Biosocieties最新文献

英文中文

Conceptualization of genotype–phenotype relationships and the assessment of risk in advertising of direct-to-consumer and preimplantation polygenic tests 基因型-表型关系的概念化和直接面向消费者和植入前多基因检测广告的风险评估

4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00313-y

María Alejandra Petino Zappala, Lucía Ariza, Natacha Salomé Lima

引用次数: 0

Figuring the ‘cynical scientist’ in British animal science: the politics of invisibility 英国动物科学中的“愤世嫉俗的科学家”:隐形政治

4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00312-z

Tarquin Holmes, Carrie Friese

Abstract This paper investigates the ‘cynical scientist’ as a figure in British animal science discourse that developed in relation to the nineteenth-century emergence of the ‘sceptical scientist’. Here, efforts by scientists to demarcate their profession’s territory led to religious backlash against an alleged ‘divorce’ of British science from Christian morality. Animal experimentation became embroiled in this controversy through antivivisectionists’ conviction that animal research was symptomatic of scientific scepticism and Continental atheism’s malign influence. Accusations of cynicism ultimately forced British scientists to accept legal regulation following the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection. British scientists were, however, able to utilise their political leverage and credibility as experts to favourably influence licensing and inspection. We suggest that efforts to silence public claims of scientific cynicism may have enabled ‘cynical scientists’ to remain invisible and that this was marked by privilege and power, not marginality. Nevertheless, we argue that regulation and reforms have also worked to internalise within British animal science the notion that scientific cynicism must be combatted through proper governance and internal discipline.

摘要:本文调查了“愤世嫉俗的科学家”作为英国动物科学话语中的一个人物，该话语与19世纪“怀疑科学家”的出现有关。在这里，科学家划定其职业领域的努力导致了宗教对所谓英国科学与基督教道德“离婚”的强烈反对。由于反活体解剖论者坚信动物研究是科学怀疑主义和欧陆无神论邪恶影响的征兆，动物实验也卷入了这场争论。玩世不恭的指责最终迫使英国科学家接受了1875年皇家活体解剖委员会的法律规定。然而，英国科学家能够利用他们作为专家的政治影响力和信誉，对许可和检查产生有利的影响。我们认为，努力压制公众对科学犬儒主义的主张，可能使“犬儒主义的科学家”保持隐形，这是特权和权力的标志，而不是边缘化。然而，我们认为，监管和改革也在英国动物科学内部形成了一种观念，即必须通过适当的治理和内部纪律来打击科学犬儒主义。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of COVID-19 on imagined reproductive futures COVID-19对想象中的生殖未来的影响

4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00310-1

Charlotte Abel

Abstract Macro-level crises affect individual lives and behaviors. One of COVID-19’s many effects was to disrupt the way people imagined their own and their children’s’ futures or imagined reproductive futures . Using 65 interviews collected between March and July 2020 with mothers who experienced pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period at the onset of COVID-19 in the US, this study examines two elements of reproduction and futurity; first, how the pandemic exacerbated health, economic, racial, and global emergency stressors to create unique reproductive experiences and nuanced imagined reproductive futures. Second, I use Lee Edelman’s concept of reproductive futurism amidst COVID-19 to inquire whether reproduction maintains a compulsory sense of optimism amidst periods of social disruption. I find that despite the various stressors and in addition to the shared disruption of the pandemic, there remains a widespread maternal optimism about reproduction across birthing people with different intersectional social identities. Diverse imaginations of futurity are likely to impact reproductive practices and the meaning-making associated with them; in this research, I use maternal subjectivities to illustrate how narratives and experiences of reproduction are contextual, and offer a distinct avenue toward theoretical analyses of futurity.

宏观危机影响个人的生活和行为。COVID-19的诸多影响之一是扰乱了人们想象自己和孩子未来或想象生育未来的方式。本研究利用2020年3月至7月期间对在美国经历过怀孕、分娩和产后期间的母亲进行的65次访谈，研究了生殖和未来的两个要素;首先，大流行如何加剧健康、经济、种族和全球紧急压力因素，创造独特的生殖体验和微妙的想象生殖未来。其次，我在COVID-19中使用Lee Edelman的生殖未来主义概念来探究生殖是否在社会混乱时期保持一种强制性的乐观意识。我发现，尽管存在各种压力因素，除了大流行的共同破坏之外，产妇对具有不同交叉社会身份的生育人群的生育仍然普遍持乐观态度。对未来的不同想象可能会影响生殖实践以及与之相关的意义建构;在这项研究中，我使用母亲的主观性来说明叙述和生殖经验是如何上下文化的，并为未来的理论分析提供了一个独特的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Foetal programming meets human capital: biological plasticity, development, and the limits to the economization of life 胎儿编程符合人力资本:生物可塑性，发展和限制的经济生活

4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00309-8

Tessa Moll, Maurizio Meloni, Ayuba Issaka

Abstract The disciplinary integration of biology and economy is taking new forms in the postgenomic era, transforming long-standing exchanges between human biology and economics. In this article, we first describe how an emerging area of research in development and health economics has embraced, stabilized, and expanded the emerging field of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). We map the global expansion of this literature particularly in the Global South. Via an analysis of shifting models of health in human capital, we argue that as economists draw on DOHaD theories, their increasing focus on marginalized groups in postcolonial settings produces a darker model of health deficit. Based on notions of accumulated shocks, this model questions the generalizable expansion of the economization of life and speaks to a wider and more sombre range of figures. Health models in economics reflect the double nature of biological and developmental plasticity caught between agency and passivity, change, and near-permanency.

