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An Integrative Framework for Formal and Informal Entrepreneurship Research in Africa 非洲正式和非正式创业研究的综合框架
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2042102
Richard Adu-Gyamfi, John Kuada, S. Asongu
ABSTRACT It is a well-established practice of many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) governments to aid entrepreneurs within both the formal and informal sectors to enhance their performance and growth. Unfortunately, there is no agreed method by which governments can differentiate between entrepreneurs and target them with the appropriate promotion policies. Thus, despite the good intentions, entrepreneurship policy initiatives have been incorrectly targeted, poorly implemented, and without the desired results, since different entrepreneurs may require different forms of assistance. Some scholars have suggested that without a context-specific classificatory guide, policymakers are unlikely to be accurate in their assessment of the growth capabilities of prospective candidates for specific promotion initiatives and this can explain some of the policy failures. This observation has motivated the present paper. Our objective is to provide a framework that helps identify the different contextual dimensions influencing formal and informal enterprise creation processes in SSA.
摘要:援助正规和非正规部门的企业家,以提高他们的业绩和增长,这是许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家政府的既定做法。不幸的是,政府并没有达成一致的方法来区分企业家,并针对他们制定适当的促进政策。因此,尽管有良好的意愿,但创业政策举措的目标不正确,执行不力,而且没有取得预期的结果,因为不同的创业者可能需要不同形式的援助。一些学者认为,如果没有具体的分类指南,政策制定者对特定晋升举措的潜在候选人的增长能力的评估就不太可能准确,这可以解释一些政策失败的原因。这一观察为本论文提供了动力。我们的目标是提供一个框架,帮助确定影响SSA中正式和非正式企业创建过程的不同背景维度。
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引用次数: 4
Women Micro-entrepreneurship and Social Inclusion: The Moderating Role of Individual Perceptual Factors 女性微观创业与社会包容:个体感知因素的调节作用
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2026099
F. A. Quagrainie, S. Adams, A. Kabalan, Afia Dentaa Dankwa
ABSTRACT Micro-entrepreneurship literature underscores the role of individual perceptual factors in structuring the social inclusion of women while considering the social systems which shape it. However, untangling the way individual perceptual factors relate to the entrepreneurial outcome, remains a challenge, due to the social systems of women. Based on responses of 459 women micro-entrepreneurs operating in Madina, Nungua, and Tema, this paper examines the influence of women micro-entrepreneurship on social inclusion with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure and resilience as moderators. The value of this study lies in providing significant insights on micro-entrepreneurship increasing the probability of women’s social inclusion with a better strengthening of the relationship based on fear of failure and resilience. The study provides some useful academic insights and offers some practical suggestions for improving policy aimed at using women micro-entrepreneurship as a strategy for social inclusion.
摘要:微观创业文献强调了个体感知因素在构建女性社会包容中的作用,同时考虑了形成这种包容的社会制度。然而,由于女性的社会制度,解开个体感知因素与创业结果的关系仍然是一个挑战。基于在麦地那、努瓜和特马运营的459名女性微型企业家的回答,本文以创业自我效能感、对失败的恐惧和韧性为调节因素,考察了女性微型企业家对社会包容的影响。这项研究的价值在于提供了关于微观创业的重要见解,通过更好地加强基于对失败的恐惧和韧性的关系,提高了女性融入社会的可能性。该研究提供了一些有用的学术见解,并为改进旨在将妇女微型创业作为社会包容战略的政策提供了一些实际建议。
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引用次数: 3
The Relationship between CSR and CBBE in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Moderating Role of Customer Perceived Value 撒哈拉以南非洲企业社会责任与企业经营行为的关系:顾客感知价值的调节作用
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.2015835
P. Kodua, Charles Blankson, Swati Panda, Thuy Nguyen, R. Hinson, B. Narteh
ABSTRACT Relying on the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) to better understand sub-Saharan African urban marketplaces, this article puts forward a conceptual framework whose objective is to a) investigate the effect of CSR on multiple dimensions of CBBE and b) investigate the moderating role of customer perceived value (CPV). Survey data are from 501 consumers in Ghana and are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that engaging in CSR unquestionably improves all aspects of brand equity such as brand awareness, brand image, brand quality, and brand loyalty. We also find that the relationship between CSR and CBBE is moderated by CPV across all CSR-CBBE relationship. These findings have important implications for CSR, branding, international business and marketing in the Ghanaian marketplace.
