Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100673
Juul H.D. Henkens
With the emergence of digital nomadism as a new form of lifestyle mobility, characterized by the combination of location-independent work with ongoing travel, the question arises whether digital nomadism represents a temporary life phase or a permanent new way of living. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences and perceptions of 27 digital nomads in Bali, Indonesia, aiming to interpret digital nomadism within the socio-historical context and individual life course. Results reveal diverse mobility histories, where mobile childhoods facilitated a digital nomad lifestyle. Regardless of the positive experiences with the lifestyle, participants viewed their high mobility as a temporary phase and desired more residential stability in the future, either by settling down or searching sustainable nomadic alternatives such as rotating between multiple bases. This research interprets digital nomadism as a temporary life phase that responds to the current individualized and digital society in which life courses have become de-standardized.
{"title":"Digital nomadism from a life course perspective","authors":"Juul H.D. Henkens","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the emergence of digital nomadism as a new form of lifestyle mobility, characterized by the combination of location-independent work with ongoing travel, the question arises whether digital nomadism represents a temporary life phase or a permanent new way of living. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences and perceptions of 27 digital nomads in Bali, Indonesia, aiming to interpret digital nomadism within the socio-historical context and individual life course. Results reveal diverse mobility histories, where mobile childhoods facilitated a digital nomad lifestyle. Regardless of the positive experiences with the lifestyle, participants viewed their high mobility as a temporary phase and desired more residential stability in the future, either by settling down or searching sustainable nomadic alternatives such as rotating between multiple bases. This research interprets digital nomadism as a temporary life phase that responds to the current individualized and digital society in which life courses have become de-standardized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100671
Ayşegül Güneyli, Katia Begall, Ellen Verbakel
Unpaid caregiving remains highly gendered both in the context of childcare for young children and informal care provided to ill or ageing family members, friends, or neighbors. Using a life-course framework, this study expands previous research which generally treated these care types as separate life domains, by exploring the variety in caregiving trajectories including both childcare and informal care as integral parts of life courses. In addition to identifying and describing clusters of caregiving trajectories, we examine to what extent these are stratified by gender and education. We use unique retrospective survey data on informal caregiving combined with longitudinal data on childrearing, collected by the LISS Panel in the Netherlands (N = 1631). Using sequence and cluster analysis, we created caregiving trajectories covering up to 50 years of individual life courses and identified six clusters of caregiving trajectories that differed in care-heaviness, based on different combinations of the timing, duration, order, and intensity of care episodes. Our findings indicate path-dependency in care patterns, whereby most individuals who have engaged in unpaid care, provided both childcare and informal care at various points throughout their lives. In addition, while patterns of caregiving over the life course did not differ by gender, women were overrepresented in care-heavier clusters while men were more likely to follow the least care-heavy clusters. Theoretical expectations predicting educational differences based on opportunity costs and normative pressure were not supported. Given the anticipated rise in informal care due to population ageing and welfare state retrenchment, our findings suggest that while both women and men will be increasingly confronted with balancing unpaid care with other commitments, the gender gap in care-heaviness might persist and even widen.
