{"title":"Towards a new humanity: Belonging, embodiment, and Quantum Black creative geographies","authors":"Tia‐Monique Uzor","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141189412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon William Mkasimongwa, Hoda Fakour, Hussein Juma Hassani, Basma Abdulla Sultan, Hsin‐Chih Lai
Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate‐related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience.
{"title":"Assessment of Dar es Salaam's resilience to climate change disasters using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)","authors":"Simon William Mkasimongwa, Hoda Fakour, Hussein Juma Hassani, Basma Abdulla Sultan, Hsin‐Chih Lai","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12546","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate‐related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Hasharina Hassan, Jonathan Rigg, Gabriel Y.V. Yong, Izni A. Azalie, Mohammad Addy Shahril Muhammad Shamsul, Nurul Hazirah Zainuddin
In this paper we argue that there is a ‘missing middle’ between policies to ameliorate poverty of those in need and the experience of poverty. Drawing on interviews with respondent poor(er) households in Brunei's ‘water village’ of Kampong Ayer and with officials and local leaders, the paper details a complex and well‐funded system of support for those in need. It then shows how this impressive architecture of welfare does not always meet the needs of those it seeks to support. Through rendering poverty technical, policies implicitly ascribe persistent destitution as arising from the failure of the poor to take advantage of the opportunities made available to them. The paper suggests that this gap could be bridged by giving non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), social enterprises and informal businesses a greater role in the delivery of support. Kampong Ayer's experience has its parallels in other places and situations: the tendency to bureaucratize poverty and its amelioration; the desire to simplify poverty but complicate programmes for poverty eradication; and the expectation that the onus for adaptation should be on—and with—the poor. When the poor fail to adapt and to respond in the manner desired, they are blamed for their enduring poverty.
{"title":"Administering and encountering the poor: Poverty from above and below in Brunei Darussalam","authors":"Noor Hasharina Hassan, Jonathan Rigg, Gabriel Y.V. Yong, Izni A. Azalie, Mohammad Addy Shahril Muhammad Shamsul, Nurul Hazirah Zainuddin","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12545","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we argue that there is a ‘missing middle’ between policies to ameliorate poverty of those in need and the experience of poverty. Drawing on interviews with respondent poor(er) households in Brunei's ‘water village’ of Kampong Ayer and with officials and local leaders, the paper details a complex and well‐funded system of support for those in need. It then shows how this impressive architecture of welfare does not always meet the needs of those it seeks to support. Through rendering poverty technical, policies implicitly ascribe persistent destitution as arising from the failure of the poor to take advantage of the opportunities made available to them. The paper suggests that this gap could be bridged by giving non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), social enterprises and informal businesses a greater role in the delivery of support. Kampong Ayer's experience has its parallels in other places and situations: the tendency to bureaucratize poverty and its amelioration; the desire to simplify poverty but complicate programmes for poverty eradication; and the expectation that the onus for adaptation should be on—and with—the poor. When the poor fail to adapt and to respond in the manner desired, they are blamed for their enduring poverty.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moving impossible scenes through quantum diffraction: Thinking with Patricia Noxolo about shakeups and a cure","authors":"Nichola Khan","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scholars have extensively studied the spiritual and cultural interpretations of the afterlife. This paper builds on these works by exploring how the afterlife can be discussed as a ‘place’ meriting geographical discussion. To do so, I consider how the afterlife is spatialized drawing on the ‘trialetic’ interactions described in Henri Lefebvre's work. This is done in the context of Singaporean Chinese beliefs that place emphasis on ritualistic remembrance. Firstly, the emotive‐affective aspects of remembrance imbued into material practices produce spaces of representation that prolong the deceased's ‘presence’. At the same time, the Singapore state exercises significant regulation of these practices. While common understandings of the afterlife relate to spirits and culture, the analysis charts how in Singapore's case, the spatialization of the afterlife becomes a contested politicized process. Conceptualizations of the afterlife are not statically enshrined in cultural beliefs but evolve with changing times. This paper thus elaborates Lefebvre's spatial triad to examine networks of prescription, alteration, and negotiation, whereby the afterlife is a dynamically produced space charged with power relations among various actors.
