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Motivations and Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship: Insights from Morocco 女性创业动机与障碍——来自摩洛哥的启示
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2053400
Rabia Naguib
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引用次数: 12
Foreign Direct Investment and Firm Value: Evidence from Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa 外国直接投资与企业价值:来自撒哈拉以南非洲国家的证据
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2042079
Joseph Dery Nyeadi
ABSTRACT The study investigates empirically the impact of foreign direct investment inflows to firms on firm value in South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana using listed firms. In order to control for any possible endogenity problems in the model, the study adopts a robust System Generalized Method of Moments to investigate the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and firm value (measured using Tobin’s Q and ROA) from the period of 2008 to 2019. From the findings, it is established that FDI has a positive significant impact on firm value in all the three countries (South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana). This positive relationship between FDI and firm value in the selected countries can be attributed to; technological transfer, managerial transfer, innovation transfer and skills transfer in favor of the host firms through inflows of FDI. This study does not only serve as a reference work for subsequent investigations into the impact of FDI on firm value in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it also serves as a guide to policy makers on the impact of FDI inflows to firm value in the region. It is one of the pioneering works that comprehensively examines the effect of FDI inflow on firm value among firms in Sub-Saharan African and also controls for endogeneity effects in the panel set.
摘要本研究利用上市公司实证研究了外国直接投资流入南非、尼日利亚和加纳企业对企业价值的影响。为了控制模型中可能存在的内生问题,本研究采用稳健的系统广义矩方法研究了2008-2019年期间外国直接投资(FDI)与企业价值(使用托宾Q和ROA衡量)之间的关系。研究结果表明,外国直接投资对这三个国家(南非、尼日利亚和加纳)的企业价值都有积极的重大影响。外国直接投资与选定国家的企业价值之间的这种积极关系可归因于:;通过外国直接投资流入有利于东道国企业的技术转让、管理转让、创新转让和技能转让。这项研究不仅为随后调查外国直接投资对撒哈拉以南非洲企业价值的影响提供了参考,而且也为决策者提供了外国直接投资流入对该地区企业价值影响的指导。这是全面研究撒哈拉以南非洲地区企业外国直接投资流入对企业价值影响的开创性工作之一,并控制了面板集中的内生性效应。
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引用次数: 1
Marketing for Survival: The Survivalist Promotional Mix of Informal Clothing Manufacturing Micro-enterprises 生存营销:非正式服装制造微型企业的生存主义促销组合
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2038495
Mariette Strydom, Elizabeth Kempen, T. Tselepis
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the promotional activities embraced by informal clothing manufacturing micro-enterprises (CMMEs) in the informal economy of an emerging market. Informal micro-enterprises are both income and job-generating alternatives for unemployed people in South Africa’s townships. Recent research has highlighted the need to develop unique marketing strategies to address challenges in emerging markets and help CMMEs realize their true potential. A qualitative case study, which included personal interviews with 13 CMME owners and observations at a workshop with five participating CMMEs, was undertaken at a business incubation hub. The findings from this study suggested the prevalence of opportunistic self-started promotional activities and assisted promotional activities. CMMEs selectively embrace some of the methods and activities contained in the conventional, innovational and fashion entrepreneur promotional mix strategies. The opportunistic use of promotional methods resulted in the survivalist promotional mix particular to the informal CMME in an African context. This paper makes a theoretical contribution to the knowledge base of marketing literature within the informal economy context, and literature about informal clothing micro businesses.
