Advances in Life Course Research最新文献

Unpaid caregiving across the lifespan and health outcomes in later life 整个生命周期的无偿照顾和晚年的健康结果。

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100722

Janecca A. Chin, I-Fen Lin

Unpaid caregiving for loved ones with health limitations is a common life course experience that often renders lasting health consequences. Yet few studies adopt a life course lens to examine how caregiving accumulates over time to shape health in later life. Most research treats caregiving as a discrete event confined to a single life stage, thereby obscuring its cumulative nature. Using retrospective caregiving histories in the 2017 and 2019 Life History Mail Survey, an off-wave supplement to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study identifies distinct lifespan caregiving profiles among 3194 ever-caregivers through latent class analysis, based on age at first care onset, recurrence, total duration, and overlap. Four profiles emerged: Compressed Caregivers (brief caregiving in later life), Early Enduring Caregivers (early and sustained caregiving), Recurrent Caregivers (multiple sequential caregiving episodes), and Immersed Caregivers (early, prolonged, and overlapping caregiving). Using HRS health measures, we assessed how these caregiving profiles relate to later-life health, stratified by gender. Compared with non-caregivers, women in the Immersed and Early Enduring profiles reported more chronic conditions, women in the Immersed profile experienced more depressive symptoms, and both women and men in the Compressed and Recurrent profiles showed lower odds of cognitive impairment. By linking lifespan caregiving patterns to multiple later-life health domains, this study highlights the importance of a cumulative life course perspective to understanding caregiving’s long-term health impacts. Findings underscore the need for tailored supports that account for caregivers’ diverse and accumulated experiences.

对有健康问题的亲人进行无偿照顾是一种常见的生命历程经历，往往会造成持久的健康后果。然而，很少有研究采用生命历程的视角来考察护理如何随着时间的推移而积累，从而影响晚年的健康。大多数研究将看护视为局限于单个生命阶段的离散事件，从而模糊了其累积性质。本研究利用2017年和2019年生活史邮件调查（健康与退休研究（HRS）的非正式补充）中的回顾性护理史，通过潜在类别分析，根据首次护理开始的年龄、复发、总持续时间和重叠，确定了3194名曾经照顾者的不同寿命护理概况。出现了四种类型：压缩照顾者（晚年短暂的照顾），早期持久照顾者（早期和持续的照顾），反复照顾者（多次连续的照顾事件）和浸入式照顾者（早期，长时间和重叠的照顾）。使用HRS健康测量，我们评估了这些护理概况与晚年健康的关系，并按性别分层。与非照顾者相比，沉浸型和早期持久型的女性报告了更多的慢性疾病，沉浸型的女性经历了更多的抑郁症状，而压缩型和复发型的女性和男性都表现出更低的认知障碍几率。通过将终身照护模式与多个晚年健康领域联系起来，本研究强调了累积生命历程视角对理解照护的长期健康影响的重要性。调查结果强调需要根据护理人员的不同和积累的经验提供量身定制的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Young adult life courses in the Global South: A comparative framework and research agenda 全球南方的青年生命历程：比较框架和研究议程

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100723

Anette Eva Fasang , Ignacio Cabib , Adam Cooper , Rob J. Gruijters , Yang Hu

As of 2025, 85% of the world population lives in countries typically associated with the Global South. Fifty percent of the world’s population is under age 30. This article introduces the special issue on “Young Adult Life Courses in the Global South.” It aims to provide a conceptual entry point for globally comparative research on young adult life courses. We systematize and contextualize key insights from the twelve contributions to this special issue, which were selected through an open call, on 1) relevant macro-structural conditions for young adult life courses in the Global South, 2) conceptualizing adulthood processes, including implications for young adults’ agency. Based on the contributions to this special issue, we propose a comparative framework that focuses on the locally specific interplay between economic, normative, and temporal conditions for navigating social adulthood. Second, we summarize the authors’ critiques of established concepts of young adulthood and highlight alternative conceptualizations that they employ, including their implications for young adults’ agency. We close by outlining avenues for future research for a globally comparative research agenda on young adult life courses.