{"title":"Gendered life-course trajectories of childcare and informal care in the Netherlands","authors":"Ayşegül Güneyli, Katia Begall, Ellen Verbakel","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unpaid caregiving remains highly gendered both in the context of childcare for young children and informal care provided to ill or ageing family members, friends, or neighbors. Using a life-course framework, this study expands previous research which generally treated these care types as separate life domains, by exploring the variety in caregiving trajectories including both childcare and informal care as integral parts of life courses. In addition to identifying and describing clusters of caregiving trajectories, we examine to what extent these are stratified by gender and education. We use unique retrospective survey data on informal caregiving combined with longitudinal data on childrearing, collected by the LISS Panel in the Netherlands (N = 1631). Using sequence and cluster analysis, we created caregiving trajectories covering up to 50 years of individual life courses and identified six clusters of caregiving trajectories that differed in care-heaviness, based on different combinations of the timing, duration, order, and intensity of care episodes. Our findings indicate path-dependency in care patterns, whereby most individuals who have engaged in unpaid care, provided both childcare and informal care at various points throughout their lives. In addition, while patterns of caregiving over the life course did not differ by gender, women were overrepresented in care-heavier clusters while men were more likely to follow the least care-heavy clusters. Theoretical expectations predicting educational differences based on opportunity costs and normative pressure were not supported. Given the anticipated rise in informal care due to population ageing and welfare state retrenchment, our findings suggest that while both women and men will be increasingly confronted with balancing unpaid care with other commitments, the gender gap in care-heaviness might persist and even widen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100670
Mengling Cheng , Lore Van Herreweghe , Aswathikutty Gireesh , Stefan Sieber , Kenneth F. Ferraro , Stéphane Cullati
Background and Objectives
Low socioeconomic position (SEP) throughout the life course is related to poorer cognitive health in later life, but debate ensues on the life course models for this association. To advance inquiry on the topic, we conducted a scoping review.
Research Design and Methods
We examined the association between life course SEP and cognitive function in later life in observational studies—considering cognition both as a cross-sectional level and as a longitudinal trajectory across cognitive domains—and assessed whether the empirical evidence supported life course models. We focused on studies in the general population with cognition measured in the second half of life (45 +). Forty-two studies (21 datasets) were included representing 595,276 participants (201,375 across unique datasets) from 46 countries.
Results
For cognitive level, studies consistently found associations between SEP at various stages of the life course, both in overall cognition and across specific cognitive domains. These associations were generally robust to confounding and mediating factors. For cognitive trajectory, studies showed inconclusive associations with SEP across life course and across cognitive domains. Results supported the sensitive period, pathway, and accumulation models, but not the critical period model. Results supported that education acts as a pathway (and potential mediator) in the association between early-life SEP and later-life cognition.
Discussion and Implications
SEP throughout the life course has a robust association with later-life cognitive level, but not decline. Early-life cognitive enrichment for young people raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged households may reduce the SEP gap in cognitive functioning during later life.
{"title":"Life course socioeconomic position and cognitive aging in later life: A scoping review","authors":"Mengling Cheng , Lore Van Herreweghe , Aswathikutty Gireesh , Stefan Sieber , Kenneth F. Ferraro , Stéphane Cullati","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Low socioeconomic position (SEP) throughout the life course is related to poorer cognitive health in later life, but debate ensues on the life course models for this association. To advance inquiry on the topic, we conducted a scoping review.</div></div><div><h3>Research Design and Methods</h3><div>We examined the association between life course SEP and cognitive function in later life in observational studies—considering cognition both as a cross-sectional level and as a longitudinal trajectory across cognitive domains—and assessed whether the empirical evidence supported life course models. We focused on studies in the general population with cognition measured in the second half of life (45 +). Forty-two studies (21 datasets) were included representing 595,276 participants (201,375 across unique datasets) from 46 countries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For cognitive level, studies consistently found associations between SEP at various stages of the life course, both in overall cognition and across specific cognitive domains. These associations were generally robust to confounding and mediating factors. For cognitive trajectory, studies showed inconclusive associations with SEP across life course and across cognitive domains. Results supported the sensitive period, pathway, and accumulation models, but not the critical period model. Results supported that education acts as a pathway (and potential mediator) in the association between early-life SEP and later-life cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Implications</h3><div>SEP throughout the life course has a robust association with later-life cognitive level, but not decline. Early-life cognitive enrichment for young people raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged households may reduce the SEP gap in cognitive functioning during later life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662
Rasmus Mannerström , Florencia M. Sortheix , Lauri Hietajärvi , Katariina Salmela-Aro
Fertility is declining rapidly across Western countries, and conventional factors (i.e., economic, cultural) seem insufficient in explaining the trend. The role of psychosocial factors, such as subjective perceptions of uncertainty, has gained importance in research. In this explorative study, we analysed for the first time the role of three personal identity processes from the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS): commitment making, identification with commitment, and ruminative exploration, in becoming a parent in young adults. Using longitudinal survey data of Finnish young adults (measured at ages 22/25, 27/30, and 31/34; N = 657), our survival analyses showed that ruminative exploration decreased the likelihood of becoming a parent. The results support recent theories on the link between identity troubles and difficulties in entering and maintaining stable relationships and having children. In terms of practical implications, fertility will not be supported through progressive family policies alone. Instead, structural support of young people’s identity formation is needed. More broadly, the study guides future research into these questions.