{"title":"Spaces of afterlife: A Lefebvrian lens on Singaporean Chinese remembrance practices","authors":"Selina Chew Jing Qi","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12542","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have extensively studied the spiritual and cultural interpretations of the afterlife. This paper builds on these works by exploring how the afterlife can be discussed as a ‘place’ meriting geographical discussion. To do so, I consider how the afterlife is spatialized drawing on the ‘trialetic’ interactions described in Henri Lefebvre's work. This is done in the context of Singaporean Chinese beliefs that place emphasis on ritualistic remembrance. Firstly, the emotive‐affective aspects of remembrance imbued into material practices produce <jats:italic>spaces of representation</jats:italic> that prolong the deceased's ‘presence’. At the same time, the Singapore state exercises significant regulation of these practices. While common understandings of the afterlife relate to spirits and culture, the analysis charts how in Singapore's case, the spatialization of the afterlife becomes a contested politicized process. Conceptualizations of the afterlife are not statically enshrined in cultural beliefs but evolve with changing times. This paper thus elaborates Lefebvre's spatial triad to examine networks of prescription, alteration, and negotiation, whereby the afterlife is a dynamically produced space charged with power relations among various actors.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disasters in the Philippines: Before and After Haiyan. Glenda Tibe Bonifacio and Roxanna Balbido Epe (eds). Bristol University Press, Bristol, UK, 2023, pp. xvi + 365. ISBN 978‐1‐529‐22290‐6 (hbk).","authors":"Shelley Tuazon Guyton","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<h2> Introduction</h2> <p>As part of the broader China Made project, the papers in this special section aim to provide grounded, fine-grained analyses of the environmental, social, cultural, political, and economic effects of China's infrastructure development initiatives in Southeast Asia.<sup>1</sup> They were originally presented at the Third China Made Workshop in May of 2021, held online at the Asia Research Institute (ARI) at the National University of Singapore (see Byler & Oakes, <span>2021</span> for a summary). The papers in this special section explore the social lives of Chinese infrastructures with case studies from Vietnam (Turner <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), Cambodia (Green & Yi, <span>2023</span>) and Laos (Harlan & Lu, <span>2024</span>). In doing so, they investigate the ways that global China is a powerful shaper of landscapes and societies in Southeast Asia, as well as the multiple contingencies and agencies that condition, limit, and push back against China's infrastructural power.</p> <p>As we write now in 2024, China's development activities and investments beyond its borders have garnered a tremendous amount of attention from scholars, policymakers, politicians, and the general public alike. Much of that attention has focused on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as the primary policy vehicle for these activities and investments (see Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span> and Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span> for critical and theoretical engagements with BRI-related scholarship). The China Made project emerged in this context with the goal of exploring China's infrastructure-led development practices less from a policy perspective, or even from the view of geopolitics, and more from a fine-grained and grounded analysis of the projects themselves. We thus sought to bring a contextual and place-based perspective to our understanding of China as an emerging actor on the global development scene. We felt that such an approach depended upon an historical understanding of the role that infrastructure development has played in Chinese statecraft and in China's domestic political economy over the past several decades (Rippa & Oakes, <span>2023</span>). Conceptually, we hoped such an approach would open up a space for a productive transdisciplinary conversation between the China studies and infrastructure studies fields (see e.g. Oakes, <span>2019</span>; Oakes, <span>2021</span>). This conversation has emphasized not simply the ways the Chinese state deploys infrastructure development as a form of power and state-making, but also the ways infrastructures themselves, as socio-technical assemblages, have agentive powers and material logics that shape environmental, social, cultural, and political life in significant ways, both within and beyond China's borders.</p> <p>The 2021 workshop at ARI focused on these environmental, social, cultural, and political dimensions of Chinese infrastructure projects in Southe
1 这些论文最初于 2021 年 5 月在新加坡国立大学亚洲研究院（ARI）举办的第三届 "中国制造 "研讨会上发表（摘要见 Byler & Oakes, 2021）。本专栏的论文通过越南（Turner 等人，2023 年）、柬埔寨（Green & Yi，2023 年）和老挝（Harlan & Lu，2024 年）的案例研究，探讨了中国基础设施的社会生活。在此过程中，他们探究了全球中国是东南亚景观和社会的强大塑造者的方式，以及制约、限制和反击中国基础设施力量的多种突发事件和机构。其中大部分注意力都集中在作为这些活动和投资的主要政策载体的 "一带一路 "倡议（见 Lin et al.在此背景下，"中国制造 "项目应运而生，其目标是较少从政策角度，甚至从地缘政治的角度来探讨中国以基础设施为主导的发展实践，而更多地从对项目本身的精细分析和基础分析入手。因此，我们试图从背景和地方的角度来理解中国作为全球发展舞台上的新兴参与者。我们认为，这种方法有赖于对过去几十年来基础设施发展在中国的国策和国内政治经济中所扮演角色的历史理解（Rippa & Oakes, 2023）。从概念上讲，我们希望这种方法能为中国研究和基础设施研究领域之间富有成效的跨学科对话开辟空间（参见 Oakes, 2019; Oakes, 2021）。这一对话不仅强调了中国国家如何将基础设施建设作为一种权力和国家制造的形式，还强调了基础设施本身作为社会技术的组合，如何在中国境内外以重要的方式塑造环境、社会、文化和政治生活的推动力和物质逻辑。2021 年亚太研究院研讨会的重点是中国在东南亚的基础设施项目的环境、社会、文化和政治层面，该地区通常被视为中国 "一带一路 "的第一段和最重要的部分（Gong，2019 年；Emmerson，2020 年；Hiebert，2020 年）。总体而言，东南亚是中国最大的贸易伙伴，反之亦然。但在对中国在东南亚的各种活动的分析中，"金砖倡议 "占据了主导地位。作为回应，人们认识到需要了解 "除了关注以中国为中心的框架（如金砖四国倡议）之外，如何更好地理解中国对东南亚的影响"（Lin & Yang, 2022: 228; see also Rowedder et al.我们的出发点是，中国在该地区的基础设施建设不仅仅受中国长期以来的地缘政治野心、市场扩张欲望和中国剩余资本的空间固定需求的影响。研讨会通过各种案例和分析探讨了这些问题，本文收集的论文从三大主题探讨了中国基础设施的社会生活：作为权力场域的全球中国；基础设施的技术政治学；基础设施发展的空间和时间维度。在这篇简短的社论中，我们将从总体上探讨其中的每一个主题，并评述这些主题是如何在本文所收集的论文中得到反映和参与的。我们还将就基础设施研究在迅速发展的全球中国研究领域中的作用提出一些结论性意见。
