Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662
Rasmus Mannerström , Florencia M. Sortheix , Lauri Hietajärvi , Katariina Salmela-Aro
Fertility is declining rapidly across Western countries, and conventional factors (i.e., economic, cultural) seem insufficient in explaining the trend. The role of psychosocial factors, such as subjective perceptions of uncertainty, has gained importance in research. In this explorative study, we analysed for the first time the role of three personal identity processes from the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS): commitment making, identification with commitment, and ruminative exploration, in becoming a parent in young adults. Using longitudinal survey data of Finnish young adults (measured at ages 22/25, 27/30, and 31/34; N = 657), our survival analyses showed that ruminative exploration decreased the likelihood of becoming a parent. The results support recent theories on the link between identity troubles and difficulties in entering and maintaining stable relationships and having children. In terms of practical implications, fertility will not be supported through progressive family policies alone. Instead, structural support of young people’s identity formation is needed. More broadly, the study guides future research into these questions.
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between personal identity and parenthood among finnish young adults","authors":"Rasmus Mannerström , Florencia M. Sortheix , Lauri Hietajärvi , Katariina Salmela-Aro","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertility is declining rapidly across Western countries, and conventional factors (i.e., economic, cultural) seem insufficient in explaining the trend. The role of psychosocial factors, such as subjective perceptions of uncertainty, has gained importance in research. In this explorative study, we analysed for the first time the role of three personal identity processes from the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS): commitment making, identification with commitment, and ruminative exploration, in becoming a parent in young adults. Using longitudinal survey data of Finnish young adults (measured at ages 22/25, 27/30, and 31/34; N = 657), our survival analyses showed that ruminative exploration decreased the likelihood of becoming a parent. The results support recent theories on the link between identity troubles and difficulties in entering and maintaining stable relationships and having children. In terms of practical implications, fertility will not be supported through progressive family policies alone. Instead, structural support of young people’s identity formation is needed. More broadly, the study guides future research into these questions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669
Elina Einiö , Maria Ponkilainen
Studies have shown that the risk of divorce is higher for same-sex couples, especially for female couples, compared to opposite-sex couples. However, the underlying reasons are still poorly understood, despite their potential to deepen our understanding of gender roles and intersecting identities. We examine whether nationality intermarriage, religious affiliation, education, or income of the spouses plays any role in explaining the heightened divorce risk among same-sex couples. Drawing on prospective register data of same-sex couples (n = 3780) and opposite-sex couples (n = 339,401) from Finland, the results suggest that income and religious affiliation play roles—although modest—in explaining female couples’ heightened divorce risks, whereas intermarriage is more important for male couples. Intermarriage between a foreign-born husband and a native-born spouse appears to destabilize marriages, regardless of the latter spouse’s gender, indicating that being a man in a host society can strain marriages. Dissimilarity in spouses’ religious affiliations increases divorce risk in same-sex couples, particularly in male couples. Elevated income of the presumed primary breadwinner (husband or older spouse) stabilizes marriages, regardless of the gender composition of the couple, whereas increased income of the secondary breadwinner (wife or younger spouse) stabilizes same-sex marriages only. The implication is that intersections of gender norms and other identities shape divorce risks.
