Tiger conservation in India has been driven for the most part by a philosophy that prioritizes the need for inviolate tiger reserves free of human beings. Such reserves, it is argued, provide much needed territory to ‘care’ for the tiger. In this paper, we examine the biopolitics of tiger conservation in India and argue that the current approach to tiger conservation amplifies the nature‐culture divide and ignores other imaginations of tiger conservation that are more cognizant of human—non‐human entanglements in protected area landscapes. The paper argues that tiger conservation has been a mix of sovereign, disciplinary and neoliberal environmentalities, all built on a certain ‘truth’ about tigers. The paper raises questions and concerns about the ‘truth’ discourse that underlies tiger conservation and also argues that tiger conservation has marginalized the environmentalism of the poor. It makes the case for more debate and discussion about tiger truths and suggests the need for a more than human approach to tiger conservation that recognizes the adverse consequences of fortress conservation as well as its limits in caring for the tiger in more than human geographies.
{"title":"Tiger conservation, biopolitics and the future of Indian environmentalism","authors":"Ajit Menon, Rituparna Borah","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12525","url":null,"abstract":"Tiger conservation in India has been driven for the most part by a philosophy that prioritizes the need for inviolate tiger reserves free of human beings. Such reserves, it is argued, provide much needed territory to ‘care’ for the tiger. In this paper, we examine the biopolitics of tiger conservation in India and argue that the current approach to tiger conservation amplifies the nature‐culture divide and ignores other imaginations of tiger conservation that are more cognizant of human—non‐human entanglements in protected area landscapes. The paper argues that tiger conservation has been a mix of sovereign, disciplinary and neoliberal environmentalities, all built on a certain ‘truth’ about tigers. The paper raises questions and concerns about the ‘truth’ discourse that underlies tiger conservation and also argues that tiger conservation has marginalized the environmentalism of the poor. It makes the case for more debate and discussion about tiger truths and suggests the need for a more than human approach to tiger conservation that recognizes the adverse consequences of fortress conservation as well as its limits in caring for the tiger in more than human geographies.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"83 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent climatic changes and anthropogenic activities considerably affect regional water resources, particularly in water-scarce regions. The present study, therefore, aims to understand the changes in monsoon rainfall, potential evapotranspiration (PET), surface runoff, dam storage and groundwater in the drought-prone region of Maharashtra. The analyses of trend and step-change were carried out using standard parametric tests. The results were verified with the application of non-parametric statistical techniques. Notably, monsoon rainfall and runoff were observed to be declining. Exceptionally, the Yerala Basin witnessed significant increase in rainfall along with heavy rainfall events. Contradictorily, Agrani and Man Basins registered a notable decline in rainfall and runoff. As vulnerability to hydrological disasters is high, these basins should be carefully monitored. Although surface water harvesting brought a positive change in post-monsoon groundwater level, it was the main reason for a decline in runoff volume at downstream reaches, which led to intra-basin water disparity. The study area witnessed significant increase in groundwater extraction. Unfortunately, the misuse of government-subsidized schemes exacerbates groundwater exploitation and stockpiling of water resources. Moreover, the increasing rate of PET augments hydrological losses and amplifies water distress. Interestingly, almost all the hydrological changes were notably experienced during the post-2000 period. To cope with present and future water scarcity problems, it is therefore necessary to restrict irrational use and allocation of available limited water resources. The findings that emerge from this investigation may help to formulate judicious water policies and plans which could be implemented by the government, agronomists, water resource managers and farmers.
