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Replication research in education: a guide to designing, conducting, and analysing studies 教育中的复制研究:设计、实施和分析研究的指南
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022312
A. Davis, Matthew C. Makel
In an emerging research space, it is a tall order to compile a litany of literature, synthesise complex concepts, and incorporate rapidly evolving perspectives. In Keith Morrison’s Replication Research in Education: A Guide to Designing, Conducting, and Analysing Studies, he makes this daunting task doable. This textbook unpacks replication research at a high level while diving deeper into what one might consider when designing their own study. Along the way, the reader will find useful bullet point summaries at the chapter openings, meditative reminders of important terms in the middle, as well as handy tables and figures worth bookmarking throughout. The nomenclature for “replication” is dense. As Morrison describes, “replication” is an ambiguous term, stemming from its Latin roots – replicare –meaning to repeat, to unroll, or to fold back. More circularly, replication:
在一个新兴的研究领域,汇编大量的文献,综合复杂的概念,并结合快速发展的观点是一项艰巨的任务。在基思·莫里森的《教育中的复制研究:设计、实施和分析研究指南》一书中,他使这项艰巨的任务变得可行。这本教科书在高水平上展开了复制研究,同时深入探讨了人们在设计自己的研究时可能考虑的问题。在阅读过程中,读者会在章节开头找到有用的要点总结,在中间找到对重要术语的沉思提醒,以及值得收藏的方便表格和数字。“复制”的术语很复杂。正如莫里森所描述的,“复制”是一个模棱两可的术语,源于它的拉丁词根——replicare——意思是重复、展开或折叠。更循环地说,复制:
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引用次数: 3
Promoting conceptual replications in educational research 促进教育研究中的概念复制
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022313
Jinfa Cai
Despite the abundant and frequent calls for replication studies from research communities (e.g., Shavelson & Towne, 2002) and funding agencies (e.g., Institute of Education Sciences [IES] & National Science Foundation [NSF], 2013), the number of such studies remains stubbornly small. For example, in an analysis of all articles published since 1900 in the top-10 psychological journals, Makel et al. (2012) found that less than 1% were replication studies. Moreover, from the top100 education journals, as ranked by a 5-year impact factor, Makel and Plucker (2014) found that only 0.13% of articles were replication studies, with most successful replications being authored by the same individuals who had carried out the initial studies. Among all research articles published in the Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) from its inception in 1970 through 2016, only about 3% clearly intended to replicate prior studies (Cai et al., 2018). And, at the IES in the United States, the majority of funded grant applications have not explicitly stated an intent to conduct a replication (Chhin et al., 2018). There are many reasons for the limited number of published replication studies. One major reason is a lack of clarity with respect to the nature of replications and their significance. There has, however, been increasing recognition of the importance of replication studies. Replication studies provide new knowledge and can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers gain insights about which interventions improve (or do not improve) education outcomes, for whom, and under what conditions (Cai et al., 2018; NSF & IES, 2018). Perry et al. (2022) found that despite their small number, the rate of replication studies in education has gradually increased from 2011 to 2020. Fortunately, some journals have published special issues on replication studies, such as this special issue of Educational Research and Evaluation (ERE) and that in JRME (Cai et al., 2018). In addition, funding agencies such as the NSF and IES in the United States have explicitly called for grant proposals for replication studies (NSF & IES, 2018).