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between personal identity and parenthood among finnish young adults","authors":"Rasmus Mannerström , Florencia M. Sortheix , Lauri Hietajärvi , Katariina Salmela-Aro","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertility is declining rapidly across Western countries, and conventional factors (i.e., economic, cultural) seem insufficient in explaining the trend. The role of psychosocial factors, such as subjective perceptions of uncertainty, has gained importance in research. In this explorative study, we analysed for the first time the role of three personal identity processes from the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS): commitment making, identification with commitment, and ruminative exploration, in becoming a parent in young adults. Using longitudinal survey data of Finnish young adults (measured at ages 22/25, 27/30, and 31/34; N = 657), our survival analyses showed that ruminative exploration decreased the likelihood of becoming a parent. The results support recent theories on the link between identity troubles and difficulties in entering and maintaining stable relationships and having children. In terms of practical implications, fertility will not be supported through progressive family policies alone. Instead, structural support of young people’s identity formation is needed. More broadly, the study guides future research into these questions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669
Elina Einiö , Maria Ponkilainen
Studies have shown that the risk of divorce is higher for same-sex couples, especially for female couples, compared to opposite-sex couples. However, the underlying reasons are still poorly understood, despite their potential to deepen our understanding of gender roles and intersecting identities. We examine whether nationality intermarriage, religious affiliation, education, or income of the spouses plays any role in explaining the heightened divorce risk among same-sex couples. Drawing on prospective register data of same-sex couples (n = 3780) and opposite-sex couples (n = 339,401) from Finland, the results suggest that income and religious affiliation play roles—although modest—in explaining female couples’ heightened divorce risks, whereas intermarriage is more important for male couples. Intermarriage between a foreign-born husband and a native-born spouse appears to destabilize marriages, regardless of the latter spouse’s gender, indicating that being a man in a host society can strain marriages. Dissimilarity in spouses’ religious affiliations increases divorce risk in same-sex couples, particularly in male couples. Elevated income of the presumed primary breadwinner (husband or older spouse) stabilizes marriages, regardless of the gender composition of the couple, whereas increased income of the secondary breadwinner (wife or younger spouse) stabilizes same-sex marriages only. The implication is that intersections of gender norms and other identities shape divorce risks.
