A rapidly expanding area of marine space in the Pacific is being assessed under a process known as Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Through the political process, MSP brings together an assemblage of national governments, private organizations and local communities to define how marine spaces should be governed. MSP results in numerous new marine spatial categories that delimit an area according to the respective principals and rules decided upon. The authors of this article argue that traditional powers to make and enforce decisions concerning the governance of marine spaces have been weakened through the political process of MSP in the Pacific. The responses that emerged from conducting qualitative semi‐structured interviews with participants in Fiji and the Cook Islands indicate that indigenous marine authority is being undermined through manipulation of the MSP process. The findings further revealed an underlying recognition that the MSP process has proven to be incapable of equitably weighing indigenous Pacific Islanders’ interests in relation to the economic, environmental and security interests of external ocean stakeholders. The authors further argue that external ocean stakeholders can successfully pursue their own objectives through the MSP process in ways that bypass indigenous authority.
{"title":"Marine Spatial Planning and the loss of traditional power in Fiji and the Cook Islands","authors":"Roxane de Waegh, Nathaniel Wilson, Lucas Watt","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12564","url":null,"abstract":"A rapidly expanding area of marine space in the Pacific is being assessed under a process known as Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Through the political process, MSP brings together an assemblage of national governments, private organizations and local communities to define how marine spaces should be governed. MSP results in numerous new marine spatial categories that delimit an area according to the respective principals and rules decided upon. The authors of this article argue that traditional powers to make and enforce decisions concerning the governance of marine spaces have been weakened through the political process of MSP in the Pacific. The responses that emerged from conducting qualitative semi‐structured interviews with participants in Fiji and the Cook Islands indicate that indigenous marine authority is being undermined through manipulation of the MSP process. The findings further revealed an underlying recognition that the MSP process has proven to be incapable of equitably weighing indigenous Pacific Islanders’ interests in relation to the economic, environmental and security interests of external ocean stakeholders. The authors further argue that external ocean stakeholders can successfully pursue their own objectives through the MSP process in ways that bypass indigenous authority.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Streets in Motion: The Making of Infrastructure, Property, and Political Culture in Twentieth‐century Calcutta. Ritajyoti Bandyopadhyay. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2022, pp. xiv + 305. ISBN 978‐1‐009‐10011‐3 (hbk).","authors":"Kamalika Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mongkon Thongchaithanawut, Marion Borderon, Patrick Sakdapolrak
In recognition of the complex and context‐specific interplay between environmental change and human mobility, regionally focused systematic reviews have been acknowledged as very valuable. No such review exists for Southeast Asia (SEA), despite being a region that is significantly shaped by human mobility and a hotspot of environmental change. In this article, we aim to close the gap by systematizing the empirical literature on the causes and consequences of human mobility in the context of environmental change in SEA. The review is based on 63 scientific publications derived from the CliMig database and supplemented by additional backward and author‐citation search methods. The empirical evidence from SEA reveals several overarching themes that are consistent with global trends in the environment‐mobility nexus. In particular, we highlight the importance of remittances—both financial and social—as key mechanisms that facilitate adaptation to environmental uncertainty. We also identify several specific areas of research that require further investigation in the context of SEA, including the conditions faced by migrants in destination areas and the dual‐nature impacts of remittances on both the household and the migrant's perspective.
