Ísis Lovato, Valéria Oliveira, M. Campos, Flavia Xavier
El artículo investiga la asociación entre la disponibilidad de servicios públicos en la proximidad de las escuelas y el aprendizaje de los alumnos de 5.º grado de primaria en Belo Horizonte (Brasil). Para ello, ajusta modelos multinivel de regresión de competencia en Lengua Portuguesa y Matemáticas, según datos del Sistema de Evaluación de la Educación Básica (SAEB) de 2017. El barrio se define como el área de 500 metros alrededor de la escuela y es la unidad de referencia para los índices de disponibilidad de servicios públicos de educación infantil, ocio, asistencia social, salud y movilidad urbana. Los resultados, que sugieren que no hay asociación entre estas características del barrio y el aprendizaje, ponen de relieve el papel de la escuela en el aprendizaje de los alumnos y la necesidad de investigar la hipótesis de que dicha relación es espuria, mediada por elementos asociados a ambas variables.
{"title":"¿Está la escuela sola? Un estudio exploratorio de la relación entre el rendimiento de los alumnos y la disponibilidad de servicios públicos en el barrio escolar","authors":"Ísis Lovato, Valéria Oliveira, M. Campos, Flavia Xavier","doi":"10.7764/eure.49.148.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/eure.49.148.12","url":null,"abstract":"El artículo investiga la asociación entre la disponibilidad de servicios públicos en la proximidad de las escuelas y el aprendizaje de los alumnos de 5.º grado de primaria en Belo Horizonte (Brasil). Para ello, ajusta modelos multinivel de regresión de competencia en Lengua Portuguesa y Matemáticas, según datos del Sistema de Evaluación de la Educación Básica (SAEB) de 2017. El barrio se define como el área de 500 metros alrededor de la escuela y es la unidad de referencia para los índices de disponibilidad de servicios públicos de educación infantil, ocio, asistencia social, salud y movilidad urbana. Los resultados, que sugieren que no hay asociación entre estas características del barrio y el aprendizaje, ponen de relieve el papel de la escuela en el aprendizaje de los alumnos y la necesidad de investigar la hipótesis de que dicha relación es espuria, mediada por elementos asociados a ambas variables.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79963804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El objetivo de este texto es comprender los procesos de crecimiento informal en la zona metropolitana de Bogotá, en particular su relación con la movilidad residencial intrametropolitana en el periodo reciente. Con este fin se realizó una medición de la informalidad urbana en diecisiete municipios de la zona metropolitana de Bogotá a partir del cruce de múltiples fuentes de información y se analizaron las dinámicas de movilidad residencial a partir de los datos censales. Se identificó un conjunto de dinámicas complejas que superan la idea de la mera suburbanización desde el centro. Movimientos centrípetos desde el departamento de Cundinamarca, del cual Bogotá es capital, y desde el resto del país; movimientos centrífugos desde Bogotá y movilidades residenciales al interior de la zona metropolitana, configuran una compleja red de interdependencias en el territorio de análisis. A nivel metropolitano se replican los mismos patrones de segregación que al interior de Bogotá, solo que en peores condiciones de localización.
{"title":"Metropolización y crecimiento informal: dinámicas de movilidad residencial intrametropolitana en Bogotá y los municipios aledaños","authors":"Angélica Camargo","doi":"10.7764/eure.49.148.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/eure.49.148.06","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este texto es comprender los procesos de crecimiento informal en la zona metropolitana de Bogotá, en particular su relación con la movilidad residencial intrametropolitana en el periodo reciente. Con este fin se realizó una medición de la informalidad urbana en diecisiete municipios de la zona metropolitana de Bogotá a partir del cruce de múltiples fuentes de información y se analizaron las dinámicas de movilidad residencial a partir de los datos censales. Se identificó un conjunto de dinámicas complejas que superan la idea de la mera suburbanización desde el centro. Movimientos centrípetos desde el departamento de Cundinamarca, del cual Bogotá es capital, y desde el resto del país; movimientos centrífugos desde Bogotá y movilidades residenciales al interior de la zona metropolitana, configuran una compleja red de interdependencias en el territorio de análisis. A nivel metropolitano se replican los mismos patrones de segregación que al interior de Bogotá, solo que en peores condiciones de localización.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84046193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.01
J. Sandoval-Díaz, Saron Rosa Monsalves-Peña, Viviana Vejar-Valle, Cristobal Bravo-Ferretti
Chile has a high degree of exposure and susceptibility to disaster risk scenarios, and it is among the top five countries in the world regarding active volcanoes. Meanwhile, sustained population aging is making the older population vulnerable to potential socio-natural disasters. This article, using these concepts, seeks to understand the relationship between place attachment and the perception of volcanic risk among the older population, focusing on older adults residing in the hazard zone of the Nevados de Chillán volcanic complex in the Ñuble Region in southern Chile. Using a phenomenological qualitative case design, 15 semi-structured interviews and a focus group were applied, with the analysis carried out based on grounded theory. The results indicate that the older population has a low perception of volcanic risk, entailing i) the minimization of the surrounding natural hazards, ii) informal knowledge based on previous experiences, and iii) ignorance of the natural risk characteristics and their negative consequences. On the other hand, it is seen that place attachment and social vulnerability act not only as contextual barriers to accepting the volcanic risk but also lead to a lack of engagement, acquisition, and deployment of individual and collective coping mechanisms. In conclusion, the authors outline the importance of including “aging in place” and the active agency of the older population in socio-natural disaster risk planning and local management processes.