{"title":"Divorce in same-sex and opposite-sex couples: The roles of intermarriage, religious affiliation, and income","authors":"Elina Einiö , Maria Ponkilainen","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have shown that the risk of divorce is higher for same-sex couples, especially for female couples, compared to opposite-sex couples. However, the underlying reasons are still poorly understood, despite their potential to deepen our understanding of gender roles and intersecting identities. We examine whether nationality intermarriage, religious affiliation, education, or income of the spouses plays any role in explaining the heightened divorce risk among same-sex couples. Drawing on prospective register data of same-sex couples (n = 3780) and opposite-sex couples (n = 339,401) from Finland, the results suggest that income and religious affiliation play roles—although modest—in explaining female couples’ heightened divorce risks, whereas intermarriage is more important for male couples. Intermarriage between a foreign-born husband and a native-born spouse appears to destabilize marriages, regardless of the latter spouse’s gender, indicating that being a man in a host society can strain marriages. Dissimilarity in spouses’ religious affiliations increases divorce risk in same-sex couples, particularly in male couples. Elevated income of the presumed primary breadwinner (husband or older spouse) stabilizes marriages, regardless of the gender composition of the couple, whereas increased income of the secondary breadwinner (wife or younger spouse) stabilizes same-sex marriages only. The implication is that intersections of gender norms and other identities shape divorce risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660
Rahat Shah , Imran Sabir , Adeela Zaka
Youth transitions to adulthood are increasingly characterized by delayed marriages, education and job disparities, and protracted financial dependency in Pakistan, engendering the phenomenon of “waithood.” This study poses the question: what are the effects of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships on the life course trajectories of Pakistani young adults in waithood, particularly in terms of education, career, marriage, gender roles, and societal influences? Employing a relational and intersectional perspective, we investigated the experiences of waithood among 30 youths (aged between 18 and 30 years) and 20 parents from various socioeconomic and regional backgrounds across Pakistan. Data collected through in-depth interviews elucidate how structural constraints, social expectations, and the intersections of class, place (rural-urban), and gender shape how youth experience waithood. For young females, there are enduring cultural pressures to marry early and to normatively perform domesticity, roles that can constrain women’s educational and employment trajectories. At the same time, male youth confront masculine anxieties stemming from societal expectations of conventional breadwinner roles. Under the pressure of economic dependence, opportunities vary considerably for them across different classes and regional locations. We found that youth consciously extend their identity exploration, particularly in upper-class urban strata, in stark contrast to disadvantaged rural youth for whom waithood suggests a compelled suspension of personal progression. Thus, by locating youth perspectives within linked lives and cultural contexts, our manuscript provides important insights into their diverse transitional experiences on pathways to adulthood in Pakistan's transforming opportunity landscape.
{"title":"Interdependence and waithood: Exploration of family dynamics and young adults' life course trajectories in Pakistan","authors":"Rahat Shah , Imran Sabir , Adeela Zaka","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth transitions to adulthood are increasingly characterized by delayed marriages, education and job disparities, and protracted financial dependency in Pakistan, engendering the phenomenon of “waithood.” This study poses the question: what are the effects of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships on the life course trajectories of Pakistani young adults in waithood, particularly in terms of education, career, marriage, gender roles, and societal influences? Employing a relational and intersectional perspective, we investigated the experiences of waithood among 30 youths (aged between 18 and 30 years) and 20 parents from various socioeconomic and regional backgrounds across Pakistan. Data collected through in-depth interviews elucidate how structural constraints, social expectations, and the intersections of class, place (rural-urban), and gender shape how youth experience waithood. For young females, there are enduring cultural pressures to marry early and to normatively perform domesticity, roles that can constrain women’s educational and employment trajectories. At the same time, male youth confront masculine anxieties stemming from societal expectations of conventional breadwinner roles. Under the pressure of economic dependence, opportunities vary considerably for them across different classes and regional locations. We found that youth consciously extend their identity exploration, particularly in upper-class urban strata, in stark contrast to disadvantaged rural youth for whom waithood suggests a compelled suspension of personal progression. Thus, by locating youth perspectives within linked lives and cultural contexts, our manuscript provides important insights into their diverse transitional experiences on pathways to adulthood in Pakistan's transforming opportunity landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress has a clear impact on health and function. Yet, little is known about how different stressors (factors that cause stress) in various contexts throughout the life course impact cognitive and physical aging. The study aimed to investigate if different types of stressors predicted cognitive and physical impairment in late life. The role of social support and internal locus of control was also investigated.
Material and methods
Two individually linked studies of Swedish nationally representative samples provided longitudinal data over 21 years, including retrospective childhood data (n = 1086). Indicators of work and financial stressors were assessed at late midlife (M=62 years) and financial stressors at early late life (M=70). Social support and internal locus of control were assessed at the mean ages of 62 and 70 years. Physical and cognitive impairment were assessed at late life (M=83). Path analyses were conducted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for smoking, age, sex, educational attainment, and follow-up period.
