Bien que l’Ouganda fasse partie des premiers pays subsahariens à avoir instauré un programme d’enseignement primaire universel en 1997, environ 6 % des enfants âgés de 9 à 11 ans n’avaient jamais été scolarisés en 2014. L’analyse d’un échantillon de 10 % de la population en 2014 met en évidence des inégalités régionales frappantes. Au moyen de régressions logistiques, cet article compare la sous-région du Karamoja avec le reste du pays et avec le pays dans son ensemble. Les analyses multiniveaux réalisées montrent que le niveau d’instruction du chef de ménage et l’indice de richesse du ménage influencent la scolarisation des enfants, toutes régions confondues. Par ailleurs, alors que le sexe de l’enfant n’a pas d’effet significatif au niveau national, la probabilité de n’avoir jamais été scolarisé se révèle significativement plus grande pour les filles du Karamoja, et pour les garçons dans le reste de l’Ouganda. Les attentes et les contraintes liées au genre diffèrent, et les politiques publiques doivent en tenir compte. Ces résultats remettent en question la validité des modèles appliqués uniquement au niveau national dans un contexte de forte hétérogénéité spatiale.
{"title":"Les enfants n’ayant jamais été scolarisés : comment l’hétérogénéité régionale conditionne l’accès à l’enseignement primaire en Ouganda","authors":"Christian Kakuba, V. Golaz, C. Michaud","doi":"10.3917/popu.2301.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2301.0123","url":null,"abstract":"Bien que l’Ouganda fasse partie des premiers pays subsahariens à avoir instauré un programme d’enseignement primaire universel en 1997, environ 6 % des enfants âgés de 9 à 11 ans n’avaient jamais été scolarisés en 2014. L’analyse d’un échantillon de 10 % de la population en 2014 met en évidence des inégalités régionales frappantes. Au moyen de régressions logistiques, cet article compare la sous-région du Karamoja avec le reste du pays et avec le pays dans son ensemble. Les analyses multiniveaux réalisées montrent que le niveau d’instruction du chef de ménage et l’indice de richesse du ménage influencent la scolarisation des enfants, toutes régions confondues. Par ailleurs, alors que le sexe de l’enfant n’a pas d’effet significatif au niveau national, la probabilité de n’avoir jamais été scolarisé se révèle significativement plus grande pour les filles du Karamoja, et pour les garçons dans le reste de l’Ouganda. Les attentes et les contraintes liées au genre diffèrent, et les politiques publiques doivent en tenir compte. Ces résultats remettent en question la validité des modèles appliqués uniquement au niveau national dans un contexte de forte hétérogénéité spatiale.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dès son instauration en 2002 et jusqu’à sa réforme en 2021, le congé de paternité de onze jours a fait l’objet d’un succès immédiat. Court, bien indemnisé et répondant aux normes contemporaines de « bonne » paternité, toutes les conditions semblaient réunies pour favoriser son utilisation. Dans ce contexte, ce sont moins les pères qui utilisent ces deux semaines que ceux qui renoncent à leur droit qui interrogent. Qui sont les pères qui n’utilisent pas le congé de paternité en France ? Comment expliquer ce non-recours ? Peut-on y lire la revendication d’une paternité « traditionnelle », particulièrement attachée au modèle de « l’homme gagne-pain » ? À partir de méthodes mixtes, cet article identifie les caractéristiques des pères qui n’ont pas pris leur congé et retrace les mécanismes sous-jacents à ce phénomène. Si la priorisation de la sphère professionnelle est un frein essentiel à l’utilisation du dispositif, cette focale d’analyse ne permet pas de rendre compte d’une large partie des cas de non-recours, en particulier chez les pères non insérés dans un emploi salarié stable. L’étude revient sur la pluralité des formes prises par le non-recours, qui peut aussi tenir à des obstacles informationnels et administratifs.