{"title":"Apego al lugar y percepción del riesgo volcánico en personas mayores de Ñuble, Chile","authors":"J. Sandoval-Díaz, Saron Rosa Monsalves-Peña, Viviana Vejar-Valle, Cristobal Bravo-Ferretti","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.01","url":null,"abstract":"Chile has a high degree of exposure and susceptibility to disaster risk scenarios, and it is among the top five countries in the world regarding active volcanoes. Meanwhile, sustained population aging is making the older population vulnerable to potential socio-natural disasters. This article, using these concepts, seeks to understand the relationship between place attachment and the perception of volcanic risk among the older population, focusing on older adults residing in the hazard zone of the Nevados de Chillán volcanic complex in the Ñuble Region in southern Chile. Using a phenomenological qualitative case design, 15 semi-structured interviews and a focus group were applied, with the analysis carried out based on grounded theory. The results indicate that the older population has a low perception of volcanic risk, entailing i) the minimization of the surrounding natural hazards, ii) informal knowledge based on previous experiences, and iii) ignorance of the natural risk characteristics and their negative consequences. On the other hand, it is seen that place attachment and social vulnerability act not only as contextual barriers to accepting the volcanic risk but also lead to a lack of engagement, acquisition, and deployment of individual and collective coping mechanisms. In conclusion, the authors outline the importance of including “aging in place” and the active agency of the older population in socio-natural disaster risk planning and local management processes.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88659666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.09
M. Arboit, D. Maglione
Cities located in arid areas are facing several risks that threaten their sustainability due to the effects of climate change and urbanization, and the resulting consumption inequality and depletion of natural resources. There are many variables that determine the urban-building form, which, in turn, affects energy consumption in cities. Therefore, the goal of this work is to condense the information provided by the urban-building morphological variables into just a few variables or combinations for the urban blocks located in the six departments of Mendoza’s Metropolitan Area (MMA). Methodologically, quantitative data of the spatial distribution of urban-building variables were considered, their correlations were calculated, and a Principal Component Analysis was applied to synthesize the number of variables. The results identify the Building Density, Building Separation, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the main variables of the first principal component, in five of the six departments of the MMA. The first two are related to the built environment, and the third is to vegetation. By including data on urban tree cover, available only for the Capital department, the results include the tree-cover magnitude, completeness, and transmissivity variables, together with those already identified in the first three components. The findings of the work provide information on the representative urban-building variables of the oasis city that will allow, in the future, establishing intervention priorities considering a reduced number of synthetic variables, to propose efficiency and energy generation strategies.