生物学与经济学的学科融合在后基因组时代呈现出新的形式，改变了人类生物学与经济学长期以来的交流。在本文中，我们首先描述了发展和卫生经济学的一个新兴研究领域是如何拥抱、稳定和扩展健康和疾病的发展起源(DOHaD)这一新兴领域的。我们描绘了这种文学的全球扩张，特别是在全球南方。通过对不断变化的人力资本健康模型的分析，我们认为，随着经济学家借鉴DOHaD理论，他们越来越多地关注后殖民环境中的边缘化群体，产生了一个更黑暗的健康赤字模型。基于累积冲击的概念，这个模型质疑了生活经济化的普遍化扩展，并谈到了更广泛和更阴暗的数字范围。经济学中的健康模型反映了介于能动性和被动性、变化性和近永久性之间的生物和发展可塑性的双重性质。

引用次数: 0

Medical markets for imagined futures: the framing of egg freezing on fertility clinic websites in Turkey 想象未来的医疗市场:土耳其生育诊所网站上的卵子冷冻框架

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00311-0

Azer Kılıç

引用次数: 0

Uncertain commodities: egg banking and value in Ukraine 不确定的商品:乌克兰的鸡蛋银行和价值

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00307-w

P. Vlasenko

引用次数: 0

Publisher Correction: Citizenship in times of crisis: biosocial state–citizen relations during COVID-19 in Austria 危机时期的公民身份:奥地利COVID-19期间的生物社会国家-公民关系

4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00306-x

Isabella M. Radhuber, Christian Haddad, Katharina Kieslich, Katharina T. Paul, Barbara Prainsack, Seliem El-Sayed, Lukas Schlogl, Wanda Spahl, Elias Weiss

引用次数: 0

In whose pockets? How small Danish patient organisations balance legitimacy, representation and dependency in collaboration with public sector medical researchers and the life science industry 在谁的口袋里？丹麦小型患者组织如何与公共部门医学研究人员和生命科学行业合作，平衡合法性、代表性和依赖性

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00305-y

C. B. Jacobsen, D. Kristensen, B. Bruun

引用次数: 0

Allostatic load: historical origins, promises and costs of a recent biosocial approach 异静态负荷：最近一种生物社会方法的历史起源、承诺和成本

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00303-0

Thibaut Serviant-Fine, M. Arminjon, Y. Fayet, É. Giroux

引用次数: 0

Citizenship in times of crisis: biosocial state-citizen relations during COVID-19 in Austria. 危机时期的公民身份：新冠肺炎期间奥地利的生物社会国家公民关系。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 Social Sciences

Biosocieties

Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00304-z

Isabella M Radhuber, Christian Haddad, Katharina Kieslich, Katharina T Paul, Barbara Prainsack, Seliem El-Sayed, Lukas Schlogl, Wanda Spahl, Elias Weiss

Drawing upon 152 in-depth qualitative interviews with residents in Austria carried out in the first year of the pandemic, this article discusses how people's experiences with COVID-19 policies reflect and reshape state-citizen relations. Coinciding with a significant government crisis, the first year of COVID-19 in Austria saw pandemic measures justified with reference to a biological, often medical understanding of health that framed disease prevention in terms of transmission reduction, often with reference to metrics such as hospitalisation rates, etc. Instead of using this biomedical frame, our interviewees, however, drew attention to biopsychosocial dimensions of the crisis and problematised the entanglements between economy and health. We call this the emergence of a biosocial notion of citizenship that is attentive to psychological, social and economic dimensions of health. Insights into the biosocial nature of pandemic citizenship open a window of opportunity for addressing long-standing social injustices.

本文根据疫情第一年对奥地利居民进行的152次深入定性采访，讨论了人们对新冠肺炎政策的体验如何反映和重塑国家与公民的关系。在发生重大政府危机的同时，新冠肺炎在奥地利爆发的第一年，根据对健康的生物学、通常是医学理解，大流行措施是合理的，这种理解将疾病预防视为减少传播，通常参考住院率等指标。然而，我们的受访者没有使用这种生物医学框架，引起了人们对危机的生物-心理-社会层面的关注，并使经济和健康之间的纠缠成为问题。我们称之为公民身份的生物社会概念的出现，这种概念关注健康的心理、社会和经济层面。深入了解新冠肺炎公民身份的生物社会性质，为解决长期存在的社会不公正现象打开了机会之窗。

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引用次数: 0

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