摘要本文借助企业社会责任(CSR)和基于消费者的品牌资产(CBBE)的概念来更好地理解撒哈拉以南非洲城市市场,提出了一个概念框架,其目的是:a)研究企业社会责任对CBBE多个维度的影响,b)研究客户感知价值(CPV)的调节作用。调查数据来自加纳的501名消费者,并使用结构方程模型进行分析。研究结果表明,参与企业社会责任无疑可以提高品牌资产的各个方面,如品牌知名度、品牌形象、品牌质量和品牌忠诚度。我们还发现,在所有CSR-CBBE关系中,CSR和CBBE之间的关系都受到CPV的调节。这些发现对加纳市场的企业社会责任、品牌、国际业务和营销具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 5
Fiscal Incentives and Tax Compliance Behaviour in Industrial Clusters: A Survey of Clusters in South-east Nigeria 产业集群中的财政激励和税收合规行为:对尼日利亚东南部集群的调查
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2031827
Ebele S. Nwokoye, C. Igbanugo, Chukwunonso S. Ekesiobi, S. K. Dimnwobi
ABSTRACT The study investigates the impact of fiscal incentives on the tax compliance behavior of firms in industrial clusters in Nigeria. Data from 800 firms drawn from three industrial clusters in South-East Nigeria were collected using a structured questionnaire through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model were applied to estimate the survey responses. The major findings of the study show that regular tax audit, firm size, simplifying the communication on tax requirement, communicating deterrent messages, educational attainment of the firm owner and political legitimacy of the current government as well as fiscal incentives (tax credit, tax reduction, capital allowance, investment incentives) significantly influence the tax compliance behavior of firms in Nigeria’s industrial clusters. Similarly, the study finds that fiscal incentives significantly enhance firm performance in Nigeria’s industrial clusters. Implications and policy suggestions are presented for adoption by concerned stakeholders in the tax and industrial sectors.
摘要本研究调查了财政激励对尼日利亚产业集群企业纳税行为的影响。来自尼日利亚东南部三个产业集群的800家公司的数据是通过多阶段抽样程序使用结构化问卷收集的。采用描述性统计和逻辑回归模型对调查结果进行估计。研究的主要发现表明,定期税务审计、公司规模、简化税务要求沟通、传达威慑信息、,企业所有者的教育程度、现任政府的政治合法性以及财政激励(税收抵免、减税、资本补贴、投资激励)显著影响尼日利亚产业集群中企业的纳税行为。同样,研究发现,财政激励显著提高了尼日利亚产业集群中的企业绩效。提出了影响和政策建议,供税务和工业部门的相关利益攸关方采用。
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引用次数: 8
Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Agricultural Students in the Republic of Benin 贝宁共和国农业本科学生创业意向调查
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2031584
Rodrigue S. Kaki, D. Mignouna, A. Aoudji, R. Adéoti
ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, where the professional insertion of graduates remains a major challenge, entrepreneurship represents an alternative to youth unemployment. This study investigates the predictors of agribusiness entrepreneurial intentions amongst undergraduate agricultural students in the Republic of Benin. A sample of 351 final year agricultural students was selected from universities. The data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression. The findings showed that 44.16% of respondents were willing to start their own agribusiness venture after graduation with a preference for agro-processing enterprises (35.48%) and crop production enterprises (26.45%). The significant factors that influence agricultural students’ entrepreneurial intention in agribusiness were age, their major field of study, type of university attended, previous experience in agribusiness, a role model as a friend, and perception of agribusiness environment. The study suggests the establishment of clubs for agribusiness entrepreneurship in agricultural faculties and universities; showcasing of young entrepreneurs in agribusiness through national competitions, and events, such as “Agri-Enterprise Week” at universities, inviting young agribusiness entrepreneurs to share their experiences with the students in the next generation as guests lecturer; and the creation by the government of a conducive agribusiness environment for youth graduates. In the light of these insights, several paths for future research emerge.