截至2025年，85%的世界人口生活在通常与全球南方有关的国家。世界上50%的人口年龄在30岁以下。这篇文章介绍了“全球南方青年生活课程”的特刊。它的目的是为青年生命历程的全球比较研究提供一个概念切入点。我们将通过公开征集选出的本期特刊的12篇文章中的关键见解系统化并置于背景中，内容涉及：1)全球南方国家年轻人生命历程的相关宏观结构条件；2)成年过程的概念化，包括对年轻人主体的影响。基于对本期特刊的贡献，我们提出了一个比较框架，该框架侧重于经济、规范和时间条件之间的本地特定相互作用，以引导社会成年。其次，我们总结了作者对青年成人既定概念的批评，并强调了他们采用的其他概念，包括他们对年轻人能动性的影响。最后，我们概述了未来青年生活课程全球比较研究议程的研究途径。

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引用次数: 0

Housing tenure trajectories and health in later life across Europe 整个欧洲的住房使用权轨迹和晚年健康状况

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100711

Agostino Cristofalo , Eleonora Trappolini

Background

Previous research has shown that standard patterns of work and family trajectories over the life course are associated with better health in later life. In this study, we investigate whether this extends to housing tenure trajectories.

Methods

Using 2017 SHARELIFE retrospective data, we explore how housing tenure trajectories (ages 16–65) are associated with multiple health outcomes among 65–75 years-old adults residing in eleven European countries. We use sequence and cluster analysis to identify main types of housing tenure trajectories and logistic regression models to explore their association with outcomes of self-rated health, chronic morbidity, and activity limitations (GALI).

Results

We identified six clusters of housing tenure trajectories: ‘early-homeowners’ (62.6 %), ‘late-homeowners’ (7.1 %), ‘never-leavers’ (11.6 %), ‘private tenants’ (9.3 %), ‘social tenants’ (6.4 %), and ‘rent-free and others’ (3.1 %). Non-standard housing tenure trajectories patterns – particularly those of ‘social tenants’, ‘private tenants’, and ‘never-leavers’ – were associated with poorer later-life health compared to the standard pattern of ‘early-homeowners’, consistently across outcomes and more evidently among women. We found weaker evidence for variation of the association across country groups, with some exceptions.

Conclusion

Housing tenure trajectories across the life course are associated with later-life health outcomes. In particular, non-standard housing tenure trajectories are associated with a health disadvantage in later life compared to the standard pattern of early-homeowners, characterised by an early transition and a long-term stay in homeownership.

之前的研究表明，一生中工作和家庭轨迹的标准模式与晚年的健康状况有关。在这项研究中，我们调查了这是否延伸到住房使用权轨迹。方法使用2017年SHARELIFE回顾性数据，我们探讨了居住在11个欧洲国家的65-75岁成年人的住房使用权轨迹（16-65岁）与多种健康结果的关系。我们使用序列和聚类分析来确定主要类型的住房使用权轨迹和逻辑回归模型，以探讨其与自评健康、慢性发病率和活动限制（GALI）结果的关系。我们确定了六类住房使用轨迹：“早期房主”（62.6 %）、“晚期房主”（7.1 %）、“从不离开者”（11.6 %）、“私人租户”（9.3 %）、“社会租户”（6.4 %）和“免租金和其他”（3.1 %）。与标准的“早期房主”模式相比，非标准的住房使用权轨迹模式——尤其是“社会租户”、“私人租户”和“永不离开者”——与较差的晚年健康状况有关，这在所有结果中都是一致的，在女性中更为明显。我们发现，除了一些例外，不同国家群体之间的关联存在差异的证据较弱。结论终身居住轨迹与晚年健康状况相关。特别是，与早期房主的标准模式相比，不标准的住房使用权轨迹与晚年健康不利有关，早期房主的特点是较早过渡和长期拥有住房。

