International Journal of Cognitive Therapy最新文献

Emotion reactivity (ER) captures the depth, sensitivity, and endurance of our emotional reactions, while deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP) characterizes our inflexibility and rigidity in adhering to specific time frames. This study investigates how ER and DBTP might predict the symptoms of depression and anxiety and DBTP’s mediating role between ER and the symptoms of anxiety and depression in a three-wave longitudinal investigation. Data from 148 university students (82 males, 55.4%) with the age range of 18–29 (M_age = 19.92, SD_age = 1.36) were collected at three time intervals using Emotion Reactivity Scale, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Future Negative subscale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The study utilized latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) within a structural equation modeling framework. Results showed that greater DBTP at baseline predicted increased anxiety and depression symptoms and longitudinally reduced anxiety symptoms. The mediation model clarified that, initially, DBTP mediated the relationship between ER and anxiety/depression symptoms; however, over time, DBTP functioned as a suppressor of anxiety symptoms. This study establishes DBTP’s predictive and dynamic significance for anxiety and depression, unveiling its mediating role in the interplay with emotional reactivity. These findings can inform tailored therapies addressing ER and temporal biases in this population.

Emotional schema therapy (EST) is an approach that aims to regulate emotions, thus alleviating mental health problems. Although emotional schema therapy (EST) was used for various mental health problems, no review has been conducted on the evidence of this intervention so far. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the evidence base for the EST in treating adults diagnosed with mental health problems using randomized controlled trials in clinical settings and subsequently evaluated the quality of these trials. This systematic review adhered to the general principles published by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD). Searches of five databases (PsycINFO, EBSCO, Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, clinicaltrails.gov) were conducted in April 2024, and the results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only four randomized controlled trials were included in this review; the risk bias of the trials was generally high. The beneficial effects of emotional schema therapy still need to be clarified, with very few randomized controlled trials examining it. It is crucial to emphasize the need for a more rigorous methodology to assess such effects, underlining the necessity of improving research practices.

Psychological interventions are important tools for addressing different mental disorders around the world, and considering cultural diversity during the implementation of psychological intervention may lead to improved outcomes. This scoping review updates on the knowledge about the cultural adaptation of cognitive behavioral therapy in the Arab world. This study included 21 studies about the cultural adaptation of cognitive behavioral therapy and other types of psychological interventions that have been implemented for Arab people. The sources of information were PUBMED, Web of Science Journal, CINHA, and search engine Google. For scoping review, the PRISMA-ScR framework was followed. The results showed that the process of cultural adaptation of CBT for Arab people focused on the following stages: (1) define the target group, (2) review the literature and select content, (3) feedback from stakeholders, (4) producing a guide for adaptation, (5) translation and adaptation process, (6) testing process for the adapted tools, and (7) final refinement. The process of cultural adaptation for CBT was superficial and focused on the content but not on the context. In addition, the cultural adaption process for CBT for Arab people focused on three major areas: (1) cultural awareness, (2) assessment and engagement, and (3) technique modification.

We previously found that rumination maintains obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms. Our goal was to explore the moderating roles of three characteristics in the immediate and intermediate effects of rumination on OC symptoms: trait rumination, severity of comorbid depressive symptoms, and the tendency to misinterpret the occurrence of unwanted intrusive thoughts as meaningful. We reanalyzed our previous study’s data and explored in a sample of 145 individuals diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) whether any of the three characteristics moderated the observed immediate and intermediate effects of rumination on OC symptoms. Only the tendency to misinterpret unwanted intrusive thoughts moderated the immediate and intermediate effects of rumination on OC symptoms. If this result is confirmed in future studies, individuals with OCD and a high tendency to misinterpret unwanted intrusive thoughts might benefit particularly from supplemental interventions targeting the reduction of excessive rumination.

Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was recognized for its effectiveness in treating mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study explored integrating gaming and gamification into mental health interventions to enhance motivation, enjoyment, and treatment outcomes. The objective was to examine how games, gamification, and CBT techniques addressed depression, anxiety, and stress disorders (DASDs) across different age groups. A comprehensive search across scientific repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and others, found 39 studies using game-based, gamification-based, or mixed approaches with CBT. These interventions were evaluated through pilot studies, randomized controlled trials, and user-centered designs. Findings suggested that integrating games and gamification with CBT effectively managed stress, anxiety, and depression across diverse age cohorts. Further research should refine these interventions to optimize their effectiveness in clinical settings and everyday applications, highlighting the potential of combining digital technologies with traditional therapies to improve mental health outcomes.