{"title":"Análisis de componentes principales de la morfología urbano edilicia del Área Metropolitana de Mendoza, Argentina","authors":"M. Arboit, D. Maglione","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.09","url":null,"abstract":"Cities located in arid areas are facing several risks that threaten their sustainability due to the effects of climate change and urbanization, and the resulting consumption inequality and depletion of natural resources. There are many variables that determine the urban-building form, which, in turn, affects energy consumption in cities. Therefore, the goal of this work is to condense the information provided by the urban-building morphological variables into just a few variables or combinations for the urban blocks located in the six departments of Mendoza’s Metropolitan Area (MMA). Methodologically, quantitative data of the spatial distribution of urban-building variables were considered, their correlations were calculated, and a Principal Component Analysis was applied to synthesize the number of variables. The results identify the Building Density, Building Separation, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as the main variables of the first principal component, in five of the six departments of the MMA. The first two are related to the built environment, and the third is to vegetation. By including data on urban tree cover, available only for the Capital department, the results include the tree-cover magnitude, completeness, and transmissivity variables, together with those already identified in the first three components. The findings of the work provide information on the representative urban-building variables of the oasis city that will allow, in the future, establishing intervention priorities considering a reduced number of synthetic variables, to propose efficiency and energy generation strategies.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88065525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.02
Erick Solo de Zaldívar, Víctor Montre-Águila, Francisco Maturana-Miranda
The goal of this study was to analyze the changes that have taken place in the economic sectors in the system of cities between 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017, alongside understanding the evolution and functional trajectory of employment in the Ñuble Region. The research approach is quantitative and applies a correlational design. The database was extracted from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017 censuses of the National Institute of Statistics (INE, in Spanish) using the REDATAM program. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R software, shown through tables, graphs, and cartographies. The results indicate a trend that diversifies the region’s economic branches, evolving from agriculture toward commerce, services, education, and construction. The specialization indexes show a trajectory towards the homogenization of tertiary sectors and that, in a small number of communes, the primary sector represents a relevant part of local activity. In addition, from the decrease in agricultural and industrial employment, it can be concluded that the different communes of the region have a primary and tertiary vocation, recognizing a co-evolution between the different economic branches.
{"title":"Trayectorias de empleo y especialización económica en las comunas de la Región del Ñuble en 1982, 1992, 2002 y 2017","authors":"Erick Solo de Zaldívar, Víctor Montre-Águila, Francisco Maturana-Miranda","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.02","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to analyze the changes that have taken place in the economic sectors in the system of cities between 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017, alongside understanding the evolution and functional trajectory of employment in the Ñuble Region. The research approach is quantitative and applies a correlational design. The database was extracted from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2017 censuses of the National Institute of Statistics (INE, in Spanish) using the REDATAM program. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R software, shown through tables, graphs, and cartographies. The results indicate a trend that diversifies the region’s economic branches, evolving from agriculture toward commerce, services, education, and construction. The specialization indexes show a trajectory towards the homogenization of tertiary sectors and that, in a small number of communes, the primary sector represents a relevant part of local activity. In addition, from the decrease in agricultural and industrial employment, it can be concluded that the different communes of the region have a primary and tertiary vocation, recognizing a co-evolution between the different economic branches.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73136501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.06
Oscar Yesid Fonseca-Roa
Urban heritage is a category of cultural heritage. Historic centers are protected by a legal framework that safeguards the values that are the object of the declaration. The study of urban heritage protection policy in Colombia has been limited by the classical perspective. In contrast, this research performs a case study on conservation legislation and the historical centers declared in Colombia as Assets of Cultural Interest (BIC, in Spanish) between 1954 and 2019 from historical institutionalism. The methodology used is the Path Dependence Application Scheme (EAPD, in Spanish), which seeks to recognize the relationships between the variables, periods, and trajectory of the object of study; to demonstrate the hypothesis of this work, namely the emergence of urban heritage and protection mechanisms is due to the debilitation of the law and ideas of historical heritage. The preliminary conclusions outline five periods and emphasize the mutual dependence of urban heritage and protection policies, as well as the recent emergence of citizen participation, and the loss of flexibility and versatility of the legal framework with manifestations of irreversibility in the conservation of urban heritage.
{"title":"Aproximación a la política pública de protección del patrimonio urbano en Colombia en clave del path dependence (1954-2019)","authors":"Oscar Yesid Fonseca-Roa","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.06","url":null,"abstract":"Urban heritage is a category of cultural heritage. Historic centers are protected by a legal framework that safeguards the values that are the object of the declaration. The study of urban heritage protection policy in Colombia has been limited by the classical perspective. In contrast, this research performs a case study on conservation legislation and the historical centers declared in Colombia as Assets of Cultural Interest (BIC, in Spanish) between 1954 and 2019 from historical institutionalism. The methodology used is the Path Dependence Application Scheme (EAPD, in Spanish), which seeks to recognize the relationships between the variables, periods, and trajectory of the object of study; to demonstrate the hypothesis of this work, namely the emergence of urban heritage and protection mechanisms is due to the debilitation of the law and ideas of historical heritage. The preliminary conclusions outline five periods and emphasize the mutual dependence of urban heritage and protection policies, as well as the recent emergence of citizen participation, and the loss of flexibility and versatility of the legal framework with manifestations of irreversibility in the conservation of urban heritage.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74606454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.04
Carolina Grace Ojeda-Leal, Kay Joaquín Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara
Landscapes can maximize their strengths in moments of stability by deeply developing their character and, thus, managing the pressures or disturbances behind slow and fast changes in the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) to avoid their transformation. Fast variables explain short-term changes and violent rupture processes in stability/change cycles for natural disaster issues. On the other hand, slow variables explain long-term changes and more complex processes in stability/change cycles. The work below focused on studying the Concepción Metropolitan Area (AMC, in Spanish), Chile, which has undergone relevant changes throughout its history but has not been studied as an SES using its slow and fast variables. An exploratory literary review of 150 articles was made in scientific databases without using scientific support software, considering "Concepción" and "Concepción Metropolitan Area" as keywords. The main results highlight short-term phenomena cycles -fast variables- with a major impact, exemplified in natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires, and drought), changes in urban planning (urban plans and hygienism), as well as long-term phenomena -slow variables-, with more notable impacts in certain key areas, namely political (conquest and war between indigenous/Spanish/Chilean peoples), economic (boom/bust of business cycles) and environmental (wetland intervention, creation of different protection laws).
