CTC's eight medical staff members were interviewed in-depth one-on-one. Then the data obtained from observation, collection, and interview were triangulated. In this study, it was identified based on the 4S factor that evaluates the surge capacity to meet the medical needs of CTC. And how the CTC was operated from a medical and social welfare perspective and what problems appeared to patients during the operation were analyzed. Three dormitories of a national training center were used as the CTC. Each patient used a room equipped with a toilet, a shower, and a washbasin. Medical staff and government officials with various backgrounds were dispatched. Telemedicine was also used to prevent the spread of infection. The CTC made a significant contribution to both medical and social welfare fields. It provided patients psychological stability in a comfortable environment. But some patients had psychological problems and difficulties involving work and family care. Various efforts in conjunction with participation from social workers are required to reduce these problems.

The COVID-19 infection, which has been increasing all over the world since December 2019 and has experienced its second and third waves in 2020 and 2021, has created fear in the society. Despite the fact that this infection has been fought for about 3 years, it is very important to develop the knowledge, attitudes and skills of the society against disease X (i.e. an unidentified future pandemic) epidemic such as COVID-19 in terms of infection control. The research was cross-sectional in the period that we can call the early days of the pandemic. Data were collected from a total of 312 individuals who attended the Ankara City Hospital Blood Collection Unit between November 1 and November 30, 2020 and accepted participation in the study. The patient information, attitude and behavior form prepared based on the literature information was collected face to face. Chi-square test was applied to determine whether there is a systematic relationship between the categorical variables in the data analysis. Ethics committee permissions and consent from the participants were obtained. According to the results of the study, the knowledge levels of the individuals were half sufficient, they were worried about themselves and their relatives in terms of getting COVID 19, and their attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate. As a result, it is necessary to improve the knowledge, attitude and practices of individuals in society to combat the pandemic.

Adolescence is a time of rapid growth and development and may be accompanied by increased risk-taking behaviors and independence. Youth are particularly at risk for high levels of stress, decreased physical activity, unsafe sexual activity, abuse, depression, and suicide. Considering the unique health risks adolescents face, healthcare service access and utilization can play a pivotal role in promoting positive long term health outcomes throughout adulthood. At the same time, adolescents must often rely on parents/caregivers to mediate their healthcare access. Understanding how adolescents perceive adult interactions within healthcare is important for developing interventions that increase youth access to healthcare. We found that adolescents perceived adult-mediated healthcare experiences as either supportive (Subthemes: Recognition Builds Trust and Validation) or unsupportive (Subthemes: Adult-Focused Communication and Lack of Privacy). Based on our findings, we argue that prevention-focused interventions should include communication-based strategies. We discuss social work and healthcare practice and policy implications of these findings.

The present study explores the association between patient-provider communication quality and medical mistrust in a sample of 174 young Black women, aged 18-24. Data were collected as part of a larger mixed-methods study examining sexual health communication and behaviors. Participants were recruited via non-probabilistic sampling methods between June 2018 and December 2018. Eligible respondents completed a self-administered online study that examined, among other components, healthcare experiences and medical mistrust. Hierarchical linear regression was used to explore the relationship between patient-provider communication quality and medical mistrust. Patient-provider communication quality was a significant predictor of medical mistrust; as communication quality increased, medical mistrust decreased (p < .001). Educational attainment also emerged as a significant predictor. Relative to not completing any college, completing some college was associated with lower medical mistrust (p= .031). Our findings suggest that for providers seeking to address medical mistrust in patients identifying as young Black women, focusing on patient-centered communication may be particularly impactful.

This study examined the demographic and sociocultural influences on the level of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices in Enugu state. The major instrument for data collection was a uniform set of structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews with the husbands, grandmothers/mothers-in-law, health workers, women leaders, and traditional/community leaders. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and chi-squared test. Qualitative data were analyzed with ATLAS.ti. The study established that the prevalence level of EBF practice was relatively low (27%) in all the local government areas in the state. The result also showed that several sociocultural factors affected EBF practice. Some of them were: influence of TBAs (91%); poor nutrition in family menu (82%); campaign/marketing of artificial feed (78.3%), unfavorable conditions in the work place (66.8%); belief that lack of water can kill a baby (64.6%) and influence of grandmothers/mothers-in-law (64.2%). The results further revealed that age, occupation, parity, and educational qualification of the mothers influences the level of EBF practice. The findings also revealed that majority of mothers practice mixed feeding in the name of EBF practice. It is suggested that more efforts are needed in giving proper and adequate education and skilled counseling on EBF practice and sociocultural factors associated with the practice.

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable elder self-neglect scale (ESNS) for field research on Iranian community-dwelling older adults. This mixed-method exploratory study was conducted in three stages: (1) item generation using literature review, (2) item reduction by expert panels, and (3) assessing the psychometric properties. In the third stage, the face, content, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) were performed on the first sample (n = 450), and the final 26-item scale was developed. After that, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability were assessed on the second sample (n = 250). Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS v.23 and AMOS v.24. Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors with a total variance of 77.53%. The goodness of fit was indicated by Structural Equation Modeling. The Cronbach's alpha was estimated at 0.85. The optimal cutoff point was 73. This scale with 26 items seems to be an effective tool in screening elder self-neglect.

Pandemics are amongst the most destructive disasters to have afflicted humankind through history. These disasters entail a disproportionate effect on refugee populations, who are already in a state of high vulnerability. This study aims to assess the perception of risk of COVID-19 in the refugee populations in Turkey, in addition to evaluating anxiety levels during the pandemic. The participants of this study were refugees enrolled in a local nonprofit organization in Istanbul. They were asked to complete questionnaires which asked about COVID-19 and any self-protection measures. The questionnaire also incorporated the General Anxiety Disorder-7 screening test. In this young, male and mostly unemployed population, knowing someone who experienced COVID-19 was associated with a greater likelihood of compliance with hygiene and physical distancing measures. Anxiety levels were above 29%, and the highest scores were in the age group between 25 and 55 years. We argue that comprehensive public health measures against COVID-19 should include focused interventions for refugee populations that take the extra vulnerability (health, financial, and other) into account.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the perception of distrust in the healthcare system on vaccine hesitancy and to determine the association between the sociodemographic characters of the participants and their perception of distrust and their vaccine hesitancy. The population consisted of individuals who were 20 years old and above and were residing in Turkey. A total of 986 people participated in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was prepared on Google Forms. As a result of the regression analysis, distrust in the healthcare system explained 20.7% of total variance in vaccine hesitancy and an increase in the perception of distrust in the healthcare system statistically increased the vaccine hesitancy. In the study, it was also determined that the participants' perceptions of distrust in the healthcare system caused statistically significant differences based on the variables of marital status, employment status, alcohol consumption, age, education level and income level. It was revealed that the participants' perceptions of vaccine hesitancy caused a statistically significant difference only based on age and the frequency of applying to the health institution.