Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502070
Pablo Muñoz-Martínez , Marta Domínguez-Álvaro , Fernando Sánchez-Alonso , Elena Grau García , José Ivorra Cortés , José Andrés Román Ivorra
Objectives
To determine the incidence rate of neoplasms among the GPSD population and compare it with the Spanish general population, as well as to identify its role as a paraneoplastic syndrome in terms of temporal criteria.
Methods
An observational, single-center, longitudinal study on GPSD patients (2015–2023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical variables and neoplasms found after GPSD diagnosis (excluding metastatic events or recurrences and non-melanoma skin cancer) were collected. In order to adjust by age and sex, we performed an indirect standardization method and calculated the standardized neoplasm ratio (SNR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR).
Results
Among 334 patients, 16 (4.8%) developed neoplasms, with 11 diagnosed within the first two years (7 within the first year).
The SNR was 4.03 (CI 95% 1.53–6.53) in women and 2.37 (CI 95% 0.47–4.27) in men. Considering the neoplasms diagnosed in the two first years, the SNR were 2.42 (CI 95% 0.484–4.356) in women and 2.11 (CI 95% 0.258–3.868) in men.
Conclusion
We observed a high incidence rate of neoplasms in our women GPSD patients. While no statistical significance was reached in men or in cases beyond two years post-diagnosis, a tendency toward higher rates was noted. These findings emphasize the need for further research on the potential oncologic implications of GPSD.
{"title":"Giant cell arteritis-polymyalgia rheumatica spectrum disease (GPSD): Relation with neoplasms and possible role as a paraneoplastic syndrome","authors":"Pablo Muñoz-Martínez , Marta Domínguez-Álvaro , Fernando Sánchez-Alonso , Elena Grau García , José Ivorra Cortés , José Andrés Román Ivorra","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the incidence rate of neoplasms among the GPSD population and compare it with the Spanish general population, as well as to identify its role as a paraneoplastic syndrome in terms of temporal criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, single-center, longitudinal study on GPSD patients (2015–2023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical variables and neoplasms found after GPSD diagnosis (excluding metastatic events or recurrences and non-melanoma skin cancer) were collected. In order to adjust by age and sex, we performed an indirect standardization method and calculated the standardized neoplasm ratio (SNR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 334 patients, 16 (4.8%) developed neoplasms, with 11 diagnosed within the first two years (7 within the first year).</div><div>The SNR was 4.03 (CI 95% 1.53–6.53) in women and 2.37 (CI 95% 0.47–4.27) in men. Considering the neoplasms diagnosed in the two first years, the SNR were 2.42 (CI 95% 0.484–4.356) in women and 2.11 (CI 95% 0.258–3.868) in men.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed a high incidence rate of neoplasms in our women GPSD patients. While no statistical significance was reached in men or in cases beyond two years post-diagnosis, a tendency toward higher rates was noted. These findings emphasize the need for further research on the potential oncologic implications of GPSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502048
Alfredo Madrid-García , Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Beatriz Merino-Barbancho
Background
Social-media data are increasingly used in medicine for diverse applications. Although several studies have examined social media in rheumatology, most have focused on individual diseases. To date, no work has systematically explored the full spectrum of rheumatology-specific communities on Reddit, and sentiment analysis has not been broadly applied across these communities. This study addresses that gap by identifying rheumatology-related subreddits, describing their characteristics, and analysing the sentiment of their discussions.
Methods
The Reddit search engine was used to identify candidate subreddits. For each subreddit we collected its name, creation date, subscriber count, public status, and activity since May 2023. We included only active subreddits with >1000 subscribers, a clear rheumatology focus, and data retrievable through Pushshift.io. Descriptive metrics were calculated to characterise the selected communities, and a pre-trained, fine-tuned sentiment-analysis model was applied to classify posts.
Results
Twenty subreddits met the inclusion criteria, with subscriber counts ranging from 2000 (r/Behcets) to 70,000 (r/Fibromyalgia). All communities exhibited near-exponential growth from 2016 to 2017 onward. Analysis of the ten most-commented threads in each subreddit yielded 32 thematic categories; the most frequent were “Patients Like Me”, “Asking for Emotional Support”, “Asking for Demographic Information”, and “COVID-19”. Negative sentiment predominated in subreddits devoted to musculoskeletal disorders of mechanical origin (e.g., costochondritis, back pain) and fibromyalgia. Themes such as “Expressing Hopelessness” and “Asking for Help: Symptom Management” were also associated with higher levels of negativity.