尽管研究界(例如,Shavelson&Towne,2002)和资助机构(例如,教育科学研究所[IES]和国家科学基金会[NSF],2013)频繁呼吁进行复制研究,但此类研究的数量仍然很少。例如,在对1900年以来发表在前十大心理学期刊上的所有文章的分析中,Makel等人(2012)发现,只有不到1%的文章是复制研究。此外,Makel和Plucker(2014)在按5年影响因素排名的前100种教育期刊中发现,只有0.13%的文章是复制研究,大多数成功的复制是由进行初步研究的同一个人撰写的。在《数学教育研究杂志》(JRME)从1970年创刊到2016年发表的所有研究文章中,只有约3%的文章明确打算复制先前的研究(Cai et al.,2018)。而且,在美国IES,大多数资助的拨款申请都没有明确表示有意进行复制(Chhin等人,2018)。发表的复制研究数量有限有很多原因。一个主要原因是对复制的性质及其意义缺乏明确性。然而,人们越来越认识到复制研究的重要性。复制研究提供了新的知识,可以帮助研究人员、从业者和政策制定者深入了解哪些干预措施可以改善(或不能改善)教育成果,对谁有利,以及在什么条件下(Cai et al.,2018;NSF&IES,2018)。Perry等人(2022)发现,尽管数量很少,但从2011年到2020年,教育中的复制研究率逐渐上升。幸运的是,一些期刊已经发表了关于复制研究的特刊,如本期《教育研究与评价》(ERE)和《JRME》(Cai et al.,2018)。此外,美国国家科学基金会和IES等资助机构明确呼吁为复制研究提供拨款建议(NSF&IES,2018)。
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引用次数: 1
A decade of replication study in education? A mapping review (2011–2020) 十年的教育复制研究?测绘综述(2011-2020)
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022315
Thomas Perry, R. Morris, Rosanna Lea
ABSTRACT Replication studies in education are relatively rare. Of the few which are conducted, many are conceptual rather than direct replications. With so few replication studies, and many of those that are attempted producing null results, the scientific status of the evidence base for educational policy and practice is in question. Replicating Makel and Plucker’s review of the education replication literature, conducted in 2014, this paper presents a mapping review looking at rates of replication in education research from 2011 to 2020. We provide an overview of the number of replication studies by replication type, year, outcome, authorship, and journal. Our results are consistent with those of Makel and Plucker, revealing very low but gradually increasing rates of replication study in education. We discuss the role of replication in producing a robust and trustworthy evidence base for policy and practice, and some of the challenges in operationalising definitions of replication we encountered.
摘要教育中的复制研究相对较少。在为数不多的进行中,许多是概念性的,而不是直接的复制。由于复制研究如此之少,而且许多研究都试图产生无效的结果,教育政策和实践的证据基础的科学地位受到质疑。本文复制了Makel和Plucker在2014年对教育复制文献的综述,对2011年至2020年教育研究中的复制率进行了映射综述。我们按复制类型、年份、结果、作者和期刊概述了复制研究的数量。我们的结果与Makel和Plucker的结果一致,表明教育中的复制研究率很低,但逐渐增加。我们讨论了复制在为政策和实践建立可靠的证据基础方面的作用,以及在操作复制定义时遇到的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 7
Replication research in education: is the tide turning? 教育中的复制研究:潮流正在转向吗?
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022311
Rashida Banerjee
The education community must aim to conduct, encourage, and support rigorous research that is transparent, actionable, and focused on consequential outcomes. The ultimate goal of an educational scientific endeavour is to provide empirical evidence to improve education practice and policy and share that evidence in a way that can be used by educators, families, policymakers, researchers, and the community. Reichow (2016) operationalised evidence-based practice as a five-step process involving:
教育界必须致力于开展、鼓励和支持透明、可操作、注重结果的严格研究。教育科学努力的最终目标是提供经验证据,以改进教育实践和政策,并以教育工作者、家庭、政策制定者、研究人员和社区可以使用的方式分享这些证据。Reichow(2016)将循证实践作为一个五步过程来实施,包括:
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引用次数: 2
Replication is relevant to qualitative research 复制与定性研究有关
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022310
Matthew C. Makel, M. S. Meyer, M. Simonsen, A. Roberts, J. Plucker
Replication has received increasing attention over the last decade. This comes on the heels of prominent instances of data fabrication (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2017) and estimates that few studies attempt to replicate previous findings (Makel & Plucker, 2014). Replication has been called the Supreme Court of science (Collins, 1985), as well as a basic building block of scholarship. One persistent question in informal conversations that we have not seen addressed in formal writing, is replication’s relevance to qualitative research. Qualitative research is "a situated activity that locates the observer in the world" and "consists of a set of interpretive, material practices that make the world visible" (Denzin & Lincoln, 2011, p. 3). Some have argued that replication “missed the point” of qualitative research (Pratt et al., 2020, p. 3). However, in a survey of nearly 1,500 recently published education researchers, less than 10% of qualitative researchers reported that replication should never be used (Makel et al., 2021). Given the prevalence of qualitative research in education, it is important to examine replication’s relevance. In this commentary, we argue that replication is relevant to the qualitative lens in at least three ways. First, replication supports the established values in qualitative research of transparency and intentionality. Second, replication can be used to assess the well-established tradition of transferability. Third, replication can evaluate connections between reflexivity, as evidenced by positionality statements, and qualitative research findings.
