The fatherhood premium and motherhood penalty are key concepts in the study of gender income gaps. Using an ordinary least squares model, influencing mechanism analysis and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we examine changes in Chinese gig workers’ income by gender, before and after parenthood. The results indicate that, in the Chinese gig economy, the motherhood penalty is vanishing, while the fatherhood premium has evolved into a fatherhood penalty owing to work pressure and the gender segregation of occupations in the gig economy, requiring men to balance their time and energy between work and childcare in a way that is not as prevalent in other sectors.
{"title":"The shifting motherhood penalty and fatherhood premium in China's gig economy: Impact of parental status on income changes","authors":"Qi ZHENG, Zitong QIU, Weiguo YANG","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fatherhood premium and motherhood penalty are key concepts in the study of gender income gaps. Using an ordinary least squares model, influencing mechanism analysis and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we examine changes in Chinese gig workers’ income by gender, before and after parenthood. The results indicate that, in the Chinese gig economy, the motherhood penalty is vanishing, while the fatherhood premium has evolved into a fatherhood penalty owing to work pressure and the gender segregation of occupations in the gig economy, requiring men to balance their time and energy between work and childcare in a way that is not as prevalent in other sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 2","pages":"173-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85163033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miklós ANTAL, Benedikt LEHMANN, Thiago GUIMARAES, Alexandra HALMOS, Bence LUKÁCS
Changes in working time have important economic, social and environmental implications. However, research on workers' preferences is highly fragmented across disciplines and journals. To overcome this, the present article provides a systematic review of the literature, analysing 173 studies. The study shows that working-time outcomes and mismatches are mostly studied in a small group of OECD countries, using survey data and statistical methods. The most clear and consistent results are about gender, care responsibilities and current working hours. Among professions, only the medical workforce receives substantial attention. Norms and preference formation are poorly understood, and more qualitative research is essential to understand how working-time reductions could spread.
{"title":"Shorter hours wanted? A systematic review of working-time preferences and outcomes","authors":"Miklós ANTAL, Benedikt LEHMANN, Thiago GUIMARAES, Alexandra HALMOS, Bence LUKÁCS","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Changes in working time have important economic, social and environmental implications. However, research on workers' preferences is highly fragmented across disciplines and journals. To overcome this, the present article provides a systematic review of the literature, analysing 173 studies. The study shows that working-time outcomes and mismatches are mostly studied in a small group of OECD countries, using survey data and statistical methods. The most clear and consistent results are about gender, care responsibilities and current working hours. Among professions, only the medical workforce receives substantial attention. Norms and preference formation are poorly understood, and more qualitative research is essential to understand how working-time reductions could spread.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 1","pages":"25-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ilr.12406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72812063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can complaints mechanisms strengthen the private labour regulation of global value chains (GVCs)? This article empirically investigates the results produced by the Fair Labor Association's (FLA) complaints mechanism, which alone allows outcomes to be verified from the complainant's perspective. Although the vast majority of complainants find this mechanism to be valuable, it also has a number of limitations that seriously affect outcomes for workers. The authors utilize the concept of “grounding” to explore how national, social and corporate dimensions affect the performance of the FLA complaints mechanism for workers. The implications of these findings are then considered for complaints mechanisms in other GVCs.
{"title":"The value of complaints mechanisms in the private labour regulation of GVCs: A case study of the Fair Labor Association","authors":"James HARRISON, Margarita PAREJO, Mark WIELGA","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Can complaints mechanisms strengthen the private labour regulation of global value chains (GVCs)? This article empirically investigates the results produced by the Fair Labor Association's (FLA) complaints mechanism, which alone allows outcomes to be verified from the complainant's perspective. Although the vast majority of complainants find this mechanism to be valuable, it also has a number of limitations that seriously affect outcomes for workers. The authors utilize the concept of “grounding” to explore how national, social and corporate dimensions affect the performance of the FLA complaints mechanism for workers. The implications of these findings are then considered for complaints mechanisms in other GVCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 1","pages":"73-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ilr.12405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81575045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unequal Development and Labour in Brazil, by Gerry Rodgers, Roberto Véras de Oliveira and Janine Rodgers","authors":"Jayati Ghosh","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"162 4","pages":"715-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80466796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Labour market responses to past business downturns across countries have been ambiguous and paradoxical, including both pro- and counter-cyclical reactions. In the absence of adequate social safety nets, including unemployment insurance, counter-cyclical employment rates could signal distress rather than productive employment opportunities. Juxtaposing household employment- unemployment data with the recommendations of the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians on labour underutilization, this article critiques existing data on underemployment in India and calls for the review of data collection methods to better inform labour market policies.