摘要本文旨在调查新兴市场非正规经济中非正规服装制造微型企业的促销活动。非正规微型企业是南非城镇失业人员的收入和就业选择。最近的研究强调了制定独特营销策略的必要性,以应对新兴市场的挑战,并帮助CMME实现其真正的潜力。在一个企业孵化中心进行了一项定性案例研究,其中包括对13名CMME所有者的个人访谈,以及对5名参与CMME的研讨会的观察。这项研究的结果表明,机会主义自我启动的促销活动和辅助促销活动的普遍性。CMME有选择地采用传统、创新和时尚企业家推广组合策略中包含的一些方法和活动。促销方法的机会主义使用导致了非洲背景下非正式CMME特有的生存主义促销组合。本文对非正规经济背景下的营销文献和非正规服装微企业文献的知识库做出了理论贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Emotion and Calculative Self-Interest in Trust Perception:Case of the Dairy Value Chain 情感和计算自我利益在信任感知中的作用——以乳制品价值链为例
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2039862
Dalel Ayari, G. Boulila
ABSTRACT Trust among actors plays an important role in contracting decisions and cooperative membership. There is, however, a concern to understand trust development and the determinants of trust perception. In this paper, trust perception is explained by emotions and calculative self-interest along with other predictors, namely transaction costs in the value chain exchange. We assume that emotional non-calculative trust and calculative self-interest are both present in local rural economies, making this context appropriate to test our hypothesis regarding the importance of emotional links in networking and contracting along the value chain. We used a sample of breeders in a local community to construct the emotional non-calculative self-interest and the calculative self-interest components and investigated how these two indicators contribute to generate trust perception. In addition, transaction costs related to opportunism, uncertainty and, dependency have strong effect on trust perception. The results provide support that emotional non-calculative self-interest fosters trust perception; despite opportunistic behavior and distrust, breeders are able to build trusty links using close relationships. Smallholder dairy farmers could use existing social networks to control high transaction costs, to foster trust and institute sustainable contracts as a way to coordinate transactions.
参与者之间的信任在合同决策和合作社成员资格方面发挥着重要作用。然而,人们对理解信任发展和信任感知的决定因素感到担忧。在本文中,信任感知由情感和计算的自身利益以及其他预测因素来解释,即价值链交换中的交易成本。我们假设,情感上的非计算性信任和计算性的利己主义都存在于当地农村经济中,这使得这一背景适合检验我们关于情感联系在价值链上的网络和契约中的重要性的假设。我们使用当地社区的饲养者样本来构建情感非计算性利己主义和计算性利己性成分,并调查这两个指标如何有助于产生信任感知。此外,与机会主义、不确定性和依赖性相关的交易成本对信任感知有很强的影响。研究结果表明,情感上的非计算私利会促进信任感知;尽管有投机取巧的行为和不信任,饲养员还是能够通过亲密的关系建立起可靠的联系。小型奶农可以利用现有的社交网络来控制高昂的交易成本,培养信任,并制定可持续的合同作为协调交易的一种方式。
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引用次数: 0
An Integrative Framework for Formal and Informal Entrepreneurship Research in Africa 非洲正式和非正式创业研究的综合框架
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2042102
Richard Adu-Gyamfi, John Kuada, S. Asongu
ABSTRACT It is a well-established practice of many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) governments to aid entrepreneurs within both the formal and informal sectors to enhance their performance and growth. Unfortunately, there is no agreed method by which governments can differentiate between entrepreneurs and target them with the appropriate promotion policies. Thus, despite the good intentions, entrepreneurship policy initiatives have been incorrectly targeted, poorly implemented, and without the desired results, since different entrepreneurs may require different forms of assistance. Some scholars have suggested that without a context-specific classificatory guide, policymakers are unlikely to be accurate in their assessment of the growth capabilities of prospective candidates for specific promotion initiatives and this can explain some of the policy failures. This observation has motivated the present paper. Our objective is to provide a framework that helps identify the different contextual dimensions influencing formal and informal enterprise creation processes in SSA.
摘要:援助正规和非正规部门的企业家,以提高他们的业绩和增长,这是许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家政府的既定做法。不幸的是,政府并没有达成一致的方法来区分企业家,并针对他们制定适当的促进政策。因此,尽管有良好的意愿,但创业政策举措的目标不正确,执行不力,而且没有取得预期的结果,因为不同的创业者可能需要不同形式的援助。一些学者认为,如果没有具体的分类指南,政策制定者对特定晋升举措的潜在候选人的增长能力的评估就不太可能准确,这可以解释一些政策失败的原因。这一观察为本论文提供了动力。我们的目标是提供一个框架,帮助确定影响SSA中正式和非正式企业创建过程的不同背景维度。
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引用次数: 4
Women Micro-entrepreneurship and Social Inclusion: The Moderating Role of Individual Perceptual Factors 女性微观创业与社会包容:个体感知因素的调节作用
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2026099
F. A. Quagrainie, S. Adams, A. Kabalan, Afia Dentaa Dankwa
ABSTRACT Micro-entrepreneurship literature underscores the role of individual perceptual factors in structuring the social inclusion of women while considering the social systems which shape it. However, untangling the way individual perceptual factors relate to the entrepreneurial outcome, remains a challenge, due to the social systems of women. Based on responses of 459 women micro-entrepreneurs operating in Madina, Nungua, and Tema, this paper examines the influence of women micro-entrepreneurship on social inclusion with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure and resilience as moderators. The value of this study lies in providing significant insights on micro-entrepreneurship increasing the probability of women’s social inclusion with a better strengthening of the relationship based on fear of failure and resilience. The study provides some useful academic insights and offers some practical suggestions for improving policy aimed at using women micro-entrepreneurship as a strategy for social inclusion.