复制在过去十年中受到越来越多的关注。这是在数据捏造的突出例子之后发生的(美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院,2017),并估计很少有研究试图复制以前的发现(Makel&Plucker,2014)。复制被称为最高科学法院(Collins,1985),也是学术的基本组成部分。非正式对话中一个我们没有在正式写作中看到的持续存在的问题是复制与定性研究的相关性。定性研究是“一种将观察者定位在世界中的情境活动”,“由一系列使世界可见的解释性物质实践组成”(Denzin&Lincoln,2011,第3页)。一些人认为,复制“错过了定性研究的要点”(Pratt等人,2020,第3页)。然而,在最近发表的一项针对近1500名教育研究人员的调查中,只有不到10%的定性研究人员报告说,永远不应该使用复制(Makel等人,2021)。鉴于定性研究在教育中的普遍性,研究复制的相关性很重要。在这篇评论中,我们认为复制至少在三个方面与定性镜头有关。首先,复制支持透明度和意向性定性研究中的既定价值观。其次,复制可以用来评估公认的可转让性传统。第三,复制可以评估自反性和定性研究结果之间的联系,正如立场声明所证明的那样。
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引用次数: 13
A conceptual replication study of a self-affirmation intervention to improve the academic achievement of low-income pupils in England 自我肯定干预提高英国低收入学生学业成绩的概念复制研究
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.2022317
B. See, R. Morris, S. Gorard, N. Siddiqui, M. Easterbrook, M. Nieuwenhuis, K. Fox, P. Harris, R. Banerjee
ABSTRACT This paper describes an independently evaluated randomised controlled trial of a self-affirmation intervention, replicating earlier studies, mostly conducted in the US with ethnic minority students. Self-affirmation theory suggests that some stigmatised groups, such as those from ethnic minority or poor families, face stereotype threats which undermine their academic performance. Engaging in value affirmation writing activities when such threats are most salient can give individuals a positive sense of value, negating harmful feelings, and fostering academic learning. The present study, involving 10,807 pupils aged 14 to 16 in England showed that the intervention can be successfully replicated with children from low socioeconomic backgrounds in England. The analysis showed positive effects for the intervention group. Pupils who completed more exercises also performed better. The findings are worth consideration given that it costs virtually nothing and does no harm.
摘要本文描述了一项自我肯定干预的独立评估随机对照试验,复制了早期的研究,主要在美国对少数民族学生进行。自我肯定理论表明,一些被污名化的群体,如少数民族或贫困家庭的群体,面临着刻板印象的威胁,这会影响他们的学习成绩。在这种威胁最为突出的时候进行价值肯定写作活动,可以给个人带来积极的价值感,否定有害情绪,促进学术学习。这项涉及英格兰10807名14至16岁学生的研究表明,这种干预措施可以在英格兰社会经济背景较低的儿童中成功复制。分析显示干预组的效果是积极的。完成更多练习的学生表现也更好。这些发现值得考虑,因为它几乎不需要任何成本,也没有任何危害。
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引用次数: 5
Appreciation to reviewers 感谢审稿人
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.1979313
(2020). Appreciation to reviewers. Educational Research and Evaluation: Vol. 26, CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMINATIONS OF TEST-TAKING EFFORT IN PISA, pp. i-i.
(2020)。感谢审稿人。教育研究与评价:第26卷,国际学生评估项目(PISA)的跨文化考试,第1 - 4页。
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引用次数: 0
How learning happens: seminal works in educational psychology and what they mean in practice 学习是如何发生的:教育心理学的开创性工作及其在实践中的意义
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.1972384
P. Harindranathan
behind many of the works of these thinkers. While the book is not specifically focused on educational research methodology, it would be useful to understand how these theories were developed. The book is also unclear about whether it is about how these theories have been, or should be practised in reality. Although, at the beginning of this volume, the authors claim to provide some suggestions for application, there is a lack of evidence on where these theories could be applied. For instance, in the section Applying the Theory, the authors mention several times that “this theory has been practised by many countries/schools/teachers” (e.g., Chapters 3 and 17), but provide no evidence, references, or the context within which they were used. The suggestions offered in many chapters were unclear about whether they are evidence-based or simply hypothetical. For example, they argue that multiple intelligences can improve children’s selfesteem and confidence to support the application of this theory, but they present no robust empirical evidence to support this. In summary, this book provides a useful introduction to the thinking of contemporary educational theorists. It is beneficial to novices in education or anyone who is looking for a whistle-stop tour of contemporary educational theories, though their origins in research and evidence are unclear.
