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IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.11.002
Alan R.H. Baker
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引用次数: 0
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.11.001
Shreya Bhattacharya
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引用次数: 0
An Ethiopian imperial town: The forgotten historical geographies of ʾAmba Čara 埃塞俄比亚的帝国城镇:被遗忘的安巴卡拉历史地理学
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.10.010
Agmas Getenet Worknih
This article engages in examining the historical geography of ʾAmba Čara in the modern period of Ethiopia since 1850s. Ethiopian imperial history began in the Aksum era of the first century A.D., when an emperor moved from the country's capital and founded a number of temporary royal towns in order to develop and strengthen his kingdom. ʾAmba Čara was one of these towns. There is a dearth of research and limited literature on the subject; no one has sought to thoroughly examine the history of ʾAmba Čara previously. In this study, primary and secondary sources were used to explore the geographies of the site. Letters, chronicles, and traveler accounts served as the study's main information sources. On the other hand, data came from secondary sources including books, articles, journals, and oral histories. This study makes clear the significance of ʾAmba Čara's location, particularly since the middle of the nineteenth century, as a religious assembly center, a passageway, a convenient military training and organization center, and a temporary king's residence. This study, which also offers the first historical geography of the place, shows how ʾAmba Čara's contributed enormously to the socio-cultural and political development of the modern Ethiopian empire, starting in the middle of nineteenth century.
本文致力于研究 1850 年代以来埃塞俄比亚现代时期安巴卡拉的历史地理。埃塞俄比亚的帝国史始于公元一世纪的阿克苏姆时代,当时一位皇帝从国家首都迁出,建立了许多临时皇家城镇,以发展和巩固他的王国。安巴卡拉就是其中之一。有关这一主题的研究很少,文献也很有限;以前没有人试图深入研究ʾAmba Čara的历史。在这项研究中,我们使用了第一手资料和第二手资料来探索该遗址的地理环境。书信、编年史和旅行者的描述是研究的主要信息来源。另一方面,数据来自二手资料,包括书籍、文章、期刊和口述历史。本研究清楚地表明了ʾAmba Čara 所处位置的重要性,尤其是自 19 世纪中叶以来,它作为宗教集会中心、通道、便利的军事训练和组织中心以及国王的临时住所所发挥的作用。本研究还首次对该地进行了历史地理研究,表明从 19 世纪中叶开始,ʾAmba Čara 如何为现代埃塞俄比亚帝国的社会文化和政治发展做出了巨大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.11.003
Deepak Malik
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引用次数: 0
The lordscape: Mapping seigneurial jurisdictions in the late-medieval Low Countries 领主景观:绘制中世纪晚期低地国家的世袭领地地图
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.08.004
Margreet Brandsma, Jim van der Meulen
This article explores the relationship between the spatial distribution of elite power and geophysical factors in two regions within the Low Countries between c.1350 – c.1650. It does so through a focus on seigneuries, bundles of territory and rights through which premodern lords and ladies across Europe held jurisdiction and economic prerogatives over local subjects. Historians have often assumed that the uneven distribution of such jurisdictions in different regions was connected to the fertility and commercial potential of the landscape. This article pioneers a structured, transregional approach to test this hypothesis, by quantifying and visualizing the spatial distribution of seigneuries in connection with three geophysical features – soil fertility, proximity to waterways, and relief – within and between two Netherlandish principalities, Guelders and Hainault. Through visualization and quantification of the spatial clustering of seigneuries, the analysis confirms that these institutions gravitated towards areas that were most fertile and commercially viable. In addition, the data suggest a hierarchy in the relative importance of geophysical features. Soil fertility emerges as the prime factor, with relief (Hainault) and waterways (Guelders) as secondary (interdependent) factors.