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引用次数: 0

Linking family ties and young adults’ college attainment: Differences between immigrant and non-immigrant children 联系家庭关系和年轻人的大学成就：移民和非移民儿童之间的差异

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100709

Gabrielle Juteau , Jenjira Yahirun

This study investigates how the association between family affective ties during adolescence and college completion differs for immigrant versus non-immigrant adult children. The children of immigrants inhabit family contexts unique to their immigrant status, ultimately shaping their socioeconomic integration into the United States. Family affective ties to parents may thus carry a different meaning for the children of immigrants by decelerating their integration or encouraging their entry into mainstream social institutions, including college completion. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study examines young adults’ likelihood of completing college by parent-child affective ties using discrete-time event history models. Findings suggest that the children of immigrants diverge from the children of native-born parents once family affective ties are weak or negative, with immigrant youth demonstrating higher probability of completing college as emotional closeness decreases. Similarly, parental conflict also increased the likelihood of college completion for the children of immigrants compared to the children of native-born parents. In fact, the direction of the association between family affective ties and college completion was different across immigrant status. For the children of native-born parents, stronger parent-child relationships boosted the probability of acquiring a college degree, but the opposite was found for the children of immigrants. These results underscore the divergent patterns of affectual solidarity in tracing children of immigrants’ education trajectory and integration into the host country.

本研究探讨移民与非移民成年子女在青春期家庭情感关系与大学毕业之间的关系。移民的孩子居住在他们移民身份所特有的家庭环境中，最终塑造了他们融入美国的社会经济。因此，与父母的家庭情感纽带可能对移民子女具有不同的意义，因为它会减缓他们融入社会的速度，或鼓励他们进入主流社会机构，包括完成大学学业。本研究使用来自国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）的数据，使用离散时间事件历史模型，通过亲子情感关系来检验年轻人完成大学学业的可能性。研究结果表明，一旦家庭情感联系薄弱或消极，移民子女与本土出生父母的子女就会出现分歧，随着情感亲密度的降低，移民青年完成大学学业的可能性更高。同样，与本土出生的父母相比，父母冲突也增加了移民子女完成大学学业的可能性。事实上，家庭情感关系与大学毕业之间的关联方向在移民身份上是不同的。对于本土出生的父母的孩子来说，更牢固的亲子关系提高了获得大学学位的可能性，但移民的孩子则相反。这些结果强调了在追踪移民子女的教育轨迹和融入东道国方面情感团结的不同模式。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of educational and work trajectories on wellbeing in midlife: A comparison of Canada and Germany 教育和工作轨迹对中年幸福感的影响：加拿大和德国的比较

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100712

Johanna Turgetto , Janine Jongbloed , Wolfgang Lauterbach , Lesley Andres

This study employs longitudinal data from Germany and Canada to investigate how patterns of education, employment and care work influence wellbeing in midlife and how these patterns differ by gender and national context. Although previous research has addressed wellbeing at different life stages, it has rarely examined long-term effects across gendered life trajectories within contrasting welfare state contexts. We conduct separate analyses for men and women using partial proportional odds models (PPO) to estimate wellbeing levels. The models include clusters of educational and employment trajectories, along with socio-demographic variables that capture individual and family contexts known to affect wellbeing. Our results extend prior research demonstrating that education and employment trajectories shape midlife wellbeing, with associations varying by gender and country. Our analyses illustrate that Canadian women are able to draw benefits from part-time work, whereas for German women no consistent associations emerge once family-centred factors are considered. Among German men, wellbeing seems to be shaped primarily by household income, while for Canadian men good health is significantly associated with wellbeing. Our study underscores how gendered life course patterns continue to influence wellbeing and how welfare state regularities reinforce these inequalities. We conclude with a critical reflection on the compatibility of work and family life and its implications for wellbeing among women and men.