Rumination, as a cognitive process contributing to the persistence of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), can be measured using the Rumination on Obsessions and Compulsions Scale (ROCS), a reliable measure of the scales of mental neutralizing, symptom rumination, and acceptance. However, the previous validation study had some limitations, including a relatively small sample size and a failure to evaluate the overall factor structure. The present study aimed to validate the ROCS and assess its ability to predict OCD symptoms in an Iranian sample of OCD (n = 300), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 150), and healthy individuals (n = 300). The findings revealed a three-factor structure for both the 33-item ROCS and one of its subscales (i.e., mental neutralizing scale), with good reliability and validity. The ROCS exhibited strong correlations with corresponding measures and predicted OCD symptoms in a cross-sectional manner, particularly among OCD patients who had higher mental neutralizing and rumination, as well as lower acceptance, on the ROCS compared to the other groups. This research indicates that the ROCS is a reliable measure of three typical mental reactions to obsessions and/or compulsions: rumination, neutralizing, and acceptance, which are separate yet closely related and contribute to symptoms of OCD. Thus, theoretical models of OCD should place greater emphasis on rumination responses. The study also provides evidence supporting the validity of the acceptance scale. Future research should assess the temporal stability and re-evaluate the high inter-correlations between acceptance and the mental neutralizing and rumination scales.

Two studies explored whether Hated Self and Inadequate Self forms of self-criticism demonstrate different relationships to self-critical rumination (SCR), metacognitive beliefs, decentering and psychopathology. In study 1, 137 community participants experiencing SCR completed an online questionnaire battery. Self-hate was associated with higher SCR, stronger positive and negative metabeliefs about SCR, higher psychopathology and nonreactivity to internal experiences. Effects of Inadequate Self on psychopathology were fully mediated by SCR whereas Hated Self exerted direct effects on psychopathology alongside indirect effects via SCR. Study 2 explored whether higher self-hate attenuated the ability to detach from SCR triggers. Twenty-three participants received a single-session detached mindfulness intervention; pre-post changes in study 1 questionnaires and daily diary ratings of study 1 constructs in the week before and after the intervention were compared. Most measures improved; higher self-hate was not associated with reduced response. Although self-hate confers risk for psychopathology outside SCR, metacognitive interventions both undermine uncontrollability beliefs and facilitate decentering, so should continue to be investigated as interventions for SCR.

Personality dysfunction operationalized as impairment in self- and interpersonal functioning is a characteristic of personality disorders. The metacognitive model suggests that dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs are a common cause of psychological disorders, but the relevance and importance of metacognitions for personality dysfunction is less explored and was the objective for the current study. In a sample of 1278 individuals, we conducted a multiple hierarchical regression analysis to test the predictive role of metacognitive beliefs for personality dysfunction. We found a unique and independent contribution from negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry and lower cognitive confidence to personality dysfunction whilst controlling age, gender, maladaptive personality traits, big-5 personality traits, emotional distress symptoms, and general psychosocial functioning. The results bring further support for the metacognitive model of psychological disorders which may be relevant for formulation and treatment of personality dysfunction and disorder.

This study investigates the relation between eating disorder (ED) psychopathology and insomnia symptoms in Iran. Using network analysis with Iranian participants (N = 1956) who completed the Farsi versions of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (F-EDE-Q) and the Insomnia Severity Index (F-ISI), we identified central and bridge symptoms within the ED and insomnia network. Central symptoms included a strong desire to lose weight, discomfort in seeing one’s body, and fear of weight gain. Symptoms that served as bridges between ED and insomnia included difficulties in staying asleep, the impact of sleep problems on quality of life, and the influence of body shape on self-judgment. Targeting these bridge symptoms might enhance the effectiveness of interventions aimed at disrupting the linkage between ED psychopathology and insomnia.

The factors driving excessive reassurance seeking in obsessive–compulsive disorder are incompletely understood. We investigated whether low memory confidence, which drives compulsive checking, may also lead to excessive reassurance seeking during a novel in vivo contamination-based task. Undergraduates (N = 91) completed a memory test and received sham positive or negative performance feedback. Participants then viewed a complicated cleaning video and completed a corresponding cleaning task whilst their reassurance seeking was covertly coded. Afterwards, participants rated their anxiety, confidence, and experimenter responsibility for task outcomes. The novel laboratory task induced high levels of reassurance seeking from participants (median = 5 reassurance requests). There was no evidence that manipulating memory confidence altered reassurance seeking. Greater reassurance seeking was correlated with decreased performance confidence and increased ratings of experimenter responsibility for negative cleaning task outcomes. Memory beliefs may not initiate reassurance seeking, suggesting a possible dissimilarity between reassurance seeking and compulsive checking.