本文探讨了约 1350 年至约 1650 年间低地国家两个地区的精英权力空间分布与地球物理因素之间的关系。这些领地和权利捆绑在一起,欧洲各地的前现代领主和夫人通过这些领地和权利对当地臣民拥有管辖权和经济特权。历史学家通常认为,这种管辖权在不同地区的不均衡分布与地貌的肥沃程度和商业潜力有关。本文开创了一种结构化、跨区域的方法来验证这一假设,通过量化和可视化两个尼德兰公国(盖尔德和海诺)内部和之间与三个地球物理特征(土壤肥力、靠近水道和地形)相关的领地空间分布。通过对领地空间集群的可视化和量化分析,分析证实了这些机构倾向于最肥沃和最具商业价值的地区。此外,数据还显示了地球物理特征相对重要性的等级。土壤肥力是首要因素,地势(海诺)和水路(盖尔德)是次要(相互依存)因素。
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引用次数: 0
Multisensorial hydrography with Venetian depictions from 1880 to 1895 1880 至 1895 年威尼斯描绘的多传感器水文地理学
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.10.005
Daniel A. Finch-Race
This article, prompted by first-hand experience of considerable controversy over cruise ships in the Venetian Lagoon, seeks to take forward reasoning around archipelagic wateriness. In light of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on ‘Clean Water and Sanitation’ and ‘Life below Water’, I shuttle between the twenty-first and nineteenth centuries on an experimental trajectory that brings more-than-human ecosystemic matters to the fore. Questions of place identity and mobility in the Carbon Age are set within a Mediterranean framework that rounds out understanding of modern Venice's escalating artificiality. A proposal for a hydrographic method of analysing art — adopting a sensorially immersive mode of liquid attentiveness — is applied to four works by French and Italian painters spanning two noteworthy decades: Giuseppe Pogna's ‘Venice’ (1880); Pierre-Auguste Renoir's ‘The Doge's Palace’ (1881); Emmanuel Lansyer's ‘Boats in the Environs of San Giorgio Maggiore’ (1892); Eugène Boudin's ‘Seascape at the Giudecca’ (1895).
这篇文章是在亲身经历了威尼斯泻湖游轮引发的巨大争议后撰写的,旨在推进有关群岛水性的推理。考虑到联合国可持续发展目标中的 "清洁水和卫生设施 "以及 "水下生命",我在二十一世纪和十九世纪之间穿梭,以一种实验性的轨迹将超越人类的生态系统问题凸显出来。碳时代的地方认同和流动性问题被设定在一个地中海框架内,从而加深了对现代威尼斯不断升级的人工化的理解。对艺术进行分析的水文学方法建议--采用一种感官沉浸式的液态关注模式--被应用于法国和意大利画家的四幅作品,时间跨度长达二十年:朱塞佩-波格纳(Giuseppe Pogna)的 "威尼斯"(1880 年)、皮埃尔-奥古斯特-雷诺阿(Pierre-Auguste Renoir)的 "总督府"(1881 年)、埃马纽埃尔-兰西耶(Emmanuel Lansyer)的 "圣乔治-马焦雷附近的小船"(1892 年)、欧仁-布丹(Eugène Boudin)的 "朱代卡海景"(1895 年)。
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引用次数: 0
Lucky Valley: A roundtable 幸运谷圆桌会议
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.10.012
Miles Ogborn , Herman L. Bennett , Kennetta Hammond Perry , Bill Schwarz , Catherine Hall
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引用次数: 0
Land reform catalysts of capitalism and communism: 150 years of agricultural change in Romania 资本主义和共产主义的土地改革催化剂:罗马尼亚 150 年的农业变革
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.10.013
Elena-Ana Urșanu (Popovici) , Ines Grigorescu , Irena Roznoviețchi (Mocanu)
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of historical Romanian agricultural changes from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries, focusing on the main land reforms and their effects on land ownership patterns, spatial disparities and their consequences on individual farms. The study follows a stepwise chronological approach covering these major historical periods: modern Romania before the First World War; Romania in the interwar period and during the Second World War; Communist Romania; and Post-communist Romania. Four major land reforms took place in Romania (in 1864, 1921, 1945 and 1991) within distinct political, economic and social historical contexts. One of the aims of these land reforms was to increase the individual rights of peasants, typically associated with the creation of individual households in agricultural economies. Moreover, this study provides a geographical examination of how the land reforms acted as a catalyst for the transition from capitalism to communism, and later, back to capitalism.