{"title":"Regional evidence of environmental mobility in Southeast Asia: A systematic review of the empirical evidence","authors":"Mongkon Thongchaithanawut, Marion Borderon, Patrick Sakdapolrak","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12562","url":null,"abstract":"In recognition of the complex and context‐specific interplay between environmental change and human mobility, regionally focused systematic reviews have been acknowledged as very valuable. No such review exists for Southeast Asia (SEA), despite being a region that is significantly shaped by human mobility and a hotspot of environmental change. In this article, we aim to close the gap by systematizing the empirical literature on the causes and consequences of human mobility in the context of environmental change in SEA. The review is based on 63 scientific publications derived from the CliMig database and supplemented by additional backward and author‐citation search methods. The empirical evidence from SEA reveals several overarching themes that are consistent with global trends in the environment‐mobility nexus. In particular, we highlight the importance of remittances—both financial and social—as key mechanisms that facilitate adaptation to environmental uncertainty. We also identify several specific areas of research that require further investigation in the context of SEA, including the conditions faced by migrants in destination areas and the dual‐nature impacts of remittances on both the household and the migrant's perspective.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing from an analysis of the processes of migration and governance, this paper documents the suburban dynamics of Dankuni—an industrial town located on the western periphery of Kolkata. While in the last few decades, a significant portion of suburban Kolkata has witnessed economic and demographic stagnation or decline, Dankuni has grown by attracting migrants mostly from nearby suburban towns/cities rather than from the city core or distant rural areas. The town also has a robust industrial foundation which provides gainful employment to the majority of its working residents underscoring their independence from the central city for livelihoods. Although the town's growth is driven by the sustained flow of migrants, they are unevenly distributed as majority of them prefer to settle in the inner part of the town where civic infrastructure and communication facilities are better than those in other parts of town. However, over time, especially since the establishment of the municipality in 2008, property prices swiftly escalated in this most sought‐after zone. Consequently, lower‐income migrant households have filtered out to the outer parts of the town. This spatial filtering has increasingly fragmented the suburban landscape. This splintering effect has been reinforced by the municipality's inclination to prioritize relatively affluent inner city neighbourhoods when it comes to the provision of basic amenities and civic infrastructure.
{"title":"Suburban dynamics: A study of migration and governance in suburban Kolkata","authors":"Riya Bhattacharya, Debarshi Guin","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12560","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from an analysis of the processes of migration and governance, this paper documents the suburban dynamics of Dankuni—an industrial town located on the western periphery of Kolkata. While in the last few decades, a significant portion of suburban Kolkata has witnessed economic and demographic stagnation or decline, Dankuni has grown by attracting migrants mostly from nearby suburban towns/cities rather than from the city core or distant rural areas. The town also has a robust industrial foundation which provides gainful employment to the majority of its working residents underscoring their independence from the central city for livelihoods. Although the town's growth is driven by the sustained flow of migrants, they are unevenly distributed as majority of them prefer to settle in the inner part of the town where civic infrastructure and communication facilities are better than those in other parts of town. However, over time, especially since the establishment of the municipality in 2008, property prices swiftly escalated in this most sought‐after zone. Consequently, lower‐income migrant households have filtered out to the outer parts of the town. This spatial filtering has increasingly fragmented the suburban landscape. This splintering effect has been reinforced by the municipality's inclination to prioritize relatively affluent inner city neighbourhoods when it comes to the provision of basic amenities and civic infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vernacular Politics in Northeast India: Democracy, Ethnicity, and Indigeneity. JelleJ.P. Wouters (ed). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2022, pp. xi + 413. ISBN 978‐0‐192‐86346‐1 (hbk).","authors":"Balawansuk Lynrah","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Moluccan islands of eastern Indonesia (Maluku) were amongst the last frontiers to be opened‐up for large‐scale resource extraction and economic development in modern times. The interventions of organized conservation science and local conservation activity are also recent. Yet the area has a complex economic history and historical ecology linked to the spice trade, which itself prompted early scholarly interest in its natural history. Conservation practice since 1980 is shown to be deeply embedded in local political events and cultural contexts, exhibiting a diversity of institutional forms and a 'cacophony' of community voices. We conclude that conservation research and interventions need to pay more attention to historical ecologies, biocultural linkages and distinctively local patterns of conservation activity.