{"title":"Guest Editorial: The social life of Chinese infrastructures in Southeast Asia","authors":"Darren Byler, Tim Oakes","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12539","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>As part of the broader China Made project, the papers in this special section aim to provide grounded, fine-grained analyses of the environmental, social, cultural, political, and economic effects of China's infrastructure development initiatives in Southeast Asia.<sup>1</sup> They were originally presented at the Third China Made Workshop in May of 2021, held online at the Asia Research Institute (ARI) at the National University of Singapore (see Byler & Oakes, <span>2021</span> for a summary). The papers in this special section explore the social lives of Chinese infrastructures with case studies from Vietnam (Turner <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), Cambodia (Green & Yi, <span>2023</span>) and Laos (Harlan & Lu, <span>2024</span>). In doing so, they investigate the ways that global China is a powerful shaper of landscapes and societies in Southeast Asia, as well as the multiple contingencies and agencies that condition, limit, and push back against China's infrastructural power.</p>\u0000<p>As we write now in 2024, China's development activities and investments beyond its borders have garnered a tremendous amount of attention from scholars, policymakers, politicians, and the general public alike. Much of that attention has focused on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as the primary policy vehicle for these activities and investments (see Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span> and Lin <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span> for critical and theoretical engagements with BRI-related scholarship). The China Made project emerged in this context with the goal of exploring China's infrastructure-led development practices less from a policy perspective, or even from the view of geopolitics, and more from a fine-grained and grounded analysis of the projects themselves. We thus sought to bring a contextual and place-based perspective to our understanding of China as an emerging actor on the global development scene. We felt that such an approach depended upon an historical understanding of the role that infrastructure development has played in Chinese statecraft and in China's domestic political economy over the past several decades (Rippa & Oakes, <span>2023</span>). Conceptually, we hoped such an approach would open up a space for a productive transdisciplinary conversation between the China studies and infrastructure studies fields (see e.g. Oakes, <span>2019</span>; Oakes, <span>2021</span>). This conversation has emphasized not simply the ways the Chinese state deploys infrastructure development as a form of power and state-making, but also the ways infrastructures themselves, as socio-technical assemblages, have agentive powers and material logics that shape environmental, social, cultural, and political life in significant ways, both within and beyond China's borders.</p>\u0000<p>The 2021 workshop at ARI focused on these environmental, social, cultural, and political dimensions of Chinese infrastructure projects in Southe","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is frequently described as a ‘hard’ infrastructure programme of roads, railways, and ports. But a variety of ‘soft’ development cooperation activities—including trainings, dialogues, research, and development projects—have also been established under the banner of the BRI. We examine how this ‘soft’ cooperation works hand-in-hand with ‘hard’ infrastructure in what we call the cooperation-infrastructure nexus. This nexus works in two parallel ways: cooperation activities establish discursive frames of Chinese development as a model to follow, while also creating channels of exchange and support that validate and facilitate infrastructure investments. These investments, in turn, legitimize and often provide direct channels for further cooperation. To make this argument, we present empirical research conducted in China and Laos in two sectors: hydropower and rubber. Both expanded rapidly in China over the past three decades and are held up as models to follow; both are also the basis for cooperation and infrastructure interventions across Southeast Asia. We show that Chinese rubber and hydropower cooperation activities serve both to frame existing projects positively and facilitate future investments in those sectors in Laos. The infrastructure established on the ground, however, rarely resembles the ‘China model’ upon which it is discursively based. Instead, we find that important obstacles and contradictions arise in translating China's domestic achievements into other country contexts. Our findings show the need to consider cooperation as intertwined with infrastructure, while acknowledging the disconnect between discourses of a China model and experiences on the ground.