本研究采用来自德国和加拿大的纵向数据来调查教育、就业和护理工作模式如何影响中年幸福感，以及这些模式如何因性别和国家背景而不同。虽然以前的研究已经解决了不同人生阶段的幸福感，但很少研究在不同福利国家背景下，性别生活轨迹的长期影响。我们使用部分比例赔率模型（PPO）对男性和女性进行了单独的分析，以估计健康水平。这些模型包括教育和就业轨迹的集群，以及捕捉已知影响幸福感的个人和家庭背景的社会人口变量。我们的研究结果扩展了先前的研究，表明教育和就业轨迹影响中年幸福感，其关联因性别和国家而异。我们的分析表明，加拿大妇女能够从兼职工作中获益，而对于德国妇女来说，一旦考虑到以家庭为中心的因素，就没有一致的联系。在德国男性中，幸福感似乎主要受家庭收入的影响，而对加拿大男性来说，良好的健康状况与幸福感密切相关。我们的研究强调了性别化的生命历程模式如何继续影响幸福感，以及福利国家的规律如何加剧了这些不平等。最后，我们对工作和家庭生活的兼容性及其对女性和男性福祉的影响进行了批判性反思。

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引用次数: 0

Economic cycles and the transition to motherhood: Differentiation between natives without a migration background and children of immigrants 经济周期和向母性的转变：没有移民背景的本地人和移民子女之间的差异

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100710

Jonas Wood, Karel Neels, Leen Marynissen

While a large body of research addresses the influence of economic cycles on the transition to motherhood, limited attention has been given to the impact of economic conditions on first births for the children of immigrants. This study addresses this gap using population-wide longitudinal microdata for Belgium (1960–2010), combining hazard models and microsimulations to examine (1) whether the association between economic conditions and entry into parenthood varies between natives without a migration background and children of immigrants by parental origin, and (2) the extent to which annual shifts in the proportion of women entering parenthood (SPPR₁) in these different groups can be accounted for by variation in the aggregate-level unemployment rate. Findings reveal pro-cyclical fertility patterns among natives without a migration background and the children of European immigrants, who postpone childbearing during economic downturns, while the descendants of Turkish and Maghrebi migrants exhibit weaker responses, suggesting a “decoupling” of economic conditions from family formation. The association between unemployment rate and first birth hazards also varies by education level within the parental origin groups considered. Highly educated women delay parenthood in response to rising unemployment while lower-educated women exhibit higher first birth hazards during economic downturns, with particularly strong educational differentiation in children of Turkish immigrants. Such differentials by native-born women’s origin and level of education suggest that groups with structurally limited economic opportunities in the segmented Belgian labour market may consider motherhood as an alternative pathway to career development regardless of economic conditions.

虽然大量的研究涉及经济周期对向母亲过渡的影响，但对经济条件对移民子女第一次生育的影响的关注有限。本研究利用比利时人口纵向微观数据（1960-2010）解决了这一差距，结合危险模型和微观模拟来检验(1)经济条件与成为父母之间的关系是否在没有移民背景的本地人和父母出身的移民子女之间有所不同；(2)在这些不同群体中，进入父母行列的妇女比例（SPPR1）的年度变化在多大程度上可以用总体失业率的变化来解释。研究结果揭示了没有移民背景的本地人和欧洲移民的子女的顺周期生育模式，他们在经济衰退期间推迟生育，而土耳其和马格里布移民的后代表现出较弱的反应，这表明经济条件与家庭形成“脱钩”。失业率与初次生育危险之间的关系也因所考虑的父母原籍群体的教育水平而异。受教育程度高的妇女推迟生育以应对失业率上升，而受教育程度低的妇女在经济衰退期间表现出更高的首次生育风险，土耳其移民子女的教育差异尤其明显。本地出生妇女的出身和受教育程度的这种差别表明，在分割的比利时劳动力市场上，经济机会在结构上有限的群体可能会考虑做母亲作为职业发展的另一种途径，而不管经济条件如何。

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引用次数: 0

More than intentions: Importance of motherhood predicts first but not subsequent births 不仅仅是意图：母性的重要性预测了第一个孩子，而不是随后的孩子。