Results
Work stressors were associated with physical and cognitive impairment directly. Work stressors were also associated with financial stressors, which, in turn, were associated with physical impairment. Childhood conflicts were associated with less social support, and less social support was associated with worse cognitive aging. Internal locus of control was not associated with cognitive and physical impairment.
Conclusions
This study confirms that stressors earlier in life predict cognitive and physical aging, but that different types of stressors have different paths to impact impairment in late life.
{"title":"Different stressors across the life course have different paths to impact cognitive and physical aging","authors":"Charlotta Nilsen , Deborah Finkel , Shireen Sindi , Ingemar Kåreholt","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of the research</h3><div>Stress has a clear impact on health and function. Yet, little is known about how different stressors (factors that cause stress) in various contexts throughout the life course impact cognitive and physical aging. The study aimed to investigate if different types of stressors predicted cognitive and physical impairment in late life. The role of social support and internal locus of control was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Two individually linked studies of Swedish nationally representative samples provided longitudinal data over 21 years, including retrospective childhood data (n = 1086). Indicators of work and financial stressors were assessed at late midlife (<em>M</em>=62 years) and financial stressors at early late life (<em>M</em>=70). Social support and internal locus of control were assessed at the mean ages of 62 and 70 years. Physical and cognitive impairment were assessed at late life (<em>M</em>=83). Path analyses were conducted with maximum likelihood estimation and adjusted for smoking, age, sex, educational attainment, and follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Work stressors were associated with physical and cognitive impairment directly. Work stressors were also associated with financial stressors, which, in turn, were associated with physical impairment. Childhood conflicts were associated with less social support, and less social support was associated with worse cognitive aging. Internal locus of control was not associated with cognitive and physical impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study confirms that stressors earlier in life predict cognitive and physical aging, but that different types of stressors have different paths to impact impairment in late life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The public sector is often seen as a “sheltered” labor market that is more accessible, more family-friendly, and provides more equal pay for men and women, and across ethnoreligious groups compared to the private sector. The public sector is especially crucial for women and ethno-religious minorities in a country like Israel, which is a highly unequal, residentially and occupationally strongly segregated society that has been described as an “ethnocracy”. Adopting a life course perspective, we examine ethnoreligious differences in the interplay between work and family life trajectories, with a focus on how employment sectors shape these experiences. Specifically, we investigate how public and private sector careers interact with family formation patterns and potentially enhance or mitigate ethno-religious disparities in career stability and accumulated earnings. The analyses use sequence and cluster analyses, regression methods, and newly available administrative data from the Israeli census and tax registers to show three key findings: 1) Ultraorthodox, Christian, Druze and Muslim women are substantially less likely to enter stable private sector careers compared to third generation Jewish Israeli women, irrespective of their family lives; 2) access to public sector careers combined with marriage and motherhood is far more equal compared to private sector careers across ethno-religious groups; 3) ethno-religious gaps in accumulated earnings are small in public sector careers and large in private sector careers.