Conclusions
Rheumatology communities use Reddit to discuss health-related issues, suggesting opportunities to enhance patient support and engagement. Study limitations include the demographic skew of Reddit users, reliance on a model trained on Twitter data, and the exclusion of subreddits with fewer than 1000 subscribers, potentially omitting smaller emerging communities.
{"title":"Rheumatology on Reddit: A descriptive and sentiment analysis","authors":"Alfredo Madrid-García , Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Beatriz Merino-Barbancho","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social-media data are increasingly used in medicine for diverse applications. Although several studies have examined social media in rheumatology, most have focused on individual diseases. To date, no work has systematically explored the full spectrum of rheumatology-specific communities on Reddit, and sentiment analysis has not been broadly applied across these communities. This study addresses that gap by identifying rheumatology-related subreddits, describing their characteristics, and analysing the sentiment of their discussions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Reddit search engine was used to identify candidate subreddits. For each subreddit we collected its name, creation date, subscriber count, public status, and activity since May 2023. We included only active subreddits with >1000 subscribers, a clear rheumatology focus, and data retrievable through Pushshift.io. Descriptive metrics were calculated to characterise the selected communities, and a pre-trained, fine-tuned sentiment-analysis model was applied to classify posts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty subreddits met the inclusion criteria, with subscriber counts ranging from 2000 (r/Behcets) to 70,000 (r/Fibromyalgia). All communities exhibited near-exponential growth from 2016 to 2017 onward. Analysis of the ten most-commented threads in each subreddit yielded 32 thematic categories; the most frequent were “<em>Patients Like Me</em>”, “<em>Asking for Emotional Support</em>”, “<em>Asking for Demographic Information</em>”, and “<em>COVID-19</em>”. Negative sentiment predominated in subreddits devoted to musculoskeletal disorders of mechanical origin (e.g., costochondritis, back pain) and fibromyalgia. Themes such as “<em>Expressing Hopelessness</em>” and “<em>Asking for Help: Symptom Management</em>” were also associated with higher levels of negativity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rheumatology communities use Reddit to discuss health-related issues, suggesting opportunities to enhance patient support and engagement. Study limitations include the demographic skew of Reddit users, reliance on a model trained on Twitter data, and the exclusion of subreddits with fewer than 1000 subscribers, potentially omitting smaller emerging communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502049
Javier Bachiller-Corral, Jesus Loarce-Martos, Verónica García-García, Sonia Jiménez Barrios, Alonso Gonzales Montes, Mauro Ferre-Sanfrancisco, María Auxiliadora Martin-Martínez, Mónica Vázquez-Díaz
Objective
To validate, in routine clinical practice, the SER/SEPAR criteria for the screening of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in patients with RA who had undergone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs within the past 5 years. Clinical and radiological variables were collected, and the proposed screening criteria were applied. Sensitivity and specificity of the overall algorithm, as well as of its individual components, were calculated.
Results
A total of 270 patients were included (71% women), with a mean age of 64.3 years and a mean disease duration of 10.8 years. Among them, 58 patients (21.5%) had ILD on HRCT. Application of the SER/SEPAR criteria yielded a sensitivity of 96.5% and a specificity of 25%, recommending screening tests in 90% of patients and HRCT in 75% of them. The individual sensitivity of chest radiography and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for the detection of ILD was low (≤ 50%) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The presence of lung crackles on lung auscultation was the finding with the highest specificity (92.9%).
Conclusion
The SER/SEPAR screening criteria show excellent sensitivity but low specificity, leading to the recommendation of diagnostic testing in the majority of patients. In our cohort, chest X-ray and PFTs demonstrated limited utility for ILD screening in patients with RA.