{"title":"Divorce in same-sex and opposite-sex couples: The roles of intermarriage, religious affiliation, and income","authors":"Elina Einiö , Maria Ponkilainen","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have shown that the risk of divorce is higher for same-sex couples, especially for female couples, compared to opposite-sex couples. However, the underlying reasons are still poorly understood, despite their potential to deepen our understanding of gender roles and intersecting identities. We examine whether nationality intermarriage, religious affiliation, education, or income of the spouses plays any role in explaining the heightened divorce risk among same-sex couples. Drawing on prospective register data of same-sex couples (n = 3780) and opposite-sex couples (n = 339,401) from Finland, the results suggest that income and religious affiliation play roles—although modest—in explaining female couples’ heightened divorce risks, whereas intermarriage is more important for male couples. Intermarriage between a foreign-born husband and a native-born spouse appears to destabilize marriages, regardless of the latter spouse’s gender, indicating that being a man in a host society can strain marriages. Dissimilarity in spouses’ religious affiliations increases divorce risk in same-sex couples, particularly in male couples. Elevated income of the presumed primary breadwinner (husband or older spouse) stabilizes marriages, regardless of the gender composition of the couple, whereas increased income of the secondary breadwinner (wife or younger spouse) stabilizes same-sex marriages only. The implication is that intersections of gender norms and other identities shape divorce risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660
Rahat Shah , Imran Sabir , Adeela Zaka
Youth transitions to adulthood are increasingly characterized by delayed marriages, education and job disparities, and protracted financial dependency in Pakistan, engendering the phenomenon of “waithood.” This study poses the question: what are the effects of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships on the life course trajectories of Pakistani young adults in waithood, particularly in terms of education, career, marriage, gender roles, and societal influences? Employing a relational and intersectional perspective, we investigated the experiences of waithood among 30 youths (aged between 18 and 30 years) and 20 parents from various socioeconomic and regional backgrounds across Pakistan. Data collected through in-depth interviews elucidate how structural constraints, social expectations, and the intersections of class, place (rural-urban), and gender shape how youth experience waithood. For young females, there are enduring cultural pressures to marry early and to normatively perform domesticity, roles that can constrain women’s educational and employment trajectories. At the same time, male youth confront masculine anxieties stemming from societal expectations of conventional breadwinner roles. Under the pressure of economic dependence, opportunities vary considerably for them across different classes and regional locations. We found that youth consciously extend their identity exploration, particularly in upper-class urban strata, in stark contrast to disadvantaged rural youth for whom waithood suggests a compelled suspension of personal progression. Thus, by locating youth perspectives within linked lives and cultural contexts, our manuscript provides important insights into their diverse transitional experiences on pathways to adulthood in Pakistan's transforming opportunity landscape.
{"title":"Interdependence and waithood: Exploration of family dynamics and young adults' life course trajectories in Pakistan","authors":"Rahat Shah , Imran Sabir , Adeela Zaka","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth transitions to adulthood are increasingly characterized by delayed marriages, education and job disparities, and protracted financial dependency in Pakistan, engendering the phenomenon of “waithood.” This study poses the question: what are the effects of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships on the life course trajectories of Pakistani young adults in waithood, particularly in terms of education, career, marriage, gender roles, and societal influences? Employing a relational and intersectional perspective, we investigated the experiences of waithood among 30 youths (aged between 18 and 30 years) and 20 parents from various socioeconomic and regional backgrounds across Pakistan. Data collected through in-depth interviews elucidate how structural constraints, social expectations, and the intersections of class, place (rural-urban), and gender shape how youth experience waithood. For young females, there are enduring cultural pressures to marry early and to normatively perform domesticity, roles that can constrain women’s educational and employment trajectories. At the same time, male youth confront masculine anxieties stemming from societal expectations of conventional breadwinner roles. Under the pressure of economic dependence, opportunities vary considerably for them across different classes and regional locations. We found that youth consciously extend their identity exploration, particularly in upper-class urban strata, in stark contrast to disadvantaged rural youth for whom waithood suggests a compelled suspension of personal progression. Thus, by locating youth perspectives within linked lives and cultural contexts, our manuscript provides important insights into their diverse transitional experiences on pathways to adulthood in Pakistan's transforming opportunity landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress has a clear impact on health and function. Yet, little is known about how different stressors (factors that cause stress) in various contexts throughout the life course impact cognitive and physical aging. The study aimed to investigate if different types of stressors predicted cognitive and physical impairment in late life. The role of social support and internal locus of control was also investigated.
Material and methods
Two individually linked studies of Swedish nationally representative samples provided longitudinal data over 21 years, including retrospective childhood data (n = 1086). Indicators of work and financial stressors were assessed at late midlife (M=62 years) and financial stressors at early late life (M=70). Social support and internal locus of control were assessed at the mean ages of 62 and 70 years. Physical and cognitive impairment were assessed at late life (M=83). Path analyses were conducted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for smoking, age, sex, educational attainment, and follow-up period.
Results
Work stressors were associated with physical and cognitive impairment directly. Work stressors were also associated with financial stressors, which, in turn, were associated with physical impairment. Childhood conflicts were associated with less social support, and less social support was associated with worse cognitive aging. Internal locus of control was not associated with cognitive and physical impairment.
Conclusions
This study confirms that stressors earlier in life predict cognitive and physical aging, but that different types of stressors have different paths to impact impairment in late life.