在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,毕业生的专业插入仍然是一个重大挑战,创业代表了青年失业的另一种选择。本研究调查了贝宁共和国农业本科学生的农业企业创业意向的预测因素。本研究选取了351名来自各所大学的农业专业毕业班学生。采用结构化问卷收集数据,采用描述性统计和二元逻辑回归进行分析。调查结果显示,44.16%的受访者愿意在毕业后自主创业,其中农产品加工企业(35.48%)和农作物生产企业(26.45%)的比例最高。影响农业学生创业意向的显著因素为年龄、主修领域、就读大学类型、过往农业创业经历、朋友的榜样和对农业创业环境的感知。研究建议在农业院系和大学建立农业企业创业俱乐部;通过全国性的比赛和活动,例如在大学举办的“农业企业周”,邀请年轻的农业企业企业家作为客座讲师与下一代学生分享他们的经验;政府为青年毕业生创造有利的农业综合企业环境。根据这些见解,未来研究的几个路径出现了。
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引用次数: 4
Corruption-Induced Inhibitions to Business: What Business Leaders Have to Say in Ghana 腐败对商业的抑制:加纳商界领袖的话
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.2018226
J. Bawole, Z. Langnel
ABSTRACT The paper examines how corruption-induced inhibitions influence business-related corruption from the perspectives of business leaders in Ghana. Data were collected through focus group discussion with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of multi-national and local companies operating in Ghana. The findings show that business leaders encounter multiple regulatory agencies with duplicated and overlapping functions, multiple charges for virtually the same and duplicated services, multiple law enforcement agencies also performing regulatory functions at the Ports of entry, inadequate information on processes and costs of services, and inadequate channels for reporting corrupt activities in Ghana. The paper argues that these challenges trigger corruption-induced inhibitors which in turn, negatively affect the growth of the private-sector in Ghana.
摘要本文从加纳商界领袖的角度考察了腐败引发的抑制对商业相关腐败的影响。数据是通过与在加纳运营的跨国和当地公司的首席执行官进行焦点小组讨论收集的。调查结果显示,商界领袖遇到了多个职能重复和重叠的监管机构,对几乎相同和重复的服务收取多项费用,多个执法机构也在入境口岸履行监管职能,有关服务流程和成本的信息不足,报告加纳腐败活动的渠道不足。该论文认为,这些挑战会引发腐败引发的抑制因素,进而对加纳私营部门的增长产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 4
Contextualizing Organizational Change Management in Africa: Incorporating the Core Values of Ubuntu 非洲组织变革管理的情境化:融入Ubuntu的核心价值观
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.1984817
M. Mangaliso, Nomazengele A. Mangaliso, L. Ndanga, Howard Jean-Denis
ABSTRACT Most of the business models and theories available to assist organizations in adapting their strategies to today’s dynamic business environment are based on the Anglo-Saxon worldview. Yet most scholars acknowledge that these theories have limited application in cultures outside of the Anglo-Saxon world. There is a dearth of research that infuses Western conceived theories of management with indigenous ontologies. To close this gap, this paper discusses managing change from an African perspective with specific reference to sub-Saharan Africa. It utilizes the philosophy Ubuntu that pervades the subcontinent as the bedrock on which change management can be anchored, asserting that embracing the Ubuntu values offers the best outcomes for managing organizations in Africa. Using Kurt Lewin’s change management model, the paper shows how incorporating the indigenous ontologies based on ubuntu in its execution can lead to sustainable change management in the sub-continent.