本文全面概述了 19 世纪至 21 世纪罗马尼亚农业的历史变迁,重点关注主要的土地改革及其对土地所有权模式、空间差异的影响以及对单个农场的影响。本研究采用循序渐进的编年方法,涵盖这些主要历史时期:第一次世界大战前的现代罗马尼亚;战时和第二次世界大战期间的罗马尼亚;共产主义罗马尼亚;以及后共产主义罗马尼亚。在不同的政治、经济和社会历史背景下,罗马尼亚进行了四次重大土地改革(1864 年、1921 年、1945 年和 1991 年)。这些土地改革的目的之一是增加农民的个人权利,这通常与农业经济中个体户的形成有关。此外,本研究还从地理角度探讨了土地改革如何成为从资本主义向共产主义过渡以及后来向资本主义回归的催化剂。
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引用次数: 0
The Yellowstone as the longest undammed river in the contiguous United States: An environmental historical geography of a mythic landscape 黄石公园是美国毗连地区最长的无水坝河流:神话景观的环境历史地理学
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.10.011
Nicolas T. Bergmann
This article contributes to a body of scholarship examining the relationship between myth and geography. Specifically, I integrate a posthumanist understanding of assemblage theory to better account for the role that more-than-human entities play in the creation and transformation of mythic landscapes. To support this line of inquiry, I adopt Bowden's geographical traditions model to help trace the origin and evolution of a particular myth – the Yellowstone River as the longest undammed or free-flowing river remaining in the contiguous United States – from its beginnings in the wild and scenic rivers movement of the late 1950s and early 1960s to contemporary environmental conflicts that expose its contradictions and threaten its continued existence. I argue that actors within the Montana Department of Fish and Game – embedded within an active and dynamic environment – created a new myth for the Yellowstone River throughout the late 1970s as a political tool to gain legal protection for the river. During the 1980s and 1990s, however, I argue that this myth transformed and took on the aura of an inviolate landscape. Consequently, I argue that the myth's relationship to environmental protection became more ambiguous than its creators had originally intended.
本文对研究神话与地理之间关系的学术研究有所贡献。具体而言,我结合了后人文主义对集合理论的理解,以更好地解释非人类实体在神话景观的创造和转变中所扮演的角色。为了支持这一研究思路,我采用了鲍登的地理传统模型,以帮助追溯一个特定神话的起源和演变过程--黄石河是美国毗连地区最长的无水坝或自由流淌的河流--从 20 世纪 50 年代末和 60 年代初的 "野生和风景优美的河流 "运动开始,到暴露其矛盾并威胁其继续存在的当代环境冲突。我认为,蒙大拿州鱼类和狩猎部的参与者们在活跃多变的环境中,在整个 20 世纪 70 年代末为黄石河创造了一个新的神话,作为一种政治工具,为河流争取法律保护。然而,在 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代,我认为这一神话发生了转变,披上了不可侵犯的景观的外衣。因此,我认为该神话与环境保护之间的关系变得比其创造者的初衷更加模糊。
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引用次数: 0
Historical geographies of a Damascan population crisis: Jawlān and Ḥawrān in the late Mamluk - early Ottoman periods 大马士革人口危机的历史地理:马穆鲁克晚期-奥斯曼帝国早期的 Jawlān 和 Ḥawrān
IF 1.3 2区 历史学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2024.09.002
Abbasi Mustafa, Kate Raphael
This multidisciplinary study examines the potential causes of a severe and rapid population and settlement decline during the period of transition in the Jawlān and eastern Ḥawrān regions in the province of Damascus. The Jawlān had been part of a relatively small and centralized sultanate in the Mamluk period. However, in the sixteenth century it was incorporated into an empire that ruled over three continents, thus its importance and standing gradually diminished. Newly recovered data from archaeological surveys, two archaeological excavations, fifteenth-century Arabic chroniclers and sixteenth-century Ottoman tax registers (defters) evidence the magnitude of a demographic crisis that occurred in one of the province's most fertile areas at a time when neighboring regions enjoyed continuity, stability and growth. The study conclusions are significant: nomadization in conjunction with an internal, seasonal migration process likely caused the steep decline, and not external migration or sudden demographic decline due to plagues or natural disasters. This shift from sedentary to nomadic or semi-nomadic life lasted for a long time; the vast majority of the area residents were Bedouin, able to adapt quickly to the new reality that combined work in the (mazra'as) with cattle raising.
这项多学科研究探讨了大马士革省 Jawlān 和东部 Ḥawrān 地区在过渡时期人口和定居点急剧下降的潜在原因。Jawlān 在马穆鲁克时期曾是一个规模相对较小的中央集权苏丹国的一部分。但在 16 世纪,它被并入一个统治三大洲的帝国,因此其重要性和地位逐渐下降。从考古调查、两次考古发掘、15 世纪阿拉伯语编年史和 16 世纪奥斯曼帝国税务登记簿(defters)中获得的新数据证明,在邻近地区享有连续性、稳定性和增长的时候,该省最富饶的地区之一却发生了严重的人口危机。研究结论意义重大:游牧化与内部季节性迁移过程很可能导致了人口的急剧下降,而不是外部迁移或瘟疫或自然灾害导致的人口突然减少。这种从定居生活向游牧或半游牧生活的转变持续了很长时间;该地区的绝大多数居民都是贝都因人,他们能够迅速适应新的现实,将在 mazra'as 的工作与养牛结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Historical Geography
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