{"title":"Different stressors across the life course have different paths to impact cognitive and physical aging","authors":"Charlotta Nilsen , Deborah Finkel , Shireen Sindi , Ingemar Kåreholt","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of the research</h3><div>Stress has a clear impact on health and function. Yet, little is known about how different stressors (factors that cause stress) in various contexts throughout the life course impact cognitive and physical aging. The study aimed to investigate if different types of stressors predicted cognitive and physical impairment in late life. The role of social support and internal locus of control was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Two individually linked studies of Swedish nationally representative samples provided longitudinal data over 21 years, including retrospective childhood data (n = 1086). Indicators of work and financial stressors were assessed at late midlife (<em>M</em>=62 years) and financial stressors at early late life (<em>M</em>=70). Social support and internal locus of control were assessed at the mean ages of 62 and 70 years. Physical and cognitive impairment were assessed at late life (<em>M</em>=83). Path analyses were conducted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for smoking, age, sex, educational attainment, and follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Work stressors were associated with physical and cognitive impairment directly. Work stressors were also associated with financial stressors, which, in turn, were associated with physical impairment. Childhood conflicts were associated with less social support, and less social support was associated with worse cognitive aging. Internal locus of control was not associated with cognitive and physical impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study confirms that stressors earlier in life predict cognitive and physical aging, but that different types of stressors have different paths to impact impairment in late life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The public sector is often seen as a “sheltered” labor market that is more accessible, more family-friendly, and provides more equal pay for men and women, and across ethnoreligious groups compared to the private sector. The public sector is especially crucial for women and ethno-religious minorities in a country like Israel, which is a highly unequal, residentially and occupationally strongly segregated society that has been described as an “ethnocracy”. Adopting a life course perspective, we examine ethnoreligious differences in the interplay between work and family life trajectories, with a focus on how employment sectors shape these experiences. Specifically, we investigate how public and private sector careers interact with family formation patterns and potentially enhance or mitigate ethno-religious disparities in career stability and accumulated earnings. The analyses use sequence and cluster analyses, regression methods, and newly available administrative data from the Israeli census and tax registers to show three key findings: 1) Ultraorthodox, Christian, Druze and Muslim women are substantially less likely to enter stable private sector careers compared to third generation Jewish Israeli women, irrespective of their family lives; 2) access to public sector careers combined with marriage and motherhood is far more equal compared to private sector careers across ethno-religious groups; 3) ethno-religious gaps in accumulated earnings are small in public sector careers and large in private sector careers.
{"title":"Women’s work-family trajectories and earnings by ethno-religious groups in Israel: More equality in the public sector?","authors":"Zafer Buyukkececi , Asaf Levanon , Anette Eva Fasang , Vered Kraus , Evgeny Saburov","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The public sector is often seen as a “sheltered” labor market that is more accessible, more family-friendly, and provides more equal pay for men and women, and across ethnoreligious groups compared to the private sector. The public sector is especially crucial for women and ethno-religious minorities in a country like Israel, which is a highly unequal, residentially and occupationally strongly segregated society that has been described as an “ethnocracy”. Adopting a life course perspective, we examine ethnoreligious differences in the interplay between work and family life trajectories, with a focus on how employment sectors shape these experiences. Specifically, we investigate how public and private sector careers interact with family formation patterns and potentially enhance or mitigate ethno-religious disparities in career stability and accumulated earnings. The analyses use sequence and cluster analyses, regression methods, and newly available administrative data from the Israeli census and tax registers to show three key findings: 1) Ultraorthodox, Christian, Druze and Muslim women are substantially less likely to enter stable private sector careers compared to third generation Jewish Israeli women, irrespective of their family lives; 2) access to public sector careers combined with marriage and motherhood is far more equal compared to private sector careers across ethno-religious groups; 3) ethno-religious gaps in accumulated earnings are small in public sector careers and large in private sector careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657
Martín Hernán Di Marco , Sveinung Sandberg , Gustavo Fondevila
In very different societal contexts, parenthood has been identified as a critical turning point in life course trajectories. In this qualitative study, we explore parenthood as a turning point for 40 young women and 40 young men in prisons across Latin America. We study the impact of parenthood on criminal trajectories, identify gender differences, and analyze the different mechanisms at work. The analysis distinguishes between positive (crime reducing) and negative (crime increasing) changes following parenthood. When participants felt that they had to change, “slow down” or obtain a more stable and risk-free income, their criminal activities often declined. For women, parenthood could also stabilize healthy intimate relationships, which appeared beneficial for avoiding crime and other harmful practices. On the other hand, frustration arising from failing as parents and increased tensions in daily life often increased criminal involvement. The need for more money, and the absence of legal options for making an income had the same effect. Importantly, negative changes following parenthood were gendered. Men sometimes described frustration at feeling obliged to spend more time at home. For women, parenthood could cement an abusive relationship, cause problems because they became single mothers or make them lose social support. The study is based on repeated qualitative interviews and emphasizes perceived effects of parenthood. The research reveals the variety and nuances of the role of parenthood in criminal trajectories in Latin America and highlights the importance of socio-economic circumstances for criminal trajectories. We argue that in contexts of structural poverty and unemployment, where illegal economies often dominate over legal ones (as seen in many Global South settings), parenthood may lead to increased criminal involvement rather than desistance.