{"title":"Des pères absents ? Saisir la diversité du non-recours au congé de paternité à partir de méthodes mixtes","authors":"Alix Sponton","doi":"10.3917/popu.2301.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2301.0087","url":null,"abstract":"Dès son instauration en 2002 et jusqu’à sa réforme en 2021, le congé de paternité de onze jours a fait l’objet d’un succès immédiat. Court, bien indemnisé et répondant aux normes contemporaines de « bonne » paternité, toutes les conditions semblaient réunies pour favoriser son utilisation. Dans ce contexte, ce sont moins les pères qui utilisent ces deux semaines que ceux qui renoncent à leur droit qui interrogent. Qui sont les pères qui n’utilisent pas le congé de paternité en France ? Comment expliquer ce non-recours ? Peut-on y lire la revendication d’une paternité « traditionnelle », particulièrement attachée au modèle de « l’homme gagne-pain » ? À partir de méthodes mixtes, cet article identifie les caractéristiques des pères qui n’ont pas pris leur congé et retrace les mécanismes sous-jacents à ce phénomène. Si la priorisation de la sphère professionnelle est un frein essentiel à l’utilisation du dispositif, cette focale d’analyse ne permet pas de rendre compte d’une large partie des cas de non-recours, en particulier chez les pères non insérés dans un emploi salarié stable. L’étude revient sur la pluralité des formes prises par le non-recours, qui peut aussi tenir à des obstacles informationnels et administratifs.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anastasia C hristou et Eleonore K ofman , 2022, Gender and Migration , Springer, IMISCOE Research Series, 123 p.","authors":"Damien Trawalé","doi":"10.3917/popu.2301.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2301.0161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article propose de retracer l’histoire de la mise en lumière des unions non cohabitantes, aujourd’hui communément appelées relations Living apart together (LAT relationship ) dans la littérature scientifique internationale. Cette notion est pour la première fois formulée en 1980 par le démographe néerlandais Cees J. Straver, puis redéfinie par Jan Trost et John Haskey au tournant des années 2000. Elle a été progressivement prise en compte et opérationnalisée dans les enquêtes statistiques nationales et internationales réalisées dans les années 1990 et 2000. Ces relations ont donné lieu à différentes analyses : comparaison des relations non cohabitantes avec les autres formes de vie privée (mariage, union libre), comparaison des différentes formes de relations non cohabitantes, et suivi dans la durée des relations non cohabitantes. Cette histoire intellectuelle est traversée par une question récurrente : ces relations sont-elles le fruit de contraintes structurelles (études prolongées, difficulté à trouver un emploi stable) ou le reflet de nouvelles valeurs et attentes en matière de vie privée ?
本文追溯了非同居关系的发展历史，现在国际科学文献通常将其称为同居关系（LAT）。这一概念由荷兰人口学家 Cees J. Straver 于 1980 年首次提出，然后由 Jan Trost 和 John Haskey 在千年之交重新定义。在 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代开展的国家和国际统计调查中，这一概念逐渐得到考虑和操作。这些关系引发了各种分析：非同居关系与其他私人生活形式（婚姻、同居）的比较，不同形式非同居关系的比较，以及非同居关系的长期监测。一个反复出现的问题贯穿了这一思想史：这些关系是结构性限制（长期学习、难以找到稳定工作）的结果，还是新的价值观和对私人生活期望的反映？
{"title":"Les relations LAT ou living apart together : 40 ans de recherches sociodémographiques","authors":"C. Giraud","doi":"10.3917/popu.2301.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2301.0051","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article propose de retracer l’histoire de la mise en lumière des unions non cohabitantes, aujourd’hui communément appelées relations Living apart together (LAT relationship ) dans la littérature scientifique internationale. Cette notion est pour la première fois formulée en 1980 par le démographe néerlandais Cees J. Straver, puis redéfinie par Jan Trost et John Haskey au tournant des années 2000. Elle a été progressivement prise en compte et opérationnalisée dans les enquêtes statistiques nationales et internationales réalisées dans les années 1990 et 2000. Ces relations ont donné lieu à différentes analyses : comparaison des relations non cohabitantes avec les autres formes de vie privée (mariage, union libre), comparaison des différentes formes de relations non cohabitantes, et suivi dans la durée des relations non cohabitantes. Cette histoire intellectuelle est traversée par une question récurrente : ces relations sont-elles le fruit de contraintes structurelles (études prolongées, difficulté à trouver un emploi stable) ou le reflet de nouvelles valeurs et attentes en matière de vie privée ?","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irène T héry , 2022, Moi aussi. Une nouvelle civilité sexuelle , Seuil, Sciences humaines, 408 p.","authors":"H. Malmanche","doi":"10.3917/popu.2301.0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2301.0164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.2.11
A. Yarasheva, S. Makar, N. Alikperova
