International Journal of Cognitive Therapy最新文献

We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical potential of a smartphone-based Approach-Avoidance Modification Training (AAMT) that required users to deliberately display anger and positive emotions (AAMT-AP) to move (dys-)functional stress-related beliefs away from and towards themselves, respectively. The per protocol sample consisted of N = 30 participants randomized to an AAMT-AP condition, a swipe control condition, or an inactive control condition. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study design were assessed directly and changes in clinical outcomes (perceived stress (primary outcome), dysfunctional beliefs, symptoms of depression, and emotion regulation skills) one week after intervention completion. The results indicated that AAMT-AP was feasible and acceptable to participants. Moreover, notable effect sizes for clinical outcomes in comparison with both control conditions provided preliminary evidence for its therapeutic potential. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of AAMT-AP in sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials.

This study aims to examine the characteristics of interpretation bias among students with depressive tendencies under emotional priming conditions and compare with normal college students. This study employed behavioral experiments to gather data on the responses of college students with depressive tendency (depression tendency groups) and psychologically healthy college students (normal control group) in word association tasks. The tasks were conducted under positive and negative emotional priming conditions to investigate the interpretation bias characteristics of individuals with depressive tendency. Additionally, an interpretation bias intervention was implemented to enhance positive cognitive function, weaken negative cognition, and strengthen the inhibition of negative information. This intervention aimed to examine the changes in interpretation bias among individuals with depressive tendency and explore the effectiveness of positive cognitive intervention. Individuals with depressive tendency demonstrate a significant negative interpretation bias when processing ambiguous information, particularly when triggered by negative emotions. Following active interpretation training, participants in the depression intervention group exhibited reduced inhibition of positive interpretation processing and decreased activation of negative interpretation during the processing of ambiguous information. Negative emotions can amplify the processing of negative information and subsequent behavioral responses among college students with depressive tendency. Conversely, positive emotions can enhance the positive emotional experiences of these students and alleviate depressive symptoms. Positive interpretation bias training has the potential to enhance an individual’s positive emotional experiences, modify or improve negative cognitive representations, and consequently reduce their susceptibility to depression.

Imagery rescripting commonly seeks to target memories by imagining the intervention of a caregiver. In some cases, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the target imagery may also be episodic future imagery, and a sense of mastery may be more salient than an intervening caregiver. We aimed to compare how varying the target image and rescripting approaches influenced beliefs, emotions, or characteristics of idiopathic imagery relevant to OCD. We recruited 250 online participants high in OCD traits. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, reflecting variations in target image (memory/future) and rescripting approach (attachment/mastery). Self-administered audio-guided exercises were used to elicit the target image and facilitate rescripting. Participants completed a range of measures before and after rescripting. Participants in all groups tended to report changes in self-related beliefs, emotions, and imagery characteristics. In general, these results did not differ between target images or rescripting approaches. However, mastery-based rescripting reduced anxiety associated with episodic future imagery to a greater extent than attachment-based rescripting. These results suggest that the general benefit of modifying emotionally salient imagery tends to outweigh differential effects of varying the target image or rescripting approach. Standardised re-scripting protocols could be varied based on the individual’s needs.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) refers to potential positive outcomes following exposure to trauma and may have been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the mediating role of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) and self-compassion in the relationship between spirituality and PTG. The sample comprised 700 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized during their illness at Hazrat-Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, Iran (395 males, mean age = 52 years, SD = 14, age range = 14–95 years). Data were collected using a questionnaire packet that included the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Structural equation modelling analysis supported the proposed model which indicated that spirituality both directly and indirectly associated with PTG through emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) and self-compassion. To test the indirect effects, bootstrap analysis was conducted with a 95% confidence interval and 5000 sample replacements. The results showed that spirituality influenced PTG through emotion regulation and self-compassion. The findings suggest that attention to these factors is crucial in facilitating the path to PTG.

Sex offenders and non-sexual violent offenders display distinct cognitive distortions that shape their offenses. Some evidence suggests that early maladaptive schemas which reflect individuals’ fundamental cognitions and beliefs, contribute to these cognitive distortions. However, these have not been systematically appraised. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the evidence regarding the schema profiles of sex offenders and non-sexual violent offenders, and to explore differences in schemas between these offender types. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Within the sex offender category, rapists and child sex offenders endorsed similar schemas. For non-sexual violent offenders, schemas related to self-control issues and self-entitlement were most prominent. Sex offenders demonstrated more schemas that endorsed negative perceptions of themselves and others than violent offenders. Findings also suggest that atypical sexual interests and mental disorders may be important. This evidence highlights the need for a more fine-tuned understanding of the cognitive profiles of sexual and non-sexual violent offenders and for developing schema-based offender management and rehabilitation services.