{"title":"Validación de los criterios SER/SEPAR para el cribado de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en una amplia cohorte de pacientes con artritis reumatoide","authors":"Javier Bachiller-Corral, Jesus Loarce-Martos, Verónica García-García, Sonia Jiménez Barrios, Alonso Gonzales Montes, Mauro Ferre-Sanfrancisco, María Auxiliadora Martin-Martínez, Mónica Vázquez-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To validate, in routine clinical practice, the SER/SEPAR criteria for the screening of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted in patients with RA who had undergone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs within the past 5 years. Clinical and radiological variables were collected, and the proposed screening criteria were applied. Sensitivity and specificity of the overall algorithm, as well as of its individual components, were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 270 patients were included (71% women), with a mean age of 64.3 years and a mean disease duration of 10.8 years. Among them, 58 patients (21.5%) had ILD on HRCT. Application of the SER/SEPAR criteria yielded a sensitivity of 96.5% and a specificity of 25%, recommending screening tests in 90% of patients and HRCT in 75% of them. The individual sensitivity of chest radiography and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for the detection of ILD was low (≤<!--> <!-->50%) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The presence of lung crackles on lung auscultation was the finding with the highest specificity (92.9%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SER/SEPAR screening criteria show excellent sensitivity but low specificity, leading to the recommendation of diagnostic testing in the majority of patients. In our cohort, chest X-ray and PFTs demonstrated limited utility for ILD screening in patients with RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502050
Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro , Olga Lidia Vera-Lastra , Nayeli Flores-Flores , Abihai Lucas-Hernández , Marcos Osvaldo Molina-Chávez , José Emmanuel Zúñiga Espinosa , Humberto Anduaga-Domínguez
Introduction
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by modeling substances (ASIA-MS) is a health problem in many countries. Chronic immune activation caused by these substances has been implicated not only in autoimmune disease development but, in rare cases, also in malignancy.
Materials and methods
A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted, including 111 patients with ASIA-MS. Demographic, clinical, and immunological variables were collected, and the presence of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms was evaluated.
Results
The 9.9% developed well-defined autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, and sarcoidosis) and 7.2% developed malignancies (lymphoma, breast cancer, melanoma, chondrosarcoma, intestinal adenocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer).
Conclusion
Although a causal relationship cannot be inferred due to the study design, these findings suggest a possible association between chronic immune stimulation induced by modeling substances and the subsequent development of autoimmunity or malignancy.
{"title":"Autoimmune and malignant diseases secondary to autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by modeling substances (ASIA-MS): A short communication of a clinical case series","authors":"Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro , Olga Lidia Vera-Lastra , Nayeli Flores-Flores , Abihai Lucas-Hernández , Marcos Osvaldo Molina-Chávez , José Emmanuel Zúñiga Espinosa , Humberto Anduaga-Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by modeling substances (ASIA-MS) is a health problem in many countries. Chronic immune activation caused by these substances has been implicated not only in autoimmune disease development but, in rare cases, also in malignancy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted, including 111 patients with ASIA-MS. Demographic, clinical, and immunological variables were collected, and the presence of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 9.9% developed well-defined autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, and sarcoidosis) and 7.2% developed malignancies (lymphoma, breast cancer, melanoma, chondrosarcoma, intestinal adenocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although a causal relationship cannot be inferred due to the study design, these findings suggest a possible association between chronic immune stimulation induced by modeling substances and the subsequent development of autoimmunity or malignancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502046
Maria Llop , Albert Villoria , Xavier Calvet , Mireia Moreno , Marta Arévalo , Ester Saus , Jordi Gratacós , Joan Calvet
Introduction
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share pathophysiological mechanisms and often coexist, complicating diagnosis and management. A multidisciplinary approach can optimize care.
Methods
A descriptive, retrospective study analyzed the activity of the Rheumatology-Gastroenterology multidisciplinary unit at Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí between January 2018 and April 2025. Medical records and hospital registries were reviewed.
Results
A total of 258 patients were seen (62.8% women), with 666 visits in total. Of these, 35.7% were referred from Rheumatology and 64.3% from Gastroenterology. A total of 60 patients (23.3%) were identified with SpA-IBD association, of which 44 were de novo diagnoses (17%): 35 patients were diagnosed with SpA and 9 with IBD. Treatment was modified in 58.3% of these cases. In addition, a training program was implemented with resident rotations and regular clinical sessions.