{"title":"Ciclos de estabilidad, cambios y variables lentas-rápidas en el paisaje del Área Metropolitana de Concepción a partir de estudios de sistemas socio ecológicos: un análisis exploratorio","authors":"Carolina Grace Ojeda-Leal, Kay Joaquín Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.04","url":null,"abstract":"Landscapes can maximize their strengths in moments of stability by deeply developing their character and, thus, managing the pressures or disturbances behind slow and fast changes in the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) to avoid their transformation. Fast variables explain short-term changes and violent rupture processes in stability/change cycles for natural disaster issues. On the other hand, slow variables explain long-term changes and more complex processes in stability/change cycles. The work below focused on studying the Concepción Metropolitan Area (AMC, in Spanish), Chile, which has undergone relevant changes throughout its history but has not been studied as an SES using its slow and fast variables. An exploratory literary review of 150 articles was made in scientific databases without using scientific support software, considering \"Concepción\" and \"Concepción Metropolitan Area\" as keywords. The main results highlight short-term phenomena cycles -fast variables- with a major impact, exemplified in natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires, and drought), changes in urban planning (urban plans and hygienism), as well as long-term phenomena -slow variables-, with more notable impacts in certain key areas, namely political (conquest and war between indigenous/Spanish/Chilean peoples), economic (boom/bust of business cycles) and environmental (wetland intervention, creation of different protection laws).","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.05
C. Rojas-Quezada, Felipe Jorquera-Guajardo, Stefan Steiniger
Urban wetlands in Chilean cities are one of the urban ecosystems most affected by real estate developments. Despite their importance for recreation and biodiversity, they are constantly shrinking due to deficient urban planning processes. However, with the recent boom of green and sustainable cities, wetlands are being revalued through restoration projects and open urban parks, with natural value for the well-being of habitats and the urban population. In this sense, promoting accessibility through suitable infrastructure will contribute to improving the quality of life of inhabitants and the urban environment, specifically through the integration of blue-green infrastructure. Walkable access to a network of wetlands called "La Ruta del Agua" (“the water trail”) has been analyzed here, through a perception-based survey, looking to improve access to nature in cities. The urban wetlands assessed comprise five ecosystems located in different types of neighborhoods in the metropolitan area of Concepción, Chile. Although this is a local case study, it is relevant from a methodological perspective, given the existence of a large number of degraded urban wetlands in Latin America that are in danger of disappearing. The results show that wetlands are accessible by walking, but the fact that they are rarely visited, despite being close to residential areas, reveals a lack of integration as open green spaces, rich in biodiversity, and as places of recreation in the city of Concepción. The results of this study are valuable for the design of future “wetland parks”, one which must consider the ecosystem values, biodiversity, and recreation for people’s well-being.