{"title":"Hydrological changes in the drought-prone region of Maharashtra (India): Implications for sustainable water use","authors":"Rahul S. Todmal","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12522","url":null,"abstract":"Recent climatic changes and anthropogenic activities considerably affect regional water resources, particularly in water-scarce regions. The present study, therefore, aims to understand the changes in monsoon rainfall, potential evapotranspiration (PET), surface runoff, dam storage and groundwater in the drought-prone region of Maharashtra. The analyses of trend and step-change were carried out using standard parametric tests. The results were verified with the application of non-parametric statistical techniques. Notably, monsoon rainfall and runoff were observed to be declining. Exceptionally, the Yerala Basin witnessed significant increase in rainfall along with heavy rainfall events. Contradictorily, Agrani and Man Basins registered a notable decline in rainfall and runoff. As vulnerability to hydrological disasters is high, these basins should be carefully monitored. Although surface water harvesting brought a positive change in post-monsoon groundwater level, it was the main reason for a decline in runoff volume at downstream reaches, which led to intra-basin water disparity. The study area witnessed significant increase in groundwater extraction. Unfortunately, the misuse of government-subsidized schemes exacerbates groundwater exploitation and stockpiling of water resources. Moreover, the increasing rate of PET augments hydrological losses and amplifies water distress. Interestingly, almost all the hydrological changes were notably experienced during the post-2000 period. To cope with present and future water scarcity problems, it is therefore necessary to restrict irrational use and allocation of available limited water resources. The findings that emerge from this investigation may help to formulate judicious water policies and plans which could be implemented by the government, agronomists, water resource managers and farmers.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inclusion, migration, marginality and citizenship in Gulf cities","authors":"Isha Panwar","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates heat stress in 17 Indian cities during the post-COVID-19 lockdown period. The study compares thermal comfort experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown against that experienced during post-lockdown, which has not been previously studied. The analysis utilizes daily and monthly climate data from 1991 to 2022 obtained from the Langley Research Centre's official website. The net effective temperature (NET) and thermo-hygrometric index (THI) were employed to assess heat stress in cities. The findings indicate a sudden increase in heat stress levels during the post-lockdown period, particularly in cities like Lucknow, Chandigarh, Patna, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Jodhpur, Guwahati, and Delhi. Moreover, there is a noticeable decline in the number of comfortable days for both THI and NET in certain cities, such as Delhi, Chandigarh, Bhopal, Ahmadabad, and Jodhpur, in 2021 and 2022. This analysis also reveals an overall rise in the number of torrid and very hot days, with significant increases recorded in 2022 compared to 2020. With a few exceptions, most cities show rising trends in THI and NET, causing Indian cities to experience more torrid and very hot months. This study clarifies the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on bioclimatic comfort and offers important guidance for future studies in this field.
{"title":"Resurfacing heat stress phenomena in Indian cities during the post-COVID-19 lockdown period","authors":"Rituraj Neog","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12517","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates heat stress in 17 Indian cities during the post-COVID-19 lockdown period. The study compares thermal comfort experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown against that experienced during post-lockdown, which has not been previously studied. The analysis utilizes daily and monthly climate data from 1991 to 2022 obtained from the Langley Research Centre's official website. The net effective temperature (NET) and thermo-hygrometric index (THI) were employed to assess heat stress in cities. The findings indicate a sudden increase in heat stress levels during the post-lockdown period, particularly in cities like Lucknow, Chandigarh, Patna, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Jodhpur, Guwahati, and Delhi. Moreover, there is a noticeable decline in the number of comfortable days for both THI and NET in certain cities, such as Delhi, Chandigarh, Bhopal, Ahmadabad, and Jodhpur, in 2021 and 2022. This analysis also reveals an overall rise in the number of torrid and very hot days, with significant increases recorded in 2022 compared to 2020. With a few exceptions, most cities show rising trends in THI and NET, causing Indian cities to experience more torrid and very hot months. This study clarifies the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on bioclimatic comfort and offers important guidance for future studies in this field.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China has recently become an agent of intensified agricultural production in Southeast Asia by constructing large-scale irrigation systems. Funded with Chinese development finance, such infrastructure projects have been interpreted as a ‘spatial fix’ for capital accumulation in China, which helps explain the shifting balance of power within the region's political economy. However, we argue that explaining the local outcomes of these projects requires mapping out Chinese development finance in relation to the multi-scalar network of actors, circuits of capital, and struggles over water that produce irrigated landscapes. We draw on our joint research about the Chinese-funded and built Kanghot Irrigation Development Project in Cambodia. We explain how the construction of Kanghot was shaped by the historical and political relations between China and Cambodia. Since completion in 2016, Kanghot