Conclusions
The multidisciplinary model may facilitate early diagnosis and improve the comprehensive management of patients with SpA and IBD, enhancing therapeutic coordination and specialized training.
{"title":"Unidad multidisciplinar de espondiloartritis y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: experiencia de 7 años","authors":"Maria Llop , Albert Villoria , Xavier Calvet , Mireia Moreno , Marta Arévalo , Ester Saus , Jordi Gratacós , Joan Calvet","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share pathophysiological mechanisms and often coexist, complicating diagnosis and management. A multidisciplinary approach can optimize care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive, retrospective study analyzed the activity of the Rheumatology-Gastroenterology multidisciplinary unit at Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí between January 2018 and April 2025. Medical records and hospital registries were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 258 patients were seen (62.8% women), with 666 visits in total. Of these, 35.7% were referred from Rheumatology and 64.3% from Gastroenterology. A total of 60 patients (23.3%) were identified with SpA-IBD association, of which 44 were de novo diagnoses (17%): 35 patients were diagnosed with SpA and 9 with IBD. Treatment was modified in 58.3% of these cases. In addition, a training program was implemented with resident rotations and regular clinical sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The multidisciplinary model may facilitate early diagnosis and improve the comprehensive management of patients with SpA and IBD, enhancing therapeutic coordination and specialized training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502044
Umut Bakay
{"title":"Right ventriculoarterial coupling as a marker of subclinical myocardial damage in rheumatoid arthritis: Comments on the study by Miranda-Aquino et al.","authors":"Umut Bakay","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502052
Romina Andrea Calvo , Jesica Romina Gallo , Alberto Ortiz , Sergio Paira
Objectives
To evaluate and compare the manifestations of IgG4-RD in patients ≤ 25 years of age (pediatric, adolescents and young adults) and those ≥ 50 years of age.
Materials and methods
A retrospective descriptive study of 64 patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD based on the Umehara 2011/2020 criteria and the ACR/EULAR 2019 classification criteria, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. The medical records of these two age groups were reviewed.
Results
Of the 64 patients, 7 were ≤25 years old (11%) and 35 were ≥50 years old (54.7%). Among patients ≤ 25 years old, 6 were female, with a mean age at consultation of 21.3 years (± 5.06). Five (71%) had single-organ involvement, while two presented with multi-organ involvement. In the ≥50 years group, females also predominated (57%), with a mean age at consultation of 60 years (± 7.4) and more constitutional symptoms were observed, multi-organ involvement (p = 0.009), asthenia (p = 0.047), lymph nodes (p = 0.047), submandibular gland involvement (p = 0.009), lung involvement (p = 0.013) and parotidomegaly (p = 0.097). Ocular involvement was more frequent in those under 25 years of age; however, in those over 50 years of age, this involvement was mostly bilateral (p = 0.011). There were no statistically significant differences in laboratory variables between both groups. There was a predominance of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the majority of the biopsies performed. In cases of ocular involvement, histopathological analysis revealed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with no differences in the presence of storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, or eosinophilic infiltrate. However, the latter was more frequent in older patients.
Conclusion
Reviewing the literature and describing our data on IgG4-RD in children is crucial, as pediatric physicians often overlook this condition. This fact, as in adult cases, could help prevent unnecessary surgeries and irreversible organ damage.
