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Environmental Recovery after the Dust Bowl: Implication of Land Policies in the Great Plains 沙尘暴后的环境恢复:大平原土地政策的启示
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1086/726154
Aparna Howlader
Land policies, especially those related to land restoration, take significant time to reveal any detectable effect on environmental quality. This paper evaluates farmland conservation programs from their introduction to capture the shortand long-term effects on the environment. I demonstrate that current differences in environmental outcomes within the Great Plains can be traced to the introduction of farmland conservation activities in the 1930s. Using spatial and temporal variation in the policy, I identify that the policy has a considerable immediate effect on the agricultural landscape. Spatial heterogeneity depends on agrarian land tenancy, access to irrigation, institutional, political, and demographic factors. Also, using spatial variation in federal planning map and incentive structure for land conversion, I present that the initial conversion of land through many institutional changes had persistent effects on soil erosion in the long term. Using the policy’s discontinuity in some years, I reveal that the likelihood of landowners’ deciding to restore grassland significantly decreases if the federal subsidy is removed.
土地政策,特别是与土地恢复有关的政策,需要很长时间才能揭示对环境质量的任何可察觉的影响。本文从农田保护计划的引入来评估其对环境的短期和长期影响。我证明,目前大平原地区环境结果的差异可以追溯到20世纪30年代农田保护活动的引入。利用政策的空间和时间变化,我发现该政策对农业景观有相当大的直接影响。空间异质性取决于土地租赁、灌溉、制度、政治和人口因素。此外,利用联邦规划图中的空间变化和土地转换的激励结构,我认为通过许多制度变化进行的土地初始转换对土壤侵蚀具有长期影响。利用该政策在几年中的不连续性,我发现,如果取消联邦补贴,土地所有者决定恢复草原的可能性会大大降低。
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引用次数: 0
Does the National Flood Insurance Program Drive Migration to Higher Risk Areas? 国家洪水保险计划会推动移民到高风险地区吗?
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1086/726155
A. Peralta, Jonathan B. Scott
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引用次数: 0
California’s cap-and-trade program and emission leakage in the Western Interconnection: comparing econometric and partial equilibrium model estimates 加州的总量管制与交易计划与西方互联互通中的排放泄漏:比较计量经济学和部分均衡模型的估计
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1086/726053
C. L. Prete, A. Tyagi, Qingyu Xu
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying Heterogeneity in the Price Elasticity of Residential Natural Gas 住宅天然气价格弹性异质性的量化研究
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1086/726017
Edward A. Rubin, M. Auffhammer
We exploit a spatial discontinuity in two natural gas utilities’ service territory—combined with variation in their block-rate pricing structure and a difference in how prima facie determined wholesale prices are deferentially passed though to consumers—to identify average, seasonal, and income-specific own-price elasticities of residential natural gas demand. We estimate an average elasticity ranging from 0.15–0.19 depending on the measure of price used. We further estimate that this elasticity varies substantially across seasons, income groups, and their interaction. We find no significant difference in consumers’ responses to average versus marginal prices. JEL Codes: Q41, Q48, D12, H23, Q31
我们利用两家天然气公用事业公司服务区域的空间不连续性——结合其整体定价结构的差异以及初步确定的批发价格如何传递给消费者的差异——来确定居民天然气需求的平均、季节性和特定收入的自有价格弹性。我们估计平均弹性在0.15-0.19之间,这取决于所使用的价格度量。我们进一步估计,这种弹性在不同季节、不同收入群体及其相互作用中有很大差异。我们发现消费者对平均价格和边际价格的反应没有显著差异。JEL代码:Q41, Q48, D12, H23, Q31
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引用次数: 1
Climate finance intermediation: interest spread effects in a climate policy model 气候融资中介:气候政策模型中的利差效应
3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1086/725920
Kai Lessmann, Matthias Kalkuhl
Previous articleNext article No AccessClimate finance intermediation: interest spread effects in a climate policy modelKai Lessmann and Matthias KalkuhlKai Lessmann Search for more articles by this author and Matthias Kalkuhl Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Just Accepted Published for the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725920 Views: 21Total views on this site HistoryAccepted April 07, 2023 © 2023 Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. All Rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
上一篇文章下一篇文章无法获取气候融资中介:气候政策模型中的利益扩散效应kai Lessmann和Matthias Kalkuhl搜索本文作者和Matthias Kalkuhl搜索本文作者的更多文章PDFPDF PLUS添加到收藏中下载引文跟踪引文missions转载在facebook twitter上分享linkedinredditemailprint sectionsdetailsfigures参考文献被环境与资源经济学家协会杂志引用环境与资源经济学家协会杂志刚刚接受为环境协会出版和资源经济学家文章DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725920浏览量:21本网站总浏览量历史接受2023年4月7日©2023环境与资源经济学家协会。Crossref报告没有引用这篇文章的文章。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Income on Vehicle Demand: Evidence from China's New Vehicle Market 收入对汽车需求的影响——来自中国新车市场的证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/725910
Joshua Linn, Chang Shen
Growth of private vehicle ownership in low-income and emerging countries is a dominant factor in forecasts of global oil demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Countries such as China are expected to experience rapid income growth over the next few decades, but little causal evidence exists on its effect on car ownership in these countries. Using city-level data on new car sales and income from 2005 to 2017, and using export-led growth to isolate plausibly exogenous income variation, we estimate an elasticity of new car sales to income of about 2.5. This estimate indicates that recent projections of vehicle sales in China have understated actual sales by 36 percent and carbon dioxide emissions by 18 million metric tons in 2017. The results suggest that, to meet its climate objectives, China’s climate policies will need to be substantially more aggressive than previous forecasts indicate. *Linn: University of Maryland and Resources for the Future (linn@umd.edu). Shen: University of Maryland. The authors thank Anna Alberini, Jim Archsmith, Erich Battistin, Jing Cai, and Cinzia Cirilo for helpful comments.