The article considers a relatively new aspect of the problem of sparsely populated Russia, associated with the possibility of increasing the life expectancy of the population. The ways to solve this problem are connected with the need to achieve the goal of the national project “Healthcare”. The authors show that in addition to improving the functioning of the national health system, human behavior is of great importance — his individual approach to preserving his own health through health-saving practices. In this regard, it is of theoretical and practical interest to compare two vectors of behavior — compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) and biohacking. The results of the study were an analysis of the values of the indicator of healthy life expectancy of Russians by macro-regions (federal districts) for the three-year period 2019–2021, which included the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The analysis made it possible to identify the most “prosperous” and “least prosperous” regions according to the noted indicator. Over the three-year period, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the trends in the spread of healthy lifestyle among Russians was carried out. The principles of biohacking that are more difficult for an individual to implement are given and its main audiences are noted. It is shown that biohacking, in the presence of many common features with the principles of healthy lifestyle, is a “superstructure” over healthy lifestyle. The conclusions of the article note the role of behavioral aspects in the preferences for choosing health-saving practices. An organizational approach is possible in relation to healthy lifestyle and biohacking, while it is necessary to assess the risks of using the latter for Russia. In order to expand the audience practicing the implementation of the strategy of health-saving behavior, the policy of the State, implemented in particular by medical personnel, is significant. The culture of physical health, which ensures an increase in labor productivity, is a part of the general culture of the nation.
{"title":"Modern health-saving practices of Russians","authors":"A. Yarasheva, S. Makar, N. Alikperova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a relatively new aspect of the problem of sparsely populated Russia, associated with the possibility of increasing the life expectancy of the population. The ways to solve this problem are connected with the need to achieve the goal of the national project “Healthcare”. The authors show that in addition to improving the functioning of the national health system, human behavior is of great importance — his individual approach to preserving his own health through health-saving practices. In this regard, it is of theoretical and practical interest to compare two vectors of behavior — compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) and biohacking. The results of the study were an analysis of the values of the indicator of healthy life expectancy of Russians by macro-regions (federal districts) for the three-year period 2019–2021, which included the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The analysis made it possible to identify the most “prosperous” and “least prosperous” regions according to the noted indicator. Over the three-year period, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the trends in the spread of healthy lifestyle among Russians was carried out. The principles of biohacking that are more difficult for an individual to implement are given and its main audiences are noted. It is shown that biohacking, in the presence of many common features with the principles of healthy lifestyle, is a “superstructure” over healthy lifestyle. The conclusions of the article note the role of behavioral aspects in the preferences for choosing health-saving practices. An organizational approach is possible in relation to healthy lifestyle and biohacking, while it is necessary to assess the risks of using the latter for Russia. In order to expand the audience practicing the implementation of the strategy of health-saving behavior, the policy of the State, implemented in particular by medical personnel, is significant. The culture of physical health, which ensures an increase in labor productivity, is a part of the general culture of the nation.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.2.12
Arsen Davitadze, E. Aleksandrova
Healthcare system in Russia lets patients choose where they want to get medical services: at public or private healthcare facilities. This choice may depend on several factors. According to Andersen’s healthcare utilization model, these factors can be divided into three groups: predisposing, enabling and need factors. The purpose of this study is to identify factors determining patient choice between public and private healthcare providers in Russia. Statistical and regression analysis was carried out using 2019 Rosstat data. We found that men and people from older age groups were more likely to attend public facilities, while people with higher education, employed and living in larger cities were more likely to attend private clinics. Higher income, having supplemental health insurance, and receiving medical services outside one’s city were associated with an increase in probability of using private healthcare providers. Analysis of need factors showed that worse health in individuals was associated with increased probability of choosing private medical organizations, whereas disability was associated with decreased probability of making the same choice.