{"title":"Multivocal responses to conservation in Maluku province, Indonesia: Biocultural diversity, protest and management in a zone of ecological transition","authors":"Hermien L. Soselisa, Roy Ellen","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12554","url":null,"abstract":"The Moluccan islands of eastern Indonesia (Maluku) were amongst the last frontiers to be opened‐up for large‐scale resource extraction and economic development in modern times. The interventions of organized conservation science and local conservation activity are also recent. Yet the area has a complex economic history and historical ecology linked to the spice trade, which itself prompted early scholarly interest in its natural history. Conservation practice since 1980 is shown to be deeply embedded in local political events and cultural contexts, exhibiting a diversity of institutional forms and a 'cacophony' of community voices. We conclude that conservation research and interventions need to pay more attention to historical ecologies, biocultural linkages and distinctively local patterns of conservation activity.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arc of the Journeyman: Afghan Migrants in England. NicholaKhan. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MN, USA, 2021, pp. x + 293. ISBN 978‐1‐517‐90962‐8 (pbk).","authors":"Chayanika Saxena","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electoral Reform and Democracy in Malaysia. Helen TingM.H.andDonald L.Horowitz(eds). NIAS Press, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2023, pp. xiii + 292. ISBN 978‐8‐776‐94321‐9 (pbk).","authors":"Francis E. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highly fragile small island states experience disproportionate climate impacts given their limited capacity to implement cost‐effective tools for detecting emerging signals of drying conditions and monitoring systems for sensitive sectors such as agriculture, especially for uncertain, ‘creeping’ events such as droughts. Despite the existence of open‐source Google Earth Engine datasets, untapped potential remains for their full deployment in disaster management infrastructure. Given this gap, this paper explores the utility of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) for detecting spatio‐temporal variations of Mid‐Summer Drought (MSD) impacts on vegetation in the small island of Jamaica, with emphasis on major historical drought events. Geospatial analyses of EVI datasets from the Terra Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) between 2000−2015 archived by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), were computed, and validated by station‐based precipitation and production data for selected parishes for historical case study MSD events. Results revealed highly asymmetrical drought impacts, with Jamaica's agriculturally intense Southern coastline displaying the most stressed vegetation (EVI < 0.5). North‐Western and North‐Eastern regions had the healthiest vegetation during the MSD (EVI > 0.6). A ‘fair’ to ‘moderate’ concurrent correlation was found between EVI and precipitation (R > 0.6), with lower correlations vis‐a‐vis agricultural production (R = 0.2–0.4). The results provide evidence of EVI's utility as a drought monitoring tool in a small island context.
高度脆弱的小岛屿国家受到的气候影响尤为严重，因为这些国家采用成本效益高的工具来检测新出现的干旱状况信号以及农业等敏感部门的监测系统的能力有限，特别是对于干旱等不确定的 "渐变 "事件。尽管存在开源的谷歌地球引擎数据集，但在灾害管理基础设施中全面部署这些数据集的潜力仍有待挖掘。鉴于这一差距，本文探讨了增强植被指数（EVI）在检测仲夏干旱（MSD）对牙买加小岛植被影响的时空变化方面的实用性，重点是历史上的重大干旱事件。对美国地质调查局（USGS）存档的 2000-2015 年间 Terra 中分辨率成像分光仪（MODIS）的 EVI 数据集进行了地理空间分析计算，并通过选定教区的基于站点的降水和生产数据对 MSD 历史案例研究事件进行了验证。结果显示，干旱影响极不对称，牙买加农业密集的南部海岸线植被受压最严重（EVI < 0.5）。西北和东北地区的植被在 MSD 期间最为健康（EVI > 0.6）。在 EVI 与降水量之间发现了 "一般 "至 "中等 "的同期相关性（R = 0.6），而与农业生产的相关性较低（R = 0.2-0.4）。这些结果证明，在小岛屿环境中，经济脆弱性指数是一种有用的干旱监测工具。
{"title":"Exploring the utility of the Enhanced Vegetation Index as rainfall and agricultural proxy in a Caribbean case study event","authors":"Sarah F. Buckland","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12553","url":null,"abstract":"Highly fragile small island states experience disproportionate climate impacts given their limited capacity to implement cost‐effective tools for detecting emerging signals of drying conditions and monitoring systems for sensitive sectors such as agriculture, especially for uncertain, ‘creeping’ events such as droughts. Despite the existence of open‐source Google Earth Engine datasets, untapped potential remains for their full deployment in disaster management infrastructure. Given this gap, this paper explores the utility of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) for detecting spatio‐temporal variations of Mid‐Summer Drought (MSD) impacts on vegetation in the small island of Jamaica, with emphasis on major historical drought events. Geospatial analyses of EVI datasets from the Terra Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) between 2000−2015 archived by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), were computed, and validated by station‐based precipitation and production data for selected parishes for historical case study MSD events. Results revealed highly asymmetrical drought impacts, with Jamaica's agriculturally intense Southern coastline displaying the most stressed vegetation (EVI < 0.5). North‐Western and North‐Eastern regions had the healthiest vegetation during the MSD (EVI > 0.6). A ‘fair’ to ‘moderate’ concurrent correlation was found between EVI and precipitation (R > 0.6), with lower correlations vis‐a‐vis agricultural production (R = 0.2–0.4). The results provide evidence of EVI's utility as a drought monitoring tool in a small island context.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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