在这些思想家的作品背后。虽然这本书没有特别关注教育研究方法论,但理解这些理论是如何发展的将是有用的。这本书也不清楚它是关于这些理论在现实中是如何被实践的,还是应该被实践的。虽然,在本卷的开始,作者声称提供一些建议的应用,有缺乏证据,这些理论可以应用。例如,在“应用理论”一节中,作者多次提到“这一理论已被许多国家/学校/教师实践”(例如,第3章和第17章),但没有提供证据、参考文献或使用它们的背景。许多章节中提出的建议都不清楚它们是基于证据还是仅仅是假设。例如,他们认为多元智能可以提高儿童的自尊和自信来支持这一理论的应用,但他们没有提供有力的经验证据来支持这一理论。总之,这本书对当代教育理论家的思想提供了有益的介绍。它对教育新手或任何想要对当代教育理论进行短暂游览的人都是有益的,尽管它们在研究和证据方面的起源尚不清楚。
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引用次数: 0
Gender differences in higher education in Germany: are women under- or overrepresented at university, and why? 德国高等教育中的性别差异:女性在大学中的比例是偏低还是偏高?为什么?
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.1991810
Wilfred Uunk, Magdalena Pratter
ABSTRACT We study gender differences in the selection of traditional universities versus universities of applied sciences in Germany. Do women, due to life and job goals, less often enrol than men in traditional universities and more often enrol at the more practice- and profession-oriented universities of applied sciences? Or are women overrepresented at traditional universities due to prior educational choices and outcomes such as higher school grades and more frequent choice of non-technical fields of study? Our analyses on a national sample of 1st-year students report a 14-percentage point higher likelihood of women than men to enter traditional universities. This gender gap can almost entirely be attributed to educational factors, specifically women’s less frequent choice of engineering majors, and hardly by job goal preferences. That, net of these factors, no gender difference exists indicates that women in Germany do not aim lower or higher than men as to the institution choice.
摘要:我们研究了德国传统大学与应用科学大学在选择中的性别差异。由于生活和工作目标的原因,女性在传统大学的入学率是否低于男性,而在更注重实践和专业的应用科学大学入学率是否高于男性?还是由于之前的教育选择和成绩,如更高的学校成绩和更频繁地选择非技术性的学习领域,女性在传统大学中的比例过高?我们对全国一年级学生样本的分析报告称,女性进入传统大学的可能性比男性高14个百分点。这种性别差距几乎完全可以归因于教育因素,特别是女性选择工程专业的频率较低,而很难归因于工作目标偏好。除这些因素外,不存在性别差异,这表明德国女性在机构选择方面的目标并不低于或高于男性。
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引用次数: 2
Profiles of teachers’ concerns about heterogeneity in classrooms 教师对课堂异质性的关注概况
IF 1.4 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/13803611.2021.1977153
Laura Dörrenbächer-Ulrich, Lisa Stark, F. Perels
ABSTRACT Although recent research has focused on teachers’ attitudes concerning inclusive education, studies on teachers’ concerns about heterogeneity in inclusive education and on the implementation of inclusive teaching into their educational practice are sparse. Based on the concerns-based adoption model, the present study investigated whether there are different teacher profiles with regard to their concerns and behaviour regarding heterogeneity in inclusive classrooms and to what extent these profiles differ with regard to subjective dimensions (attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, background factors such as experience and emotions). Three profiles merging teachers’ Stages of Concern and Levels of Use (impact-concerned co-operators, unconcerned mechanical users, moderately concerned non-users) were identified in a sample of N = 113 teachers. Moreover, substantial differences between the three profiles regarding all of the subjective dimensions were detected. It is discussed how these results can be used for supporting teachers in dealing with heterogeneity in inclusive education.
虽然最近的研究主要集中在教师对全纳教育的态度上,但关于教师对全纳教育异质性的关注以及全纳教学在其教育实践中的实施的研究却很少。基于基于关注的采用模型,本研究调查了在包容性课堂中是否存在不同的教师形象,以及他们对异质性的关注和行为,以及这些形象在主观维度(态度、主观规范、自我效能、经验和情绪等背景因素)方面的差异程度。在N = 113名教师的样本中,确定了合并教师关注阶段和使用水平的三个概况(影响关注的合作者,不关注的机械用户,中度关注的非用户)。此外,在所有主观维度上发现了三种概况之间的实质性差异。讨论了如何利用这些结果来支持教师处理全纳教育中的异质性。
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引用次数: 0
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Educational Research and Evaluation
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