{"title":"Working, yet not working: Assessing labour underutilization in India","authors":"Shalina Susan MATHEW","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Labour market responses to past business downturns across countries have been ambiguous and paradoxical, including both pro- and counter-cyclical reactions. In the absence of adequate social safety nets, including unemployment insurance, counter-cyclical employment rates could signal distress rather than productive employment opportunities. Juxtaposing household employment- unemployment data with the recommendations of the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians on labour underutilization, this article critiques existing data on underemployment in India and calls for the review of data collection methods to better inform labour market policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 1","pages":"141-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74192333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louisa ACCIARI, Chirlene DOS SANTOS BRITO, Cleide PEREIRA PINTO
This article presents data from a survey conducted with the National Federation of Domestic Workers of Brazil on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic workers, also considering emergency policies and the Federation's main actions in the first year of the crisis. Focusing on employment and income, occupational health and safety, and violations of rights, it shows the extreme polarization between those who lost their livelihoods and those obliged to continue working at the expense of their health and basic human rights. Although the circumstances were exceptional, the authors argue that this situation was made possible by pre-existing conditions of legal exclusion and precarity.
{"title":"Essential yet excluded: COVID-19 and the decent work deficit among domestic workers in Brazil","authors":"Louisa ACCIARI, Chirlene DOS SANTOS BRITO, Cleide PEREIRA PINTO","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This article presents data from a survey conducted with the National Federation of Domestic Workers of Brazil on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic workers, also considering emergency policies and the Federation's main actions in the first year of the crisis. Focusing on employment and income, occupational health and safety, and violations of rights, it shows the extreme polarization between those who lost their livelihoods and those obliged to continue working at the expense of their health and basic human rights. Although the circumstances were exceptional, the authors argue that this situation was made possible by pre-existing conditions of legal exclusion and precarity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ilr.12402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79871347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issue Information – TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"162 2","pages":"i-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ilr.12367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is a comparative-historical study of ILO action on occupational safety and health (OSH) as fundamental rights. In the two decades following the adoption of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the ILO used a realist lens and prioritized the idea that OSH were dependent upon economic preconditions for their protection. This history is revisited in the light of the new complex of global health uncertainty and the addition of OSH to the framework of fundamental principles and rights at work. The analysis highlights the applicability of a realistic vigilance approach to the ILO's current work on OSH.
{"title":"Safety and health at work as fundamental rights: A comparative-historical study of the ILO's strategy of realistic vigilance","authors":"Jeffrey HILGERT","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ilr.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is a comparative-historical study of ILO action on occupational safety and health (OSH) as fundamental rights. In the two decades following the adoption of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the ILO used a realist lens and prioritized the idea that OSH were dependent upon economic preconditions for their protection. This history is revisited in the light of the new complex of global health uncertainty and the addition of OSH to the framework of fundamental principles and rights at work. The analysis highlights the applicability of a realistic vigilance approach to the ILO's current work on OSH.</p>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"163 1","pages":"95-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77106488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In customs preference schemes, prison labour is primarily viewed as unfair competition, to be rejected out of hand. This form of employment can, however, be understood differently, notably by considering the conditions under which it may constitute decent work, and by seeing it as a tool for rehabilitation. Following an in-depth legal analysis, in which they compare the relevant standards of the ILO to EU and WTO customs regulations in the light of the capability approach, the authors call for the development of a set of rules drawing on several branches of law relating to prison labour.
{"title":"Prison labour, customs preference schemes and decent work: Critical analysis and outlook","authors":"Andrea SITZIA, Benoît LOPEZ","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In customs preference schemes, prison labour is primarily viewed as unfair competition, to be rejected out of hand. This form of employment can, however, be understood differently, notably by considering the conditions under which it may constitute decent work, and by seeing it as a tool for rehabilitation. Following an in-depth legal analysis, in which they compare the relevant standards of the ILO to EU and WTO customs regulations in the light of the capability approach, the authors call for the development of a set of rules drawing on several branches of law relating to prison labour.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"162 2","pages":"305-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ilr.12399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors question the validity of Okun's law in Latin America in this paper. Based on several econometric models, they show that fluctuations in economic activity have a lesser impact on unemployment rates in Latin American countries than in other, more advanced economies. Instead of stimulus policies focused on reducing unemployment in general, these countries need targeted policies that encourage job creation in specific sectors. That being said, the unemployment—output ratio differs from one Latin American country to another. Where the ratio is weak or non-existent, cyclical variations adversely affect the quality of employment – another aspect that must also be addressed by economic policy.
{"title":"The correlation between unemployment and economic growth in Latin America – Okun's law estimates by country","authors":"Maria Sylvina PORRAS-ARENA, Ángel L. MARTÍN-ROMÁN","doi":"10.1111/ilr.12398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors question the validity of Okun's law in Latin America in this paper. Based on several econometric models, they show that fluctuations in economic activity have a lesser impact on unemployment rates in Latin American countries than in other, more advanced economies. Instead of stimulus policies focused on reducing unemployment in general, these countries need targeted policies that encourage job creation in specific sectors. That being said, the unemployment—output ratio differs from one Latin American country to another. Where the ratio is weak or non-existent, cyclical variations adversely affect the quality of employment – another aspect that must also be addressed by economic policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47216,"journal":{"name":"International Labour Review","volume":"162 2","pages":"171-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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