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100708

Arthur L. Greil , Karina M. Shreffler , Stacy M. Tiemeyer , Julia McQuillan

Even though there is a strong association between fertility intentions and fertility outcomes, fertility intentions do not consistently predict fertility outcomes, leading to questions about the utility of the concept. Our goal is to assess whether a measure of importance of motherhood could replace or add to fertility intentions, and whether there is a difference between predicting first or subsequent births. Using the two-wave National Survey of Fertility Barriers (women initially ages 25–45, n = 1381), this study applies sequential logistic regression analysis with missing data imputation to explore associations of prospective fertility intentions and importance of motherhood with subsequent births among women. Results indicate that both fertility intentions and importance of motherhood have independent associations with subsequent births among nulliparous women, but importance of motherhood does not predict having a birth among women who already have at least one child. This suggests that importance of motherhood contributes beyond fertility intentions to understanding whether nulliparous women have a child or remain childless, but not to understanding achieved fertility.

尽管生育意图和生育结果之间有很强的联系，但生育意图并不能始终预测生育结果，这导致了对这一概念效用的质疑。我们的目标是评估母性重要性的衡量是否可以取代或增加生育意愿，以及预测第一胎和第二胎之间是否存在差异。利用两波全国生育障碍调查（25-45岁的女性，n = 1381），本研究采用序列逻辑回归分析和缺失数据输入来探讨女性预期生育意愿和母亲重要性与后续生育的关系。结果表明，生育意图和母性重要性与未生育妇女的后续生育有独立的关联，但母性重要性并不能预测已经有至少一个孩子的妇女是否会生育。这表明母性的重要性超越了生育意图，有助于理解没有生育的妇女是否有一个孩子或保持无孩子，但不是理解实现生育。

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引用次数: 0

The interplay of poverty risk–employment trajectories in couples around the transition to parenthood in Germany 贫困风险-就业轨迹的相互作用，在德国的夫妇过渡到为人父母。

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100707

Christina Siegert

The transition to parenthood is a critical period that exacerbates gendered economic inequality, with mothers more likely than their partners to experience employment disruptions and income losses. This study examines individual poverty risk among partnered individuals (N = 1237) in Germany from a life course perspective, analyzing how gendered career patterns around first births between 1992 and 2013 intersect with changes in individual poverty risk, i.e. under the assumption of no income pooling. Applying multichannel sequence analysis (MCSA) to data from the Socio-Economic Panel, the findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in how poverty risk and employment trajectories unfold after childbirth, both by gender and among women. Men’s employment and financial stability remain largely unchanged after parenthood, whereas women’s economic trajectories vary widely. While most women are financially stable before childbirth, their post-birth pathways diverge. Some return to work quickly with minimal poverty risk, while others take extended parental leave and face prolonged risks. A smaller group is persistently vulnerable even before childbirth, with consistently weak labor market attachment. Longer periods of vulnerability may reinforce power imbalances between partners and limit women’s autonomy. Over historical time, the share of women in financially stable trajectories has increased, likely reflecting policy changes that support earlier labor market reintegration. However, a subset of women remains at high risk, particularly those with lower pre-birth earnings. The findings highlight the necessity of long observation periods, as poverty risks evolve beyond the initial years of parenthood and demonstrate the utility of MCSA in describing such dynamics.