摘要:微观创业文献强调了个体感知因素在构建女性社会包容中的作用,同时考虑了形成这种包容的社会制度。然而,由于女性的社会制度,解开个体感知因素与创业结果的关系仍然是一个挑战。基于在麦地那、努瓜和特马运营的459名女性微型企业家的回答,本文以创业自我效能感、对失败的恐惧和韧性为调节因素,考察了女性微型企业家对社会包容的影响。这项研究的价值在于提供了关于微观创业的重要见解,通过更好地加强基于对失败的恐惧和韧性的关系,提高了女性融入社会的可能性。该研究提供了一些有用的学术见解,并为改进旨在将妇女微型创业作为社会包容战略的政策提供了一些实际建议。
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引用次数: 3
The Relationship between CSR and CBBE in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Moderating Role of Customer Perceived Value 撒哈拉以南非洲企业社会责任与企业经营行为的关系:顾客感知价值的调节作用
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.2015835
P. Kodua, Charles Blankson, Swati Panda, Thuy Nguyen, R. Hinson, B. Narteh
ABSTRACT Relying on the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) to better understand sub-Saharan African urban marketplaces, this article puts forward a conceptual framework whose objective is to a) investigate the effect of CSR on multiple dimensions of CBBE and b) investigate the moderating role of customer perceived value (CPV). Survey data are from 501 consumers in Ghana and are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that engaging in CSR unquestionably improves all aspects of brand equity such as brand awareness, brand image, brand quality, and brand loyalty. We also find that the relationship between CSR and CBBE is moderated by CPV across all CSR-CBBE relationship. These findings have important implications for CSR, branding, international business and marketing in the Ghanaian marketplace.
摘要本文借助企业社会责任(CSR)和基于消费者的品牌资产(CBBE)的概念来更好地理解撒哈拉以南非洲城市市场,提出了一个概念框架,其目的是:a)研究企业社会责任对CBBE多个维度的影响,b)研究客户感知价值(CPV)的调节作用。调查数据来自加纳的501名消费者,并使用结构方程模型进行分析。研究结果表明,参与企业社会责任无疑可以提高品牌资产的各个方面,如品牌知名度、品牌形象、品牌质量和品牌忠诚度。我们还发现,在所有CSR-CBBE关系中,CSR和CBBE之间的关系都受到CPV的调节。这些发现对加纳市场的企业社会责任、品牌、国际业务和营销具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 5
Fiscal Incentives and Tax Compliance Behaviour in Industrial Clusters: A Survey of Clusters in South-east Nigeria 产业集群中的财政激励和税收合规行为:对尼日利亚东南部集群的调查
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2031827
Ebele S. Nwokoye, C. Igbanugo, Chukwunonso S. Ekesiobi, S. K. Dimnwobi
ABSTRACT The study investigates the impact of fiscal incentives on the tax compliance behavior of firms in industrial clusters in Nigeria. Data from 800 firms drawn from three industrial clusters in South-East Nigeria were collected using a structured questionnaire through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model were applied to estimate the survey responses. The major findings of the study show that regular tax audit, firm size, simplifying the communication on tax requirement, communicating deterrent messages, educational attainment of the firm owner and political legitimacy of the current government as well as fiscal incentives (tax credit, tax reduction, capital allowance, investment incentives) significantly influence the tax compliance behavior of firms in Nigeria’s industrial clusters. Similarly, the study finds that fiscal incentives significantly enhance firm performance in Nigeria’s industrial clusters. Implications and policy suggestions are presented for adoption by concerned stakeholders in the tax and industrial sectors.