{"title":"Parenthood, gender, and turning points to crime for young people in Latin America","authors":"Martín Hernán Di Marco , Sveinung Sandberg , Gustavo Fondevila","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In very different societal contexts, parenthood has been identified as a critical turning point in life course trajectories. In this qualitative study, we explore parenthood as a turning point for 40 young women and 40 young men in prisons across Latin America. We study the impact of parenthood on criminal trajectories, identify gender differences, and analyze the different mechanisms at work. The analysis distinguishes between positive (crime reducing) and negative (crime increasing) changes following parenthood. When participants felt that they had to change, “slow down” or obtain a more stable and risk-free income, their criminal activities often declined. For women, parenthood could also stabilize healthy intimate relationships, which appeared beneficial for avoiding crime and other harmful practices. On the other hand, frustration arising from failing as parents and increased tensions in daily life often increased criminal involvement. The need for more money, and the absence of legal options for making an income had the same effect. Importantly, negative changes following parenthood were gendered. Men sometimes described frustration at feeling obliged to spend more time at home. For women, parenthood could cement an abusive relationship, cause problems because they became single mothers or make them lose social support. The study is based on repeated qualitative interviews and emphasizes perceived effects of parenthood. The research reveals the variety and nuances of the role of parenthood in criminal trajectories in Latin America and highlights the importance of socio-economic circumstances for criminal trajectories. We argue that in contexts of structural poverty and unemployment, where illegal economies often dominate over legal ones (as seen in many Global South settings), parenthood may lead to increased criminal involvement rather than desistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100658
William Foley , Lea Katharina Kröger , Jonas Radl
Personality is associated with important life outcomes such as occupational status, and there is continued interest in understanding how family processes shape people’s character. Previous research has shown that despite being exposed to a common family environment, sibling personalities differ substantially. We test one explanation of this phenomenon: differential parental support within families. Fitting family fixed-effects models to data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we find that, even within families, differences in parental support contribute to explain the personality of adolescent children. However, this association declines when children reach early adulthood. We interpret these results as demonstrating the importance of within-family factors for shaping personality, and how the influence of parent-child relationships varies over the life course.
{"title":"Parental support and diversity in sibling personality","authors":"William Foley , Lea Katharina Kröger , Jonas Radl","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality is associated with important life outcomes such as occupational status, and there is continued interest in understanding how family processes shape people’s character. Previous research has shown that despite being exposed to a common family environment, sibling personalities differ substantially. We test one explanation of this phenomenon: differential parental support within families. Fitting family fixed-effects models to data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we find that, even within families, differences in parental support contribute to explain the personality of adolescent children. However, this association declines when children reach early adulthood. We interpret these results as demonstrating the importance of within-family factors for shaping personality, and how the influence of parent-child relationships varies over the life course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100655
Joeke Kuyvenhoven , Karen Haandrikman
Research on the consequences of residential mobility for educational outcomes is inconclusive about when and for whom moving is detrimental or beneficial. Whether moving during childhood impacts educational attainment depends on how often, how far and at which age one moves; and on whether the neighbourhood conditions improve or decline with the move. This study aims to better understand under which circumstances moving during childhood impacts educational attainment by studying residential mobility and neighbourhood trajectories of children born in different types of neighbourhoods and how this is associated with completion of tertiary education. Using longitudinal individual-level register data for all children born in the metropolitan areas of Sweden in 1990, children’s residential and neighbourhood mobility is followed from birth until age 16, with completion of tertiary education measured at age 26. We employ a multidimensional perspective, applying multichannel sequence analysis to identify residential trajectories based on various mobility indicators and socioeconomic neighbourhood trajectories, stratified by the neighbourhood socioeconomic composition at birth. We find that trajectories differ by the neighbourhood type children are born in. Trajectories can be roughly categorized into three different levels of frequency – stayers, low and high residential mobility – with variations in moving distance and neighbourhood trajectories. Descriptive results show that trajectories vary by the neighbourhood of origin, family structure and socioeconomic background. Regression analyses reveal that one-time movers are not different from stayers in their educational attainment, while frequent movers are less likely to have completed tertiary education by age 26 across all neighbourhood types.