Psychological distress in women represents a critical aspect; however, few studies have comprehensively addressed how health management strategies, consideration of future consequences (CFC), cognitive reappropriation, and self-efficacy may influence this phenomenon, especially in contexts that require a comprehensive approach to women’s mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of future consequence consideration, cognitive reappraisal, and self-efficacy in health management on psychological distress in American women, as well as to demonstrate their equivalence according to age. Data from 2788 women responding to the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, cycle 3 were used. A predictive model was considered using structural equation modeling (SEM). Cognitive reappraisal and self-efficacy in health management (SEHM) have a significant mediating effect between CFC and psychological distress. In addition, the invariance of the SEM model was presented as a function of age. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cognitive components into mental health interventions for women, focusing on modifying thoughts and perceptions about the efficacy of health care to mitigate negative emotions.

Repeated suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for suicide, and anxiety sensitivity has been proposed as one of the individual characteristics that increase such attempts. However, there is a lack of research that explores the underlying mechanism of how anxiety sensitivity is associated with suicide attempts. The present study examined the mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts among psychiatric patients. The moderating effect of gender in this mediating relationship was also investigated. Two hundred twenty-nine patients who visited the psychiatric department at a university hospital in Seoul completed self-report measures and structured clinical interview. Data on demographic characteristics as well as anxiety sensitivity (ASI-3), rumination (RRS), and hopelessness (BHS) were collected. Structured interviews (SCID-5-CV) were also administered to identify their history and frequency of suicide attempts. The results indicated a significant mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts. This association differed by gender, demonstrating a moderated mediation effect. More specifically, the mediation effect was not significant among men. In the case of women, the simple mediation effect of hopelessness was significant (indirect effect = 0.008, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.016]), and the serial mediation effect of rumination and hopelessness was also significant (indirect effect = 0.006, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.012]). The results imply a significant link between hopelessness and suicide attempts, specifically observed in women (interaction effect = 0.081, SE = 0.033, 95% CI [0.015, 0.146]). The present study highlights the prominent role of anxiety sensitivity regarding suicidal risks among patients with mental disorders. Moreover, it is vital to consider both rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, and feelings of hopelessness to understand their repeated suicide attempts better. In addition, this study provides evidence of the importance of gender-specific interventions in suicide prevention measures.

An evidence-based intervention for many psychiatric and health problems, cognitive behavioral therapy originated in the West before being disseminated globally. While Saudi Arabia is unique, in that it is at the heart of the Islamic world, it is similar to most other countries in that mental disorders are common. Nonetheless, few studies have examined cognitive behavioral therapy in Saudi Arabia. In this scoping review, cognitive behavioral therapy training, practice, and research in Saudi Arabia were explored by searching several English and Arabic databases. Various education and training programs were outlined. Moreover, cognitive behavioral therapy practice in Saudi Arabia in public and private settings was discussed. Published studies were grouped by themes into attitudes toward CBT, adaptation, and effectiveness. Recommendations for improvement are also discussed.

Rumination, defined as “repetitive thinking about the symptoms, causes, circumstances, meanings, and consequences of negative mood” (Watkins & Roberts, 2020), is a cognitive vulnerability factor that leads to multiple mental disorders transdiagnostically. Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (RFCBT) is a novel approach of CBT that directly addresses rumination. The effectiveness of RFCBT in the treatment and prevention of depression has been demonstrated through multiple randomized controlled trials, all of which are conducted within Western cultures. Nevertheless, previous studies indicate that the consequences of rumination may differ across cultures. Therefore, cultural adaptation is a key in introducing RFCBT to the Eastern culture. The present article focuses on the endeavors undertaken thus far to introduce RFCBT to Japan, with specific focus on intervention studies and dissemination work. Future directions are discussed to build the evidence-base and promote dissemination within Japan and the Eastern countries.

Dimensional, transdiagnostic models of psychopathology such as RDoC and HiTOP increasingly inform how core and covarying processes are conceptualized in psychopathology diagnoses. It follows that the field may benefit from considering transdiagnostic, dimensional intervention models to promote mental wellness across human experiences. The current study presents Mood Lifters as a programmatic case study of a biopsychosocial-informed treatment approach that targets psychopathology as conceptualized within RDoC and HiTOP frameworks. Mood Lifters is a 15-week, peer-led, group-based program that promotes transdiagnostic mental wellness. This program demonstrates how a single intervention can address psychopathology across various domains highlighted in prominent alternative models to the DSM. With public health and community implementation in mind, the authors hope that this applied conceptualization of a theoretical framework will encourage further development of transdiagnostic, dimensional treatment approaches.