International Labour Review最新文献

This Centenary Issue presents a selection of the articles on labour law that were published in the International Labour Review (ILR) during its first 100 years. The articles were chosen for their contribution to two tracks of debate and discourse. The first concerns a progression of ideas over time with respect to the scope and substance of labour law in general. The second charts the evolution of international labour law more specifically. This introduction provides a narrative weaving together the landmarks that were selected in each of these tracks and pointing out recurring themes, questions and challenges as well as changing points of view.

Collective industrial relations (CIR) are founded on particular rights that can be exercised only by employee representative bodies, not by individual employees. From the many publications on CIR that have appeared in the International Labour Review over the past 100 years, 15 contributions were selected for inclusion in this Centenary Issue. A criterion for the selection of an article was its focus on the strengthening of inclusivity - that is, the extension of the protection afforded by CIR to as many people as possible and not just to privileged groups. Inclusive CIR are the precondition for reducing discrimination in the labour market and for universalizing decent work.

This article considers how the regulative functions of labour law have been developed within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and seeks to identify instances of legal segmentation. The authors provide an overview of the demographic nature of the informal economies in SADC Member States, drawing the conclusion that the labour law mechanisms employed in the region substantially contribute to the legal segmentation of the regional economies. This has occurred despite the constitutionalization of labour law in the SADC region.

This introduction to the Centenary Issue of the International Labour Review (ILR) on women and gender equality reflects on the distinctive contributions included. It emphasizes the need to recognize the undervaluation of work that women have traditionally performed both in the home and in the labour market. It also highlights diverse efforts to remedy these intricately linked problems.

This paper examines the exercise of the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining by platform workers. It focuses on several significant developments involving the collective organization of platform workers worldwide, and considers the rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining as human rights. It contends that the shifting context of work has led to changes in modern workplaces, which, in turn, have generated a novel interest in the adoption of a human rights-based approach towards labour protection. This approach considers that all workers are entitled to rights, such as the right to collective bargaining, which derive from international human rights instruments.

This article captures the shared understanding in the literature of labour law's interaction with gender, distinguishing between law's different functions – constituting labour market institutions, sustaining them, addressing unwarranted outcomes and transforming the institutions. Constituted, in part, by law, the standard employment relationship and the institutions of formal employment have segmenting gendered effects. While legal norms designed to correct these effects are important, they also sustain them. The authors argue for a transformative alternative that would follow two general principles in designing new labour standards, namely, universalization of scope and adaptive content in the interests of differently situated women and men.

This paper explores gender wage gap trends by assessing the role of changing wage returns to occupational skills, brains (i.e. cognitive and interpersonal skills) and brawn (i.e. motor skills and physical strength). Using harmonized data for six European countries and comparable data for the United States, this paper finds substantial variation in the impact of occupational skill prices across countries. However, in all countries in the sample, a considerable portion of the change in the gender wage gap cannot be explained by changes in occupational skill prices.