{"title":"Comparison of IgG4 related disease in patients aged ≤ 25 years (pediatric, adolescent, and young adult) and those aged ≥ 50 years","authors":"Romina Andrea Calvo , Jesica Romina Gallo , Alberto Ortiz , Sergio Paira","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the manifestations of IgG4-RD in patients<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->25 years of age (pediatric, adolescents and young adults) and those<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->50 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study of 64 patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD based on the Umehara 2011/2020 criteria and the ACR/EULAR 2019 classification criteria, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. The medical records of these two age groups were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 64 patients, 7 were ≤25 years old (11%) and 35 were ≥50 years old (54.7%). Among patients<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->25 years old, 6 were female, with a mean age at consultation of 21.3 years (± 5.06). Five (71%) had single-organ involvement, while two presented with multi-organ involvement. In the ≥50 years group, females also predominated (57%), with a mean age at consultation of 60 years (± 7.4) and more constitutional symptoms were observed, multi-organ involvement (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.009), asthenia (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.047), lymph nodes (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.047), submandibular gland involvement (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.009), lung involvement (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013) and parotidomegaly (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.097). Ocular involvement was more frequent in those under 25 years of age; however, in those over 50 years of age, this involvement was mostly bilateral (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.011). There were no statistically significant differences in laboratory variables between both groups. There was a predominance of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the majority of the biopsies performed. In cases of ocular involvement, histopathological analysis revealed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with no differences in the presence of storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, or eosinophilic infiltrate. However, the latter was more frequent in older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Reviewing the literature and describing our data on IgG4-RD in children is crucial, as pediatric physicians often overlook this condition. This fact, as in adult cases, could help prevent unnecessary surgeries and irreversible organ damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Oxidative stress (OS) is currently becoming an area of interest in AS pathogenesis and progression.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate serum oxidative and anti-oxidative status in patients with AS and to assess the relationships between OS markers and disease indices.
Patients and methods
Forty-four AS patients (mean age: 44.9 ± 14.12 years, sex-ratio M/F: 2.14) and 46 healthy controls (mean age: 44.62 ± 10.74 years, sex-ratio M/F: 2.28) with no known diseases were included in the study. Oxidant markers – advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) – and anti-oxidant molecules – catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced gluthatione (GSH) – were measured. The Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI) were calculated.
Results
In AS patients, mean disease duration was 21.11 months [range: 2–54] and the mean BASDAI and BASFI scores were 4.52 ± 1.45 and 4.64 ± 2.52, respectively. No differences in term of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile, uric acid, total bilirubin and homocystein level were observed. The levels of oxidant markers (AOPP and MDA) were significantly higher (p < 10−6) and the levels of anti-oxidant markers (CAT, GPx and GSH) were significantly lower (p < 10−6) in AS patients than those in healthy control subjects. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between AOPP levels and BASDAI score (p = 0.001) and BASFI score (p = 0.006) and a significant negative correlation between GPx activity and BASDAI score (p = 0.001) and BASFI score (p = 0.01).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates an oxidative stress condition characterized by increased oxidant markers and decreased antioxidant capacity in AS patients compared to controls, suggesting that OS may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.
{"title":"Elevated oxidative stress markers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A case–control study","authors":"Zouhour Gassara , Hela Fourati , Mariem Meseddi , Aida Elleuch , Afef Feki , Mohamed Hedi Kallel , Sofien Baklouti , Khansa Chaabouni , Fatma Ayadi","doi":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reuma.2025.502047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Oxidative stress (OS) is currently becoming an area of interest in AS pathogenesis and progression.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate serum oxidative and anti-oxidative status in patients with AS and to assess the relationships between OS markers and disease indices.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Forty-four AS patients (mean age: 44.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->14.12 years, sex-ratio M/F: 2.14) and 46 healthy controls (mean age: 44.62<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.74 years, sex-ratio M/F: 2.28) with no known diseases were included in the study. Oxidant markers – advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) – and anti-oxidant molecules – catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced gluthatione (GSH) – were measured. The Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI) were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In AS patients, mean disease duration was 21.11 months [range: 2–54] and the mean BASDAI and BASFI scores were 4.52<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.45 and 4.64<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.52, respectively. No differences in term of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile, uric acid, total bilirubin and homocystein level were observed. The levels of oxidant markers (AOPP and MDA) were significantly higher (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->10<sup>−6</sup>) and the levels of anti-oxidant markers (CAT, GPx and GSH) were significantly lower (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->10<sup>−6</sup>) in AS patients than those in healthy control subjects. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between AOPP levels and BASDAI score (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and BASFI score (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.006) and a significant negative correlation between GPx activity and BASDAI score (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and BASFI score (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates an oxidative stress condition characterized by increased oxidant markers and decreased antioxidant capacity in AS patients compared to controls, suggesting that OS may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47115,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia Clinica","volume":"22 2","pages":"Article 502047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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