International Journal of Cognitive Therapy最新文献

Sex offenders and non-sexual violent offenders display distinct cognitive distortions that shape their offenses. Some evidence suggests that early maladaptive schemas which reflect individuals’ fundamental cognitions and beliefs, contribute to these cognitive distortions. However, these have not been systematically appraised. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the evidence regarding the schema profiles of sex offenders and non-sexual violent offenders, and to explore differences in schemas between these offender types. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Within the sex offender category, rapists and child sex offenders endorsed similar schemas. For non-sexual violent offenders, schemas related to self-control issues and self-entitlement were most prominent. Sex offenders demonstrated more schemas that endorsed negative perceptions of themselves and others than violent offenders. Findings also suggest that atypical sexual interests and mental disorders may be important. This evidence highlights the need for a more fine-tuned understanding of the cognitive profiles of sexual and non-sexual violent offenders and for developing schema-based offender management and rehabilitation services.

Psychological distress in women represents a critical aspect; however, few studies have comprehensively addressed how health management strategies, consideration of future consequences (CFC), cognitive reappropriation, and self-efficacy may influence this phenomenon, especially in contexts that require a comprehensive approach to women’s mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of future consequence consideration, cognitive reappraisal, and self-efficacy in health management on psychological distress in American women, as well as to demonstrate their equivalence according to age. Data from 2788 women responding to the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, cycle 3 were used. A predictive model was considered using structural equation modeling (SEM). Cognitive reappraisal and self-efficacy in health management (SEHM) have a significant mediating effect between CFC and psychological distress. In addition, the invariance of the SEM model was presented as a function of age. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cognitive components into mental health interventions for women, focusing on modifying thoughts and perceptions about the efficacy of health care to mitigate negative emotions.

Repeated suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for suicide, and anxiety sensitivity has been proposed as one of the individual characteristics that increase such attempts. However, there is a lack of research that explores the underlying mechanism of how anxiety sensitivity is associated with suicide attempts. The present study examined the mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts among psychiatric patients. The moderating effect of gender in this mediating relationship was also investigated. Two hundred twenty-nine patients who visited the psychiatric department at a university hospital in Seoul completed self-report measures and structured clinical interview. Data on demographic characteristics as well as anxiety sensitivity (ASI-3), rumination (RRS), and hopelessness (BHS) were collected. Structured interviews (SCID-5-CV) were also administered to identify their history and frequency of suicide attempts. The results indicated a significant mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts. This association differed by gender, demonstrating a moderated mediation effect. More specifically, the mediation effect was not significant among men. In the case of women, the simple mediation effect of hopelessness was significant (indirect effect = 0.008, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.016]), and the serial mediation effect of rumination and hopelessness was also significant (indirect effect = 0.006, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.012]). The results imply a significant link between hopelessness and suicide attempts, specifically observed in women (interaction effect = 0.081, SE = 0.033, 95% CI [0.015, 0.146]). The present study highlights the prominent role of anxiety sensitivity regarding suicidal risks among patients with mental disorders. Moreover, it is vital to consider both rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, and feelings of hopelessness to understand their repeated suicide attempts better. In addition, this study provides evidence of the importance of gender-specific interventions in suicide prevention measures.

An evidence-based intervention for many psychiatric and health problems, cognitive behavioral therapy originated in the West before being disseminated globally. While Saudi Arabia is unique, in that it is at the heart of the Islamic world, it is similar to most other countries in that mental disorders are common. Nonetheless, few studies have examined cognitive behavioral therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this scoping review, cognitive behavioral therapy training, practice, and research in Saudi Arabia were explored by searching several English and Arabic databases. Various education and training programs were outlined. Moreover, cognitive behavioral therapy practice in Saudi Arabia in public and private settings was discussed. Published studies were grouped by themes into attitudes toward CBT, adaptation, and effectiveness. Recommendations for improvement are also discussed.