向为人父母的过渡是加剧性别经济不平等的关键时期，与伴侣相比，母亲更有可能遭遇就业中断和收入损失。本研究从生命历程的角度考察了德国有伴侣的个体（N = 1237）的个体贫困风险，分析了1992年至2013年间第一胎前后的性别职业模式与个体贫困风险变化的交叉关系，即在没有收入汇集的假设下。通过对社会经济小组的数据进行多通道序列分析（MCSA），研究结果揭示了分娩后贫困风险和就业轨迹在性别和女性之间呈现的巨大异质性。男性的就业和财务稳定性在生育后基本保持不变，而女性的经济轨迹则大相径庭。虽然大多数女性在生孩子之前经济状况稳定，但她们生完孩子后的生活方式却各不相同。一些人很快重返工作岗位，贫困风险最小，而另一些人则延长产假，面临长期风险。还有一小部分人甚至在生孩子之前就一直处于弱势，他们对劳动力市场的依赖度一直很低。长期的脆弱可能会加剧伴侣之间的权力不平衡，限制女性的自主权。从历史上看，处于财务稳定轨道的女性所占比例有所增加，这可能反映了支持更早重返劳动力市场的政策变化。然而，一小部分妇女仍然面临高风险，特别是那些产前收入较低的妇女。研究结果强调了长期观察期的必要性，因为贫困风险的演变超出了为人父母的最初几年，并证明了MCSA在描述这种动态方面的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Timing and duration of work-family experiences and mental health in young adulthood: Applying feature selection 工作-家庭经历与青年心理健康的时间和持续时间：应用特征选择

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100706

Vendula Machů , Iris Arends , Karin Veldman , Ute Bültmann

<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little is known about whether and how the timing and duration of work-family experiences are associated with subsequent mental health outcomes in the current generation of young adults. Such information may inform the development of timely interventions to promote better mental health. In this study, we use two complementary approaches to examine the complex relationship between work, family and mental health in young Dutch adults born around 1990. First, we examine the association between work-family trajectories and mental health. Second, we examine which timing and duration features of work-family trajectories are related to subsequent mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sequences of monthly work-family states from ages 18 to 28 years were constructed in a sample of Dutch young adults participating in the TRAILS cohort study (N = 992). Mental health was operationalised as experiencing internalising or externalising problems at age 29. We created a typology of work-family trajectories by clustering individual sequences and used regression analysis to examine the association between work-family trajectories and mental health. Next, we used the Boruta feature selection algorithm to identify timing and duration features of work-family trajectories related to mental health at age 29 and conducted a regression analysis to examine the associations between the identified features and mental health. All regression analyses were controlled for mental health problems between ages 11 and 16.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women in the work-family trajectories <em>long education</em> and <em>inactive</em> were most likely to experience internalising problems at age 29. Women in the work-family trajectory <em>inactive</em> were also most likely to experience externalising problems. In line, the feature selection analysis showed that both being inactive and being in education in the first stage of young adulthood, being a parent and in work in the last stage of young adulthood and the total duration of inactivity were associated with internalising problems. Being inactive in the first and the last stages of young adulthood and being inactive and a parent in the third stage of young adulthood were associated with externalising problems. Men in the work-family trajectory <em>inactive</em> were most likely to experience both internalising and externalising problems. Additionally, men in the work-family trajectory <em>continuous education and work</em> were most likely to report externalising problems. The feature selection analysis showed that being in education in the last stage of young adulthood was associated with internalising problems. Similar to women, inactivity in the first stage of young adulthood was associated with internalising and externalising problems at age 29.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Work-family trajectories in young adulthood are associated with mental health problems at age 2