大多数商业模式和理论都是基于盎格鲁-撒克逊人的世界观来帮助组织适应当今动态的商业环境。然而,大多数学者承认,这些理论在盎格鲁-撒克逊世界以外的文化中应用有限。将西方构想的管理理论与本土本体论相结合的研究非常缺乏。为了缩小这一差距,本文从非洲的角度讨论了管理变化,具体涉及撒哈拉以南非洲。它利用遍及次大陆的Ubuntu哲学作为变革管理可以锚定的基石,声称拥抱Ubuntu价值观为管理非洲的组织提供了最好的结果。利用Kurt Lewin的变更管理模型,本文展示了如何在执行中结合基于ubuntu的本地本体可以导致次大陆的可持续变更管理。
{"title":"Contextualizing Organizational Change Management in Africa: Incorporating the Core Values of Ubuntu","authors":"M. Mangaliso, Nomazengele A. Mangaliso, L. Ndanga, Howard Jean-Denis","doi":"10.1080/15228916.2021.1984817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1984817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most of the business models and theories available to assist organizations in adapting their strategies to today’s dynamic business environment are based on the Anglo-Saxon worldview. Yet most scholars acknowledge that these theories have limited application in cultures outside of the Anglo-Saxon world. There is a dearth of research that infuses Western conceived theories of management with indigenous ontologies. To close this gap, this paper discusses managing change from an African perspective with specific reference to sub-Saharan Africa. It utilizes the philosophy Ubuntu that pervades the subcontinent as the bedrock on which change management can be anchored, asserting that embracing the Ubuntu values offers the best outcomes for managing organizations in Africa. Using Kurt Lewin’s change management model, the paper shows how incorporating the indigenous ontologies based on ubuntu in its execution can lead to sustainable change management in the sub-continent.","PeriodicalId":46981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Business","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44747936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Political Instability, Corruption and Enterprise Performance Nexus: Lessons and Policy Implications for Some Selected African Countries 政治不稳定、腐败与企业绩效的关系:对一些非洲国家的经验教训和政策启示
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.1962156
M. D. Watabaji, Arega Shumetie
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the interactions among political instability, corruption and enterprise performance in some selected African countries. Survey data collected by the World Bank from 5,780 enterprises in 2013 and 3,616 enterprises in 2016 from some 18 African countries were used for this study. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed for data analysis. We found that covariates such as corruption, power outage, budget and time allotted for R&D, participation in foreign markets, and provision of formal training to employees showed greasing effects on the wheels of enterprise performance in Africa, due to poor functioning of the institutions. On the other hand, political instability and being confined to domestic markets have mediating sanding effects on enterprise performance. The originality and relevance of this study are based on its novelty to establishing a nexus among corruption, political instability and enterprise performance in African context based on survey data collected from 18 African countries and thus providing a new insight on the causal relationships among these key variables.
摘要本研究的目的是调查一些选定的非洲国家的政治不稳定、腐败和企业绩效之间的相互作用。本研究使用了世界银行2013年从约18个非洲国家的5780家企业和2016年从3616家企业收集的调查数据。数据分析采用描述性统计和计量经济学模型。我们发现,腐败、停电、分配给研发的预算和时间、参与外国市场以及为员工提供正式培训等协变量,由于机构运作不佳,对非洲企业绩效的车轮产生了润滑作用。另一方面,政治不稳定和局限于国内市场对企业业绩产生了中介作用。这项研究的独创性和相关性是基于其新颖性,即根据从18个非洲国家收集的调查数据,在非洲背景下建立腐败、政治不稳定和企业绩效之间的联系,从而对这些关键变量之间的因果关系提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 4
Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and Employee Performance in Public Sector Organizations in Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis in Ghana 非洲公共部门组织的变革性和交易性领导风格与员工绩效:加纳的综合分析
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.1969191
Francis Donkor, Isaac Sekyere, Frank Akwasi Oduro
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological mechanisms that cause the influence of transformational and transactional leadership on employee performance. Based on employee stewardship theory (EST) and social exchange theory (SET), an organizational commitment was selected as a perfect moderating variable to conduct the study. The data were collected from sixteen (16) organizations in the public sector of Ghana, consisting of 330 full-time employees. The results indicate that organizational commitment positively moderates transformational leadership while transactional leadership does not. We realized that when transformational leadership is high, organizational commitment goes up, thereby increasing employee performance. On the other hand, when transactional leadership goes up, organizational commitment decreases, causing employees performance to dwindle. Therefore, transactional leaders should augment their approach with transformational leadership to increase employee performance. This research offers practical implications relevant to provide strategies for leaders to PSOs to influence employees to perform beyond the limit.