Rumination, defined as “repetitive thinking about the symptoms, causes, circumstances, meanings, and consequences of negative mood” (Watkins & Roberts, 2020), is a cognitive vulnerability factor that leads to multiple mental disorders transdiagnostically. Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (RFCBT) is a novel approach of CBT that directly addresses rumination. The effectiveness of RFCBT in the treatment and prevention of depression has been demonstrated through multiple randomized controlled trials, all of which are conducted within Western cultures. Nevertheless, previous studies indicate that the consequences of rumination may differ across cultures. Therefore, cultural adaptation is a key in introducing RFCBT to the Eastern culture. The present article focuses on the endeavors undertaken thus far to introduce RFCBT to Japan, with specific focus on intervention studies and dissemination work. Future directions are discussed to build the evidence-base and promote dissemination within Japan and the Eastern countries.

Dimensional, transdiagnostic models of psychopathology such as RDoC and HiTOP increasingly inform how core and covarying processes are conceptualized in psychopathology diagnoses. It follows that the field may benefit from considering transdiagnostic, dimensional intervention models to promote mental wellness across human experiences. The current study presents Mood Lifters as a programmatic case study of a biopsychosocial-informed treatment approach that targets psychopathology as conceptualized within RDoC and HiTOP frameworks. Mood Lifters is a 15-week, peer-led, group-based program that promotes transdiagnostic mental wellness. This program demonstrates how a single intervention can address psychopathology across various domains highlighted in prominent alternative models to the DSM. With public health and community implementation in mind, the authors hope that this applied conceptualization of a theoretical framework will encourage further development of transdiagnostic, dimensional treatment approaches.

The principles of CBT emphasize the interactions among cognition, emotion, and behavior. CBT’s origins lie in Stoicism philosophy and share similarities with the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China. The idea of mind–body regulation in traditional Chinese culture has laid a cultural foundation for the promotion of CBT in China. This paper analyzes the applicability and challenges of CBT in China based on the current development of CBT in mainland China and the learning and practice of CBT therapists. It also explores the potential further development of CBT in China and the integration of CBT with the Chinese culture.

Interventions targeting anhedonia in depression demonstrate encouraging results in adults but are lacking for adolescents. Here, we have adapted a brief imagery-based intervention (IMAGINE), which has shown promising results in reducing symptoms of depression in young people, to focus specifically on reducing symptoms of anhedonia (IMAGINE-Positive). We augment positive mental imagery generation with techniques to upregulate positive affect. Eight participants completed the four-session intervention. Data on feasibility and acceptability were collected. Questionnaires of symptomology and cognitive mechanisms (e.g. depression, anhedonia and future imagery vividness) were administered at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. The intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. There was a large reduction in depression symptom scores from pre- to post-intervention (d = 1.12) and 63% of participants showed reliable improvement (RI), which was maintained at follow-up (d = 2.51, RI = 86%). Although there were only small reductions in anhedonia from pre to post (d = 0.38, RI = 0), there was a large reduction from pre to follow-up (d = 1.28, RI = 29%). There were also large increases in positive future imagery vividness (post, d = − 1.08, RI = 50%; follow-up, d = − 2.02, RI = 29%). Initial evidence suggests that IMAGINE-Positive is feasible and acceptable and may have clinical utility, but future randomised controlled trials are needed to further evaluate efficacy.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have scarcely been studied in adolescents. The present study investigates EMSs in two clinical samples of 12–22-year-olds recruited from patients entering a specialized adolescent psychiatry clinic [n = 190] or a pediatric clinic [n = 119] in Finland. The endorsement of EMSs was compared between these samples, and the association of EMSs with perceived parental bonding was assessed. EMSs were assessed with the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 2-Extended and particularly affectionless control parenting style with the Parental Bonding Instrument. The main analyses were conducted using general linear modeling. Significant differences existed between the two samples, with most EMSs and EMS domains being stronger in the adolescent psychiatry sample. The Disconnection and Rejection domain was associated with maternal affectionless control in the adolescent psychiatry sample and paternal affectionless control in the pediatric sample. The results provide novel findings of EMSs in adolescents and their links to parenting.

Abstract

In this overview, I consider the gregariousness of human nature and use it as context for the five articles in this special issue on suicidality. I point out that these five papers represent the diversity in concepts and methods characteristic of a young science, decades away from maturity. Nevertheless, I contend that there are commonalities in suicidality specifically and human experience more generally, and that themes like human sociality may serve as a heuristic in understanding them and in preventing the deaths by suicide.