低收入和新兴国家私家车拥有量的增长,是预测全球石油需求和温室气体排放的一个主要因素。预计未来几十年,中国等国家的收入将出现快速增长,但几乎没有证据表明收入增长对这些国家汽车保有量的影响。利用2005年至2017年城市一级的新车销售和收入数据,并利用出口导向型增长来隔离看似合理的外生收入变化,我们估计新车销售对收入的弹性约为2.5。这一估计表明,最近对中国汽车销量的预测低估了2017年36%的实际销量和1800万吨的二氧化碳排放量。结果表明,为了实现其气候目标,中国的气候政策需要比之前的预测更加积极。*Linn:马里兰大学和未来资源(linn@umd.edu)。沈:马里兰大学。作者感谢Anna Alberini、Jim Archsmith、Erich Battistin、Jing Cai和Cinzia Cirilo提供的有益意见。
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引用次数: 1
Input Efficiency as a Solution to Externalities and Resource Scarcity: A Randomized Controlled Trial 投入效率作为外部性和资源稀缺的解决方案:一项随机对照试验
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/725700
F. Alpízar, María Bernedo Del Carpio, Paul J. Ferraro
Resource-conserving technologies are widely reported to benefit both the people who adopt them and the environment. Evidence for these “win-win” claims comes largely from modeling or nonexperimental designs and mostly from the energy sector. In a randomized trial of water-efficient technologies, the ex ante engineering estimate of water use reductions was three times higher than the experimental estimate, a divergence arising from engineering and behavioral reasons other than the rebound effect. Using detailed cost information and experimentally elicited time and risk preferences, we infer that the private welfare gains from adoption are, on average, negative, implying no “efficiency paradox.”
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引用次数: 0
California’s GHG cap and trade program and the equity of air toxic releases 加州的温室气体总量控制和交易计划以及空气有毒物质排放的公平性
IF 3.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/725699
G. Sheriff
Carbon trading faces pushback over concerns of increasing copollutant exposure for minorities. Combining federal and state data I evaluate three questions concerning the distribution of hazardous air pollutants after implementation of California’s greenhouse gas cap-and-trade program. Did air toxic releases from facilities covered by the GHG program upwind of minorities disproportionately increase? Did minority communities suffer a disproportionate increase in cumulative exposure from covered facilities? Did minorities overall suffer higher exposure to air toxics from all sources relative to a counterfactual no-cap-and-trade scenario? Results suggest that covered facilities upwind of minorities did not have higher releases, and minority communities experienced a relative reduction in cumulative exposure from them. Under all policy scenarios minorities have a less desirable exposure distribution than whites. However, both demographic groups have a better air toxic exposure distribution with the cap-and-trade program than in a counterfactual without.
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引用次数: 0
Front Matter 前页
3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/726105
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引用次数: 0
Unemployment, Labor Mobility, and Climate Policy 失业、劳动力流动和气候政策
3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1086/725482
Kenneth A. Castellanos, Garth Heutel
We develop a computable general equilibrium model of the United States economy to study the unemployment effects of climate policy and the importance of cross-sectoral labor mobility. We consider two alternate extreme assumptions about labor mobility: either perfect mobility, as is assumed in much previous work, or perfect immobility. The effect of a $35 per ton carbon tax on aggregate unemployment is small and similar across the two labor mobility assumptions (0.2–0.3 percentage points). The effect on unemployment in fossil fuel sectors is much larger under the immobility assumption – a 30 percentage-point increase in the coal sector – suggesting that models omitting labor mobility frictions may greatly under-predict sectoral unemployment effects. Returning carbon tax revenue through labor tax cuts can dampen or even reverse negative impacts on unemployment, while command-and-control policies yield larger unemployment effects.
我们建立了一个可计算的美国经济一般均衡模型,以研究气候政策对失业的影响以及跨部门劳动力流动的重要性。我们考虑了关于劳动力流动的两个交替的极端假设:要么是完全的流动性,就像以前很多工作中假设的那样,要么是完全的不流动性。在两种劳动力流动性假设中,每吨35美元的碳税对总失业率的影响很小,而且相似(0.2-0.3个百分点)。在不流动假设下,化石燃料部门对失业的影响要大得多——煤炭部门增加了30个百分点——这表明忽略劳动力流动摩擦的模型可能大大低估了部门失业的影响。通过削减劳动税来返还碳税收入可以抑制甚至扭转对失业的负面影响,而命令和控制政策则会产生更大的失业效应。
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
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