背景在当前这一代年轻人中，工作家庭经历的时间和持续时间是否以及如何与随后的心理健康结果相关，我们知之甚少。这些信息可以为制定及时的干预措施提供信息，以促进更好的心理健康。在这项研究中，我们使用两种互补的方法来研究1990年左右出生的荷兰年轻人的工作、家庭和心理健康之间的复杂关系。首先，我们研究了工作-家庭轨迹和心理健康之间的关系。其次，我们研究了工作-家庭轨迹的时间和持续时间特征与随后的心理健康有关。方法以参加TRAILS队列研究（N = 992）的荷兰年轻人为样本，构建18 - 28岁每月工作-家庭状态的序列。心理健康被操作化为29岁时经历内化或外化问题。我们通过聚类个体序列创建了工作家庭轨迹的类型学，并使用回归分析来检验工作家庭轨迹与心理健康之间的关系。接下来，我们使用Boruta特征选择算法来识别29岁时与心理健康相关的工作-家庭轨迹的时间和持续时间特征，并进行回归分析以检验所识别的特征与心理健康之间的关系。所有的回归分析都控制了11岁至16岁之间的心理健康问题。结果在29岁时，处于工作-家庭轨道、受教育时间长、不运动的女性最容易出现内化问题。在工作与家庭之间不活跃的女性也最有可能经历外部化问题。与此同时，特征选择分析表明，在青年期的第一阶段不活动和接受教育，在青年期的最后阶段为人父母和工作，以及不活动的总持续时间都与内化问题有关。在青年时期的第一阶段和最后阶段不活跃以及在青年时期的第三阶段不活跃和父母都与外化问题有关。在工作-家庭轨道上不活跃的男性最有可能经历内化和外化问题。此外，在工作-家庭轨道上继续教育和工作的男性最有可能报告外化问题。特征选择分析表明，在青年期的最后阶段接受教育与内化问题有关。与女性相似，在成年初期缺乏运动与29岁时的内在化和外在化问题有关。结论青年期的工作-家庭轨迹与29岁时的心理健康问题相关，即使在控制早期心理健康问题的情况下也是如此。特别是，发现不活动和教育的时间和持续时间与随后的心理健康问题有关。结合序列分析和特征选择，可以更细致地了解工作-家庭经历和心理健康之间的动态关系。

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引用次数: 0

Impressionable years: How life course transitions shape gender ideologies across adolescence and young adulthood 易受影响的岁月：生命历程的转变如何塑造青春期和青年期的性别意识形态。

IF 3.4 2区社会学 Q1 Medicine

Advances in Life Course Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100705

Janna Wilhelm

This study examines how life course transitions unique to adolescence and young adulthood affect gender ideologies of men and women. After childhood, young people are exposed to new contexts that shape their beliefs in different ways than parents. By integrating a life course perspective with the conceptualisation of gender as a social structure and interest- and exposure-based explanations, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of change mechanisms. It extends the literature by examining the role of age-specific transitions: into vocational training, university, employment, romantic relationships, and cohabitation. Using representative data from the German Family Panel pairfam, I conducted fixed-effects regression analyses with gender interaction terms (n = 2888 individuals; ages 15–27). To account for the multidimensionality of gender ideologies, I used separate attitude items. Results show that attending university is associated with increased support for gender equality in the public and private sphere, particularly for young men. Transitions into vocational training are related to an increase in public sphere egalitarianism, while transitions into employment mostly did not have an additional effect. When they enter heterosexual relationships, results are gender-specific: Women become more traditional regarding maternal employment, while men increase their support for equal housework sharing and both women’s and men’s caretaking roles. With cohabitation, women decrease their support for equal housework sharing. Overall, the findings suggest that young people’s gender ideologies can be subject to persistent change beyond early formative years and that life course transitions may be crucial in shaping them.

本研究探讨了青春期和青年期特有的生命历程转变如何影响男性和女性的性别意识形态。童年后，年轻人接触到的新环境以不同于父母的方式塑造了他们的信仰。通过将生命历程视角与性别概念化作为一种社会结构以及基于兴趣和暴露的解释相结合，本研究有助于更细致地理解变化机制。它通过研究特定年龄的转变的作用扩展了文献：进入职业培训，大学，就业，恋爱关系和同居。使用来自德国家庭面板的代表性数据，我进行了固定效应回归分析，其中包含性别相互作用项（n = 2888个人，年龄15-27岁）。为了解释性别意识形态的多维性，我使用了单独的态度项目。结果显示，上大学与公共和私人领域对性别平等的支持增加有关，尤其是对年轻男性而言。向职业培训的过渡与公共领域平均主义的增加有关，而向就业的过渡大多没有额外的影响。当他们进入异性恋关系时，结果是有性别差异的：女性在母亲就业方面变得更加传统，而男性则更加支持平等分担家务以及女性和男性的照顾角色。同居时，女性会减少对家务均分的支持。总的来说，研究结果表明，年轻人的性别意识形态可能会在早期形成阶段之后持续变化，而生活过程的转变可能对他们的形成至关重要。

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