摘要本研究调查了财政激励对尼日利亚产业集群企业纳税行为的影响。来自尼日利亚东南部三个产业集群的800家公司的数据是通过多阶段抽样程序使用结构化问卷收集的。采用描述性统计和逻辑回归模型对调查结果进行估计。研究的主要发现表明,定期税务审计、公司规模、简化税务要求沟通、传达威慑信息、,企业所有者的教育程度、现任政府的政治合法性以及财政激励(税收抵免、减税、资本补贴、投资激励)显著影响尼日利亚产业集群中企业的纳税行为。同样,研究发现,财政激励显著提高了尼日利亚产业集群中的企业绩效。提出了影响和政策建议,供税务和工业部门的相关利益攸关方采用。
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引用次数: 8
Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Agricultural Students in the Republic of Benin 贝宁共和国农业本科学生创业意向调查
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2022.2031584
Rodrigue S. Kaki, D. Mignouna, A. Aoudji, R. Adéoti
ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, where the professional insertion of graduates remains a major challenge, entrepreneurship represents an alternative to youth unemployment. This study investigates the predictors of agribusiness entrepreneurial intentions amongst undergraduate agricultural students in the Republic of Benin. A sample of 351 final year agricultural students was selected from universities. The data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression. The findings showed that 44.16% of respondents were willing to start their own agribusiness venture after graduation with a preference for agro-processing enterprises (35.48%) and crop production enterprises (26.45%). The significant factors that influence agricultural students’ entrepreneurial intention in agribusiness were age, their major field of study, type of university attended, previous experience in agribusiness, a role model as a friend, and perception of agribusiness environment. The study suggests the establishment of clubs for agribusiness entrepreneurship in agricultural faculties and universities; showcasing of young entrepreneurs in agribusiness through national competitions, and events, such as “Agri-Enterprise Week” at universities, inviting young agribusiness entrepreneurs to share their experiences with the students in the next generation as guests lecturer; and the creation by the government of a conducive agribusiness environment for youth graduates. In the light of these insights, several paths for future research emerge.
在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,毕业生的专业插入仍然是一个重大挑战,创业代表了青年失业的另一种选择。本研究调查了贝宁共和国农业本科学生的农业企业创业意向的预测因素。本研究选取了351名来自各所大学的农业专业毕业班学生。采用结构化问卷收集数据,采用描述性统计和二元逻辑回归进行分析。调查结果显示,44.16%的受访者愿意在毕业后自主创业,其中农产品加工企业(35.48%)和农作物生产企业(26.45%)的比例最高。影响农业学生创业意向的显著因素为年龄、主修领域、就读大学类型、过往农业创业经历、朋友的榜样和对农业创业环境的感知。研究建议在农业院系和大学建立农业企业创业俱乐部;通过全国性的比赛和活动,例如在大学举办的“农业企业周”,邀请年轻的农业企业企业家作为客座讲师与下一代学生分享他们的经验;政府为青年毕业生创造有利的农业综合企业环境。根据这些见解,未来研究的几个路径出现了。
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引用次数: 4
Corruption-Induced Inhibitions to Business: What Business Leaders Have to Say in Ghana 腐败对商业的抑制:加纳商界领袖的话
IF 1.9 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2021.2018226
J. Bawole, Z. Langnel
ABSTRACT The paper examines how corruption-induced inhibitions influence business-related corruption from the perspectives of business leaders in Ghana. Data were collected through focus group discussion with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of multi-national and local companies operating in Ghana. The findings show that business leaders encounter multiple regulatory agencies with duplicated and overlapping functions, multiple charges for virtually the same and duplicated services, multiple law enforcement agencies also performing regulatory functions at the Ports of entry, inadequate information on processes and costs of services, and inadequate channels for reporting corrupt activities in Ghana. The paper argues that these challenges trigger corruption-induced inhibitors which in turn, negatively affect the growth of the private-sector in Ghana.
摘要本文从加纳商界领袖的角度考察了腐败引发的抑制对商业相关腐败的影响。数据是通过与在加纳运营的跨国和当地公司的首席执行官进行焦点小组讨论收集的。调查结果显示,商界领袖遇到了多个职能重复和重叠的监管机构,对几乎相同和重复的服务收取多项费用,多个执法机构也在入境口岸履行监管职能,有关服务流程和成本的信息不足,报告加纳腐败活动的渠道不足。该论文认为,这些挑战会引发腐败引发的抑制因素,进而对加纳私营部门的增长产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of African Business
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