{"title":"The cooperation-infrastructure nexus: Translating the ‘China Model’ into Laos","authors":"Tyler Harlan, Juliet Lu","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12535","url":null,"abstract":"The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is frequently described as a ‘hard’ infrastructure programme of roads, railways, and ports. But a variety of ‘soft’ development cooperation activities—including trainings, dialogues, research, and development projects—have also been established under the banner of the BRI. We examine how this ‘soft’ cooperation works hand-in-hand with ‘hard’ infrastructure in what we call the <i>cooperation-infrastructure nexus</i>. This nexus works in two parallel ways: cooperation activities establish discursive frames of Chinese development as a model to follow, while also creating channels of exchange and support that validate and facilitate infrastructure investments. These investments, in turn, legitimize and often provide direct channels for further cooperation. To make this argument, we present empirical research conducted in China and Laos in two sectors: hydropower and rubber. Both expanded rapidly in China over the past three decades and are held up as models to follow; both are also the basis for cooperation and infrastructure interventions across Southeast Asia. We show that Chinese rubber and hydropower cooperation activities serve both to frame existing projects positively and facilitate future investments in those sectors in Laos. The infrastructure established on the ground, however, rarely resembles the ‘China model’ upon which it is discursively based. Instead, we find that important obstacles and contradictions arise in translating China's domestic achievements into other country contexts. Our findings show the need to consider cooperation as intertwined with infrastructure, while acknowledging the disconnect between discourses of a China model and experiences on the ground.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban heat island assessment is of paramount importance when monitoring microclimate changes, increased heat stress, mortality and energy consumption. Simply analysing land surface temperature patterns for human comfort and health assessment is often inadequate. In this study, we attempt to resolve this inadequacy with ambient temperature modelling from multiple surface characteristics for a tropical megacity. A 336 datapoint-based multilinear regression model was formulated to predict the maximum summer air temperature with a mean absolute error of 0.694°C. Specific locations of critical thermal environments were demarcated with Getis-Ord statistic. Based on our results, extreme hotspots covered 10.53 per cent of the city on a daily basis at 99 per cent confidence level. The application of an outdoor thermal comfort index highlighted the existence of very strong heat stress zones over 14.67 per cent of the study area. The air temperature hotspots were verified with intra-urban variation in carbon sequestration. This environmental parameter was used to strengthen the observed results since, carbon sequestration directly links urbanization with degradation of thermal environments. Further, five urban morphological parameters were analysed to conclude that building density and height were the most significant urban design factors leading to increased air temperature. Simultaneous local climate zone mapping depicted that heat islands were dominated by mid and high-rise built-up areas, of which 68.44 km2 of that area is suitable for vertical and roof gardening. Another 33.29 km of road stretch was delineated within low-rise built-up areas with scope for green landscaping to improve urban sustainability.
{"title":"Ambient temperature modelling from surface characteristics and associating urban morphology with thermal discomfort","authors":"Kanaya Dutta, Debolina Basu, Sonam Agrawal","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12540","url":null,"abstract":"Urban heat island assessment is of paramount importance when monitoring microclimate changes, increased heat stress, mortality and energy consumption. Simply analysing land surface temperature patterns for human comfort and health assessment is often inadequate. In this study, we attempt to resolve this inadequacy with ambient temperature modelling from multiple surface characteristics for a tropical megacity. A 336 datapoint-based multilinear regression model was formulated to predict the maximum summer air temperature with a mean absolute error of 0.694°C. Specific locations of critical thermal environments were demarcated with Getis-Ord statistic. Based on our results, extreme hotspots covered 10.53 per cent of the city on a daily basis at 99 per cent confidence level. The application of an outdoor thermal comfort index highlighted the existence of very strong heat stress zones over 14.67 per cent of the study area. The air temperature hotspots were verified with intra-urban variation in carbon sequestration. This environmental parameter was used to strengthen the observed results since, carbon sequestration directly links urbanization with degradation of thermal environments. Further, five urban morphological parameters were analysed to conclude that building density and height were the most significant urban design factors leading to increased air temperature. Simultaneous local climate zone mapping depicted that heat islands were dominated by mid and high-rise built-up areas, of which 68.44 km<sup>2</sup> of that area is suitable for vertical and roof gardening. Another 33.29 km of road stretch was delineated within low-rise built-up areas with scope for green landscaping to improve urban sustainability.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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