{"title":"Childhood residential and neighbourhood mobility: Consequences for educational attainment in young adulthood","authors":"Joeke Kuyvenhoven , Karen Haandrikman","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the consequences of residential mobility for educational outcomes is inconclusive about when and for whom moving is detrimental or beneficial. Whether moving during childhood impacts educational attainment depends on how often, how far and at which age one moves; and on whether the neighbourhood conditions improve or decline with the move. This study aims to better understand under which circumstances moving during childhood impacts educational attainment by studying residential mobility and neighbourhood trajectories of children born in different types of neighbourhoods and how this is associated with completion of tertiary education. Using longitudinal individual-level register data for all children born in the metropolitan areas of Sweden in 1990, children’s residential and neighbourhood mobility is followed from birth until age 16, with completion of tertiary education measured at age 26. We employ a multidimensional perspective, applying multichannel sequence analysis to identify residential trajectories based on various mobility indicators and socioeconomic neighbourhood trajectories, stratified by the neighbourhood socioeconomic composition at birth. We find that trajectories differ by the neighbourhood type children are born in. Trajectories can be roughly categorized into three different levels of frequency – stayers, low and high residential mobility – with variations in moving distance and neighbourhood trajectories. Descriptive results show that trajectories vary by the neighbourhood of origin, family structure and socioeconomic background. Regression analyses reveal that one-time movers are not different from stayers in their educational attainment, while frequent movers are less likely to have completed tertiary education by age 26 across all neighbourhood types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100656
Jonas Detemple
This study analyzes the gender-specific impact of spatial mobility on earnings after graduation from higher education, extending previous research on graduates’ mobility benefits, which has largely ignored gender-specific mechanisms. Based on household economic and gender role considerations, this study argues that partnerships are associated with solidifying gender differences in mobility-related earnings benefits. The study uses data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort First-Year Students (SC5), and applies entropy balancing weights to account for the self-selection of mobile graduates. General linear models show a weak correlation between overal graduate mobility and higher earnings and that gender differences are rather small and depend on the type of mobility. However, looking at the role of partnerships, female graduates benefit significantly less from short-distance mobility when cohabiting with a partner than their non-cohabiting counterparts, while cohabiting male graduates benefit significantly more from long-distance mobility. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the crucial role of partnerships in the gendered mobility benefits of graduates.
{"title":"Partnerships as signposts? The role of spatial mobility in gendered earnings benefits of graduates","authors":"Jonas Detemple","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the gender-specific impact of spatial mobility on earnings after graduation from higher education, extending previous research on graduates’ mobility benefits, which has largely ignored gender-specific mechanisms. Based on household economic and gender role considerations, this study argues that partnerships are associated with solidifying gender differences in mobility-related earnings benefits. The study uses data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Starting Cohort First-Year Students (SC5), and applies entropy balancing weights to account for the self-selection of mobile graduates. General linear models show a weak correlation between overal graduate mobility and higher earnings and that gender differences are rather small and depend on the type of mobility. However, looking at the role of partnerships, female graduates benefit significantly less from short-distance mobility when cohabiting with a partner than their non-cohabiting counterparts, while cohabiting male graduates benefit significantly more from long-distance mobility. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the crucial role of partnerships in the gendered mobility benefits of graduates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100654
Agustina Marques Hill , Heike Solga
This study examines school-to-work transitions (STWTs) in Chile and Uruguay, focusing on education-occupation linkages. For the first time, we apply the linkage strength approach to Latin American countries, using cross-sectional household survey data. Since STWT research is highly segregated across the different world regions, we do so in a comparative perspective with France, Germany, and the United States. Although Chile and Uruguay are high-income countries, they still face STWT challenges common to Latin America, such as high levels of informal and agricultural work. However, Chile has higher educational attainment than Uruguay, similar to the comparison countries. Our analysis reveals strong education-occupation linkages not only among higher qualified young adults, but also among low-qualified entrants – thus a “linkage trap” into low-skilled jobs – in Chile and especially in Uruguay. Moreover, unlike in France and Germany, general education provides stronger linkages than vocational programs. Informal employment does not differ significantly from formal employment in terms of linking education to occupations in STWTs. In fact, informal employment is associated with stronger linkages for low-qualified young workers in Uruguay. Furthermore, in Uruguay, strong linkages are associated with lower earnings for both tertiary and less-educated entrants, challenging the positive interpretation of high linkage strength drawn from the comparison countries. Overall, the linkage strength patterns are not as different across the different world regions: Chile’s and Uruguay’s patterns are in some aspects closer to France and Germany than the United States is to either European country.
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