{"title":"Women’s work-family trajectories and earnings by ethno-religious groups in Israel: More equality in the public sector?","authors":"Zafer Buyukkececi , Asaf Levanon , Anette Eva Fasang , Vered Kraus , Evgeny Saburov","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The public sector is often seen as a “sheltered” labor market that is more accessible, more family-friendly, and provides more equal pay for men and women, and across ethnoreligious groups compared to the private sector. The public sector is especially crucial for women and ethno-religious minorities in a country like Israel, which is a highly unequal, residentially and occupationally strongly segregated society that has been described as an “ethnocracy”. Adopting a life course perspective, we examine ethnoreligious differences in the interplay between work and family life trajectories, with a focus on how employment sectors shape these experiences. Specifically, we investigate how public and private sector careers interact with family formation patterns and potentially enhance or mitigate ethno-religious disparities in career stability and accumulated earnings. The analyses use sequence and cluster analyses, regression methods, and newly available administrative data from the Israeli census and tax registers to show three key findings: 1) Ultraorthodox, Christian, Druze and Muslim women are substantially less likely to enter stable private sector careers compared to third generation Jewish Israeli women, irrespective of their family lives; 2) access to public sector careers combined with marriage and motherhood is far more equal compared to private sector careers across ethno-religious groups; 3) ethno-religious gaps in accumulated earnings are small in public sector careers and large in private sector careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657
Martín Hernán Di Marco , Sveinung Sandberg , Gustavo Fondevila
In very different societal contexts, parenthood has been identified as a critical turning point in life course trajectories. In this qualitative study, we explore parenthood as a turning point for 40 young women and 40 young men in prisons across Latin America. We study the impact of parenthood on criminal trajectories, identify gender differences, and analyze the different mechanisms at work. The analysis distinguishes between positive (crime reducing) and negative (crime increasing) changes following parenthood. When participants felt that they had to change, “slow down” or obtain a more stable and risk-free income, their criminal activities often declined. For women, parenthood could also stabilize healthy intimate relationships, which appeared beneficial for avoiding crime and other harmful practices. On the other hand, frustration arising from failing as parents and increased tensions in daily life often increased criminal involvement. The need for more money, and the absence of legal options for making an income had the same effect. Importantly, negative changes following parenthood were gendered. Men sometimes described frustration at feeling obliged to spend more time at home. For women, parenthood could cement an abusive relationship, cause problems because they became single mothers or make them lose social support. The study is based on repeated qualitative interviews and emphasizes perceived effects of parenthood. The research reveals the variety and nuances of the role of parenthood in criminal trajectories in Latin America and highlights the importance of socio-economic circumstances for criminal trajectories. We argue that in contexts of structural poverty and unemployment, where illegal economies often dominate over legal ones (as seen in many Global South settings), parenthood may lead to increased criminal involvement rather than desistance.
{"title":"Parenthood, gender, and turning points to crime for young people in Latin America","authors":"Martín Hernán Di Marco , Sveinung Sandberg , Gustavo Fondevila","doi":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In very different societal contexts, parenthood has been identified as a critical turning point in life course trajectories. In this qualitative study, we explore parenthood as a turning point for 40 young women and 40 young men in prisons across Latin America. We study the impact of parenthood on criminal trajectories, identify gender differences, and analyze the different mechanisms at work. The analysis distinguishes between positive (crime reducing) and negative (crime increasing) changes following parenthood. When participants felt that they had to change, “slow down” or obtain a more stable and risk-free income, their criminal activities often declined. For women, parenthood could also stabilize healthy intimate relationships, which appeared beneficial for avoiding crime and other harmful practices. On the other hand, frustration arising from failing as parents and increased tensions in daily life often increased criminal involvement. The need for more money, and the absence of legal options for making an income had the same effect. Importantly, negative changes following parenthood were gendered. Men sometimes described frustration at feeling obliged to spend more time at home. For women, parenthood could cement an abusive relationship, cause problems because they became single mothers or make them lose social support. The study is based on repeated qualitative interviews and emphasizes perceived effects of parenthood. The research reveals the variety and nuances of the role of parenthood in criminal trajectories in Latin America and highlights the importance of socio-economic circumstances for criminal trajectories. We argue that in contexts of structural poverty and unemployment, where illegal economies often dominate over legal ones (as seen in many Global South settings), parenthood may lead to increased criminal involvement rather than desistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47126,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Course Research","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2025.100658
William Foley , Lea Katharina Kröger , Jonas Radl
Personality is associated with important life outcomes such as occupational status, and there is continued interest in understanding how family processes shape people’s character. Previous research has shown that despite being exposed to a common family environment, sibling personalities differ substantially. We test one explanation of this phenomenon: differential parental support within families. Fitting family fixed-effects models to data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we find that, even within families, differences in parental support contribute to explain the personality of adolescent children. However, this association declines when children reach early adulthood. We interpret these results as demonstrating the importance of within-family factors for shaping personality, and how the influence of parent-child relationships varies over the life course.
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