irrigation has transformed agricultural production by enrolling farmers into a network of volatile commodity markets and harmful pest ecologies. There have also been ongoing community struggles over Kanghot's water due to the project's design and institutional management. By broadening the idea of infrastructure as spatial fix to include these material and social processes of agrarian landscape production, this paper advances a political ecology of Chinese development finance in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Chinese infrastructure as spatial fix? A political ecology of development finance and irrigation in Cambodia","authors":"W. Nathan Green, Rosa Yi","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12523","url":null,"abstract":"China has recently become an agent of intensified agricultural production in Southeast Asia by constructing large-scale irrigation systems. Funded with Chinese development finance, such infrastructure projects have been interpreted as a ‘spatial fix’ for capital accumulation in China, which helps explain the shifting balance of power within the region's political economy. However, we argue that explaining the local outcomes of these projects requires mapping out Chinese development finance in relation to the multi-scalar network of actors, circuits of capital, and struggles over water that produce irrigated landscapes. We draw on our joint research about the Chinese-funded and built Kanghot Irrigation Development Project in Cambodia. We explain how the construction of Kanghot was shaped by the historical and political relations between China and Cambodia. Since completion in 2016, Kanghot irrigation has transformed agricultural production by enrolling farmers into a network of volatile commodity markets and harmful pest ecologies. There have also been ongoing community struggles over Kanghot's water due to the project's design and institutional management. By broadening the idea of infrastructure as spatial fix to include these material and social processes of agrarian landscape production, this paper advances a political ecology of Chinese development finance in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Before the West: The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders. AyşeZarakol. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2022, pp. xv + 313. ISBN 978‐1‐108‐97167‐6 (pbk).","authors":"D. Zoppolato","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Placing Critical Geographies: Historical Geographies of Critical Geography. Lawrence D.Berg, UlrichBest, MaryGilmartin, and Henrik GutzonLarsen (eds). Routledge, London UK and New York USA, 2022, pp. ix + 331. ISBN 978‐1‐409‐43142‐8 (pbk).","authors":"Trevor J. Barnes","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"142 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arid Empire: The Entangled Fates of Arizona and Arabia. NatalieKoch. Verso Press, New York, USA, 2022, pp xi +196. ISBN 978‐1‐839‐76369‐4 (hbk).","authors":"A. Curley","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2008, Vietnam's Prime Minister approved the construction of the ‘Hanoi Urban Railway System’, a major infrastructure project for the country's capital city. The construction of Line 2A, the first line of this 8-line railway, took ten years to complete, and was finally inaugurated in November 2021. Spanning 13 km across the city centre, Line 2A encountered more than just construction setbacks, with its reputation tarnished by contractor choice, accidents, and public scepticism over safety and accessibility. Sowing further seeds of doubt in the minds of many Hanoi residents is the fact that two-thirds of the original financing came from preferential loans from Vietnam's large northern neighbour, conditional on the contractor and key materials being sourced from Vietnam's large, northern neighbour. Moreover, the project is informally categorized as part of Vietnam's large northern neighbour's Belt and Road Initiative. Drawing from conceptual literature regarding infrastructural politics and mobility (in)justice, we analyse how Hanoi residents have experienced and negotiated the construction of this Chinese-Vietnamese infrastructure project. In particular, we consider how the livelihoods of those directly affected by the railway's operations, namely motorbike taxi-drivers, have been impacted to date.
{"title":"A train reaction: the infrastructural politics and mobility injustices accompanying Hanoi's new urban railway Line 2A","authors":"Sarah Turner, Binh N. Nguyen, Madeleine Hykes","doi":"10.1111/sjtg.12518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12518","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, Vietnam's Prime Minister approved the construction of the ‘Hanoi Urban Railway System’, a major infrastructure project for the country's capital city. The construction of Line 2A, the first line of this 8-line railway, took ten years to complete, and was finally inaugurated in November 2021. Spanning 13 km across the city centre, Line 2A encountered more than just construction setbacks, with its reputation tarnished by contractor choice, accidents, and public scepticism over safety and accessibility. Sowing further seeds of doubt in the minds of many Hanoi residents is the fact that two-thirds of the original financing came from preferential loans from Vietnam's large northern neighbour, conditional on the contractor and key materials being sourced from Vietnam's large, northern neighbour. Moreover, the project is informally categorized as part of Vietnam's large northern neighbour's Belt and Road Initiative. Drawing from conceptual literature regarding infrastructural politics and mobility (in)justice, we analyse how Hanoi residents have experienced and negotiated the construction of this Chinese-Vietnamese infrastructure project. In particular, we consider how the livelihoods of those directly affected by the railway's operations, namely motorbike taxi-drivers, have been impacted to date.","PeriodicalId":47000,"journal":{"name":"Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography","volume":"42 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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