智利城市湿地是受房地产开发影响最大的城市生态系统之一。尽管它们对娱乐和生物多样性很重要，但由于城市规划过程的不足，它们正在不断缩小。然而，随着近年来绿色和可持续城市的蓬勃发展，湿地正在通过恢复项目和开放的城市公园被重新评估，对栖息地和城市人口的福祉具有自然价值。从这个意义上说，通过适当的基础设施促进可达性将有助于改善居民的生活质量和城市环境，特别是通过蓝绿基础设施的整合。通过一项基于感知的调查，研究人员分析了一个名为“La Ruta del Agua”(“水径”)的湿地网络的可步行通道，以期改善城市中与自然的接触。所评估的城市湿地包括位于智利Concepción大都市区不同类型社区的五个生态系统。虽然这是一个当地的个案研究，但从方法论的角度来看，它是相关的，因为拉丁美洲存在大量退化的城市湿地，有消失的危险。结果表明，湿地可以通过步行到达，但事实上，尽管靠近居民区，但很少有人参观，这表明在Concepción城市中缺乏作为开放绿色空间，丰富生物多样性和娱乐场所的整合。本研究结果对未来“湿地公园”的设计具有一定的参考价值，未来的“湿地公园”设计必须考虑生态系统价值、生物多样性和人类福祉。
{"title":"Acceder caminando a los humedales urbanos: una oportunidad de recreación y bienestar","authors":"C. Rojas-Quezada, Felipe Jorquera-Guajardo, Stefan Steiniger","doi":"10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.05","url":null,"abstract":"Urban wetlands in Chilean cities are one of the urban ecosystems most affected by real estate developments. Despite their importance for recreation and biodiversity, they are constantly shrinking due to deficient urban planning processes. However, with the recent boom of green and sustainable cities, wetlands are being revalued through restoration projects and open urban parks, with natural value for the well-being of habitats and the urban population. In this sense, promoting accessibility through suitable infrastructure will contribute to improving the quality of life of inhabitants and the urban environment, specifically through the integration of blue-green infrastructure. Walkable access to a network of wetlands called \"La Ruta del Agua\" (“the water trail”) has been analyzed here, through a perception-based survey, looking to improve access to nature in cities. The urban wetlands assessed comprise five ecosystems located in different types of neighborhoods in the metropolitan area of Concepción, Chile. Although this is a local case study, it is relevant from a methodological perspective, given the existence of a large number of degraded urban wetlands in Latin America that are in danger of disappearing. The results show that wetlands are accessible by walking, but the fact that they are rarely visited, despite being close to residential areas, reveals a lack of integration as open green spaces, rich in biodiversity, and as places of recreation in the city of Concepción. The results of this study are valuable for the design of future “wetland parks”, one which must consider the ecosystem values, biodiversity, and recreation for people’s well-being.","PeriodicalId":47074,"journal":{"name":"Eure-Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Urbano Regionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81766903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.08
Everaldo Bastista da Costa, Daniel Rodríguez-Ventura, Ilia Alvarado-Sizzo
Traditional markets in Latin American metropolises may mitigate the risks of urbanization-commercialization in historical sites and mediate rural-city and ancestral-contemporary interactions. Considering that the Xochimilco Market (Mexico City) generates centripetal-centrifugal forces which activate the local economy (formal and informal), the goal of the article is to analyze the indissolubility of its neighboring internal and external trade spaces (producer zones, informal trade, chinampas), creating a territory of supply, labor, and subsistence of the impoverished population. A mixed methodological design is adopted, with participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and qualitative spatial analysis. The decolonial concept of " territorial heritage" and the theory of "circuits of urban economy" applied to the Global South helps verify the socio-spatial experiences and permanence that, from the market, subjects and families have maintained, in a scenario of selective modernization of metropolitan territories and growth of informality onto the continent.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.22320/07183607.2022.25.46.00
Ana Zazo-Moratalla
"2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the Meadows report, which warned in 1972, about growth limits and the finite nature of natural resources for the development system. It would take until 1987 for the UN to publish the Brundtland Report, initially known as Our Common Future, and define the concept of sustainable development, highlighting the moral need to responsibly use resources for the planet’s conservation. Nevertheless, this concept, tired and distorted today, did not explicitly imply critically viewing the prevailing linear model based on extraction, production, consumption, and waste. In this sense, the concept of “circularity” builds upon that of sustainable development since it reorients the current production model towards the closure of its cycles, thus assimilating them to natural ecosystems. Circularity aims at building a virtuous circle that minimizes the resources used at their origin, as well as the output waste, through repair, reuse, or recycling."
2022年是梅多斯报告发表50周年，该报告在1972年就发展系统的增长极限和自然资源的有限性提出了警告。直到1987年，联合国才发表了《布伦特兰报告》(Brundtland Report)，最初名为《我们共同的未来》(Our Common Future)，并定义了可持续发展的概念，强调了为保护地球而负责任地使用资源的道德需要。然而，这个概念在今天看来是陈旧和扭曲的，它并没有明确地暗示要批判性地看待基于开采、生产、消费和浪费的主流线性模型。从这个意义上说，“循环”概念建立在可持续发展概念的基础上，因为它使目前的生产模式重新定位于其周期的结束，从而使它们与自然生态系统同化。循环旨在建立一个良性循环，通过修复、再利用或回收，最大限度地减少资源的使用，以及输出废物。”
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