{"title":"Utilization of public and private healthcare facilities: patient choice","authors":"Arsen Davitadze, E. Aleksandrova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare system in Russia lets patients choose where they want to get medical services: at public or private healthcare facilities. This choice may depend on several factors. According to Andersen’s healthcare utilization model, these factors can be divided into three groups: predisposing, enabling and need factors. The purpose of this study is to identify factors determining patient choice between public and private healthcare providers in Russia. Statistical and regression analysis was carried out using 2019 Rosstat data. We found that men and people from older age groups were more likely to attend public facilities, while people with higher education, employed and living in larger cities were more likely to attend private clinics. Higher income, having supplemental health insurance, and receiving medical services outside one’s city were associated with an increase in probability of using private healthcare providers. Analysis of need factors showed that worse health in individuals was associated with increased probability of choosing private medical organizations, whereas disability was associated with decreased probability of making the same choice.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44498830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.2.5
A. Volkov, S. Tishkov, Alexander Averianov
The article presents the results of a sociological study of the population of two Arctic regions of Russia using the actual tools for measuring six Hofstede’s ethnometric indicators (“masculinity”, “power distance”, “collectivism/individualism”, “uncertainty avoidance”, “longterm orientations”, “indulgence” at the individual level. The field stage of the study was carried out in October-November 2021 in the Arctic territories of Arkhangelsk oblast and the Komi Republic. The tasks of identifying indicators of the cultural specificity of the population of these territories, differences in the values of ethnometric indicators between separate social groups (gender, age, income level), as well as in the inter-territorial context, were solved. The results of the study show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of income and the values of the indicators “long-term orientations”, “masculinity” and “power distance” — the higher the value of these ethnometric indicators, the higher the individual’s income. It has been established that the population of the Arctic territories of the Komi Republic is characterized by a higher level of “collectivism”, “masculinity” and “uncertainty avoidance” than the population of Arkhangelsk oblast. The population of the Arctic territories of Arkhangelsk oblast, in turn, is characterized by higher values of the “permissibility of satisfaction of desires” indicator. A hypothesis is formulated about the mechanism of spatially determined socio-economic selection of cultural patterns of individuals, implemented in the mechanisms of human capital reproduction. This hypothesis needs to be operationalized and verified in the course of further research. The results obtained can be used in solving a wide range of tasks of public administration, in particular, for regional specification of State programs to stimulate entrepreneurial activity of the population and activities in the field of NGOs. The process of adaptation of the toolkit and its verification deserves a detailed consideration in a separate publication.
{"title":"Socio-cultural features of the population of the Russian Arctic regions","authors":"A. Volkov, S. Tishkov, Alexander Averianov","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a sociological study of the population of two Arctic regions of Russia using the actual tools for measuring six Hofstede’s ethnometric indicators (“masculinity”, “power distance”, “collectivism/individualism”, “uncertainty avoidance”, “longterm orientations”, “indulgence” at the individual level. The field stage of the study was carried out in October-November 2021 in the Arctic territories of Arkhangelsk oblast and the Komi Republic. The tasks of identifying indicators of the cultural specificity of the population of these territories, differences in the values of ethnometric indicators between separate social groups (gender, age, income level), as well as in the inter-territorial context, were solved. The results of the study show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of income and the values of the indicators “long-term orientations”, “masculinity” and “power distance” — the higher the value of these ethnometric indicators, the higher the individual’s income. It has been established that the population of the Arctic territories of the Komi Republic is characterized by a higher level of “collectivism”, “masculinity” and “uncertainty avoidance” than the population of Arkhangelsk oblast. The population of the Arctic territories of Arkhangelsk oblast, in turn, is characterized by higher values of the “permissibility of satisfaction of desires” indicator. A hypothesis is formulated about the mechanism of spatially determined socio-economic selection of cultural patterns of individuals, implemented in the mechanisms of human capital reproduction. This hypothesis needs to be operationalized and verified in the course of further research. The results obtained can be used in solving a wide range of tasks of public administration, in particular, for regional specification of State programs to stimulate entrepreneurial activity of the population and activities in the field of NGOs. The process of adaptation of the toolkit and its verification deserves a detailed consideration in a separate publication.","PeriodicalId":47095,"journal":{"name":"Population","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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