摘要本研究旨在探讨变革型领导和交易型领导对员工绩效影响的心理机制。基于员工管理理论(EST)和社会交换理论(SET),选择组织承诺作为完美的调节变量进行研究。这些数据是从加纳公共部门的16个组织中收集的,包括330名全职员工。结果表明,组织承诺对变革型领导有正向调节作用,而对交易型领导没有正向调节作用。我们意识到,当变革型领导水平高时,组织承诺会上升,从而提高员工绩效。另一方面,当交易型领导上升时,组织承诺降低,导致员工绩效下降。因此,交易型领导者应该用变革型领导来增加他们的方法,以提高员工的绩效。本研究提供了相关的现实意义,为领导者提供策略,以影响员工超越极限的表现。
{"title":"Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and Employee Performance in Public Sector Organizations in Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis in Ghana","authors":"Francis Donkor, Isaac Sekyere, Frank Akwasi Oduro","doi":"10.1080/15228916.2021.1969191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1969191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological mechanisms that cause the influence of transformational and transactional leadership on employee performance. Based on employee stewardship theory (EST) and social exchange theory (SET), an organizational commitment was selected as a perfect moderating variable to conduct the study. The data were collected from sixteen (16) organizations in the public sector of Ghana, consisting of 330 full-time employees. The results indicate that organizational commitment positively moderates transformational leadership while transactional leadership does not. We realized that when transformational leadership is high, organizational commitment goes up, thereby increasing employee performance. On the other hand, when transactional leadership goes up, organizational commitment decreases, causing employees performance to dwindle. Therefore, transactional leaders should augment their approach with transformational leadership to increase employee performance. This research offers practical implications relevant to provide strategies for leaders to PSOs to influence employees to perform beyond the limit.","PeriodicalId":46981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Business","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
On Exchange Rate Predictability and Adaptive Market Hypothesis in South Africa 南非汇率可预见性与适应性市场假说
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.1975488
George Tweneboah, M. Asamoah, Peterson Owusu Junior
ABSTRACT This study sets out to explore the predictability of global foreign exchange rates vis-à-vis the South African rand using daily nominal exchange rates from January 2010 to February 2018. The estimation techniques include automatic portmanteau test, wild bootstrap variance ratio test, Dominguez–Lobato test for martingale difference hypothesis, and generalized spectral tests. We investigate the time-varying predictability by employing the fixed-length rolling window approach. The full sample results indicate significant predictability of some exchange rates while some suggest no predictability. The rolling window approach established that all the foreign exchange markets go through episodes of significant predictability and episodes of unpredictability. The currency investment space is dynamic and that makes it imperative for market participants to be adaptable.
本研究旨在利用2010年1月至2018年2月的每日名义汇率,探讨全球外汇汇率对-à-vis南非兰特的可预测性。估计技术包括自动组合检验、野自举方差比检验、鞅差分假设的Dominguez-Lobato检验和广义谱检验。我们采用定长滚动窗方法研究时变的可预测性。完整的样本结果表明,一些汇率具有显著的可预测性,而另一些则没有可预测性。滚动窗口方法表明,所有外汇市场都经历了重大可预测性和不可预测性的时期。货币投资空间是动态的,因